Ford

Okuqukethwe Umlando Wabanikazi Bama-Ford nabaphathiI-LogoActivitiesModels Enye yezinkampani zezimoto ezidume kakhulu yiFord Motors. Indlunkulu yenkampani iseduze neDetroit, idolobha lama-motors - Dearborn. Ezikhathini ezithile zomlando, lokhu kukhathazeka okukhulu kwakunemikhiqizo efana neMercury, Lincoln, Jaguar, Aston Martin, njll. Le nkampani imatasa nokukhiqiza izimoto, amaloli nezimoto zezolimo. Funda indaba yokuthi ukuwa ehhashini kwaqala kanjani ukukhula nokukhula okuqhumayo kwe-titanium embonini yezimoto. Ford Story Ngesikhathi esebenza epulazini likayise, isifiki sase-Ireland siwa ehhashini lakhe. Ngalolo suku ngo-1872, kwafika umcabango ekhanda likaHenry Ford: ukuthi ufuna kanjani ukuba nemoto ephephile futhi ethembekile kunomlingani odonswa amahhashi. Lo mshisekeli, kanye nabangane bakhe abangu-11, baqoqa inani elikhulu ngalezo zindinganiso - ama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingu-28 (iningi lale mali linikezwe abatshalizimali abangu-5 abakholelwa ekuphumeleleni komqondo). Ngalezi zimali, bathola ibhizinisi elincane lezimboni. Lo mcimbi wenzeka ngomhlaka-16.06.1903/XNUMX/XNUMX. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Ford - inkampani imoto yokuqala emhlabeni ukusebenzisa isimiso umugqa wokuhlanganisa izimoto. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwayo ngo-1913, imishini eyimishini yahlanganiswa ngesandla kuphela. Isibonelo sokuqala esisebenzayo kwakuyinqola eseceleni enenjini kaphethiloli. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi inamandla angu-8 amahhashi, futhi abasebenzi babebizwa ngokuthi i-Model-A. Eminyakeni emihlanu nje ngemva kokusungulwa kwenkampani, umhlaba unemodeli yemoto ethengekayo - iModel-T. Imoto yayibizwa ngegama elithi "Tin Lizzy". Imoto yakhiqizwa kuze kube unyaka wama-27 wekhulu elidlule. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-20, inkampani yangena esivumelwaneni sokubambisana neSoviet Union. Imboni ye-automaker yaseMelika isakhiwa eNizhny Novgorod. Ngokusekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwenkampani yomzali, izimoto ze-GAZ-A zathuthukiswa, kanye nemodeli efanayo nenkomba ye-AA. Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, lo mkhiqizo, othola ukuthandwa, wakha amafekthri eJalimane futhi usebenzisana ne-Third Reich, ukhulula zombili izimoto ezinamasondo nezilandelwayo zamasosha ezwe. Ngasohlangothini lwebutho laseMelika, lokhu kwabangela ubutha. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe II, iFord inquma ukuyeka ukusebenza neJalimane lamaNazi, futhi iqala ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yezempi ye-United States. Nansi umlando omfushane wokuhlanganiswa nokutholwa kwamanye ama-brand: 1922, ngaphansi kobuholi benkampani, ukuhlukaniswa kwezimoto ze-Lincoln premium kuqala; 1939 - Kusungulwe uhlobo lweMercury, izimoto ezinenani eliphakathi nendawo ziphuma emgqeni womhlangano. Lesi sigaba siqhubeke kwaze kwaba ngu-2010; 1986 - AbakwaFord bathola uhlobo lwe-Aston Martin. Isigaba sathengiswa ngo-2007; 1990 - kwathengwa uhlobo lweJaguar, okwathi ngo-2008 ludlulela kumkhiqizi waseNdiya iTata Motors; 1999 - Kutholwe uhlobo lweVolvo, okuthe ukudayiswa kabusha kwalo kwaziwa ngo-2010. Umnikazi omusha walesi sigaba uhlobo lwesiShayina iZhenjiang Geely; Ngo-2000 - kuthengwa uhlobo lweLand Rover, olwathengiswa ngemva kweminyaka engu-8 enkampanini yaseNdiya iTata. Abanikazi nabaphathi Ukuphathwa kwenkampani kwenziwa ngokuphelele ngumndeni womsunguli womkhiqizo. Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezikhathazayo ezinkulu, ezilawulwa umndeni owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ford ihlukaniswa njengenkampani yomphakathi. Ukuhamba kwamasheya ayo kulawulwa yi-stock exchange eNew York. Izimoto zophawu lomkhiqizi waseMelika zibonwa ngelebula elula ku-radiator grille. Igama lenkampani libhalwe ngezinhlamvu ezimhlophe kufonti yasekuqaleni ku-oval eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uphawu lomkhiqizo lubonisa ukuhlonishwa kwesiko nobuhle, okungalandelelwa kumamodeli amaningi enkampani. I-logo idlule ekuvuseleleni okuningana. Umdwebo wokuqala wenziwa nguChilde Harold Wills ngo-1903. Bekuyigama lenkampani, elenziwe ngendlela yesiginesha. Emaphethelweni, isibonakaliso sasinomngcele ocatshangelwayo, ngaphakathi lapho, ngaphezu kwegama lomkhiqizi, indawo yendlunkulu yaboniswa. 1909 - ilogo ishintshwe ngokuphelele. Esikhundleni se-motley plaque, ama-radiators amanga athathelwa indawo isibongo somsunguli, esenziwe ngefonti yokuqala yenhloko-dolobha; 1912 - uphawu luthola izakhi ezengeziwe - ingemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngendlela yokhozi olunweba amaphiko alo. Igama lomkhiqizo libhalwe ngamagama amakhulu phakathi nendawo, futhi ngaphansi kwalo kubhalwe isiqubulo sokukhangisa - "Universal car"; 1912 - uphawu lomkhiqizo luthola umumo oval ojwayelekile. I-Ford ibhalwe ngezinhlamvu ezimnyama kungemuva elimhlophe; 1927 - Ingemuva eliyisiyingi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elinomngcele omhlophe liyavela. Igama lomkhiqizo wezimoto ngezinhlamvu ezimhlophe; 1957 - i-oval iyashintsha ibe yisibalo esilinganayo esinwetshwe ezinhlangothini. Umbala wangemuva uyashintsha. Umbhalo ngokwawo uhlala ungashintshiwe; 1976 - isibalo sangaphambilini sithatha isimo se-oval eseluliwe ene-edging yesiliva. Ingemuva ngokwayo lenziwe ngesitayela esinikeza ivolumu ekubhalweni; 2003 - ifreyimu yesiliva iyanyamalala, umbala wangemuva uthulisiwe kakhulu. Ingaphezulu lilula kunezansi. Ushintsho lombala olubushelelezi lwenziwa phakathi kwabo, ngenxa yokuthi umbhalo oshibhile uphenduka ube mkhulu. Imisebenzi Le nkampani inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo embonini yezimoto. Amabhizinisi omkhiqizo akha izimoto zabagibeli, kanye namaloli entengiso namabhasi. Ukukhathazeka kungahlukaniswa ngokwemibandela ngezigaba ezi-3 zesakhiwo: eNyakatho Melika; I-Asia-Pacific; YaseYurophu. Lezi zigaba zihlukaniswa ngokwendawo. Kuze kube ngu-2006, ngamunye wabo wakhiqiza imishini yemakethe ethile ababenomthwalo wemfanelo kuyo. Ushintsho kule nqubomgomo kwaba yisinqumo somqondisi wenkampani, uRoger Mulally (lolu shintsho lukanjiniyela nosomabhizinisi lusindise uphawu ekuweni) ukwenza iFord ibe “One”. Umnyombo wombono wawuwukuthi inkampani izokhiqiza amamodeli omhlaba ezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimakethe. Lo mbono ubufakwe kuFord Focus yesizukulwane sesithathu. Amamodeli Nansi umlando womkhiqizo kumamodeli: 1903 - ukukhiqizwa kwemodeli yemoto yokuqala kuqala, eyathola inkomba A. 1906 - Kuvela imodeli K, lapho kwaqala ukufakwa injini engu-6-cylinder. Amandla ayo kwakungamahhashi angu-40. Ngenxa yekhwalithi ephansi yokwakha, imodeli ayizange ihlale isikhathi eside emakethe. Indaba efanayo yayikanye no-V. Zombili lezi zinketho beziqondiswe kubashayeli bezimoto abacebile. Ukwehluleka kwezinguqulo kube umfutho wokukhiqizwa kwezimoto eziningi zebhajethi. Ngo-1908 - i-Model T eyisithonjana ibonakala ithandwa kakhulu hhayi kuphela ngekhwalithi yayo, kodwa futhi ngentengo ekhangayo. Ekuqaleni, yayithengiswa ngo-850 USD. (uma kuqhathaniswa, i-Model K yanikezwa ngentengo ye-$ 2), kamuva, izinto ezishibhile zasetshenziswa, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthutha cishe ngesigamu ($ 800). Le moto ibinenjini engu-2,9 litre. Ibihambisana no-gearbox oyiplanethi enamagiya amabili. Bekuyimoto yokuqala ngqa enamakhophi ayisigidi. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezokuthutha zadalwa ku-chassis yale modeli, kusukela kubasebenzi bakanokusho abanezihlalo ezimbili kuya ku-ambulensi. 1922 - Ukutholwa kophiko lwezimoto lokunethezeka, iLincoln yabacebile. I-1922-1950 inkampani yenza izinqumo eziningi ukukhulisa ukuma kwezwe lokukhiqiza, iphothula izivumelwano namazwe ahlukene lapho kwakhiwa khona izinkampani. 1932 - Le nkampani iba ngumkhiqizi wokuqala emhlabeni ukukhiqiza i-monolithic V-block enamasilinda ayi-8. 1938 - Kwakhiwa ukwahlukaniswa kweMercury ukuhlinzeka imakethe ngezimoto eziphakathi nendawo (phakathi kweFord eshibhile yakudala neLincoln ebukekayo). Ekuqaleni kwawo-50 kwakuyisikhathi sokufuna imibono yasekuqaleni kanye nenguquko. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1955, i-Thunderbird yavela ngemuva kwe-hardtop (iyini engavamile yalolu hlobo lomzimba, funda lapha). Imoto yehlelo ithole izizukulwane ezingaba ngu-11. Ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto kwakukhona iyunithi yamandla angu-4,8-litre e-V, ethuthukisa amandla angu-193 amahhashi. Naphezu kokuthi imoto yayihloselwe abashayeli abacebile, imodeli yayithandwa kakhulu. 1959 - Kuvela enye imoto edumile - iGalaxie. Imodeli ithole izinhlobo zomzimba ezingu-6, isikhiya sengane, kanye nekholomu yokuqondisa ethuthukisiwe. Ngo-1960 - Ukuqala kokukhiqizwa kwemodeli ye-Falcon, endaweni yesikhulumi lapho kwakwakhiwa khona iMaverick, Granada kanye nesizukulwane sokuqala se-Mustang. Imoto ekucushweni okuyisisekelo ithole injini engu-2,4-litre enamandla angu-90. Bekuyiyunithi yamandla engu-6-cylinder emgqeni. 1964 - ukuvela edume Ford Mustang. Kwakuyisithelo sokufuna imodeli yenkanyezi yenkampani, eyayizobiza imali ehloniphekile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakuyinto efiseleka kakhulu kubathandi bezimoto ezinhle nezinamandla. Imodeli yomqondo yethulwa ngonyaka odlule, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho inkampani yakha ama-prototypes amaningana ale moto, nakuba ayizange ibenze baphile. Ngaphansi kwe-hood yento entsha kwakufana ne-in-line yesithupha njengaku-Falcon, ukufuduka kuphela kukhuphuke kancane (kufika ku-2,8 amalitha). Imoto ithole amandla amakhulu kanye nokulungiswa okungabizi, futhi inzuzo yayo eyinhloko kwakuyintofontofo, izimoto ezazingakaze zinikezwe ngaphambili. 1966 - Inkampani ekugcineni iphumelele embangweni nophawu lweFerrari emgwaqeni uLe Mans. Inkazimulo iletha imoto yezemidlalo enamandla kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa yohlobo lwaseMelika i-GT-40. Ngemva kokunqoba, umkhiqizo wethula inguqulo yomgwaqo yenganekwane - GT-40 MKIII. Ngaphansi kwe-hood bekukhona okuyisishiyagalombili esivele sijwayelekile esingu-4,7-litre esimise okwe-V. Amandla aphezulu abe ngu-310 hp. Nakuba imoto ibonakale iqinile, ayizange ibuyekezwe kwaze kwaba ngu-2003. Isizukulwane esisha sathola injini enkudlwana (5,4 amalitha), eyasheshisa imoto ukuze "amakhulu" ngemizuzwana 3,2, futhi umkhawulo wesivinini esiphezulu kwaba 346 km / h. 1968 - Imodeli yezemidlalo i-Escort Twin Cam iyavela. Imoto ithathe indawo yokuqala kulo mjaho obuse-Ireland, kanye nemiqhudelwano eminingi emazweni ahlukene kwaze kwaba ngu-1970. Umsebenzi wezemidlalo womkhiqizo wawuvumela ukuthi uhehe amakhasimende amasha athanda imijaho yezimoto futhi azisa izimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinamasistimu kagesi amasha. 1970 - Kuvela iTaunus (inguqulo yedrayivu yesokunxele yaseYurophu) noma uCortina (inguqulo yedrayivu yesandla sangakwesokudla). 1976 - Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Econoline E-Series kuqala, ngokuhambisa, injini kanye ne-chassis evela ku-F-Series pickups nama-SUV. 1976 - Kuvela isizukulwane sokuqala seFiesta. 1980 - Ukukhiqizwa kweBronco yomlando kuyaqala. Kwakuyiveni eyayino-chassis omfushane kodwa ophakeme. Ngenxa yobude obusezingeni eliphezulu le modeli isinesikhathi eside yaduma ngenxa yekhono layo lokunqamula amazwe, ngisho nalapho sekuphuma izinhlobo ezifanele zamaSUV antofontofo. 1982 - Ukwethulwa kweSierra edonsa ngamasondo angemuva. Ngo-1985 - kubusa isiphithiphithi sangempela emakethe yezimoto: ngenxa yenkinga kawoyela yomhlaba wonke, izimoto ezidumile zilahlekelwe kakhulu izikhundla zazo, futhi izimoto ezincane zaseJapan zifikile endaweni yazo. Amamodeli esincintisana nawo ayenokusebenzisa uphethiloli okuncane, futhi ngokusebenza kwawo ayengekho ngaphansi kwezimoto zaseMelika ezinamandla nezidlayo. Abaphathi benkampani banquma ukukhipha enye imodeli esebenzayo. Yiqiniso, akazange esikhundleni Mustang, kodwa wathola ukuqashelwa okuhle phakathi abashayeli. Kwakuyimodeli ye-Taurus. Naphezu kwesimo somnotho esinzima, i-novelty iphenduke yaba ethengiswa kakhulu emlandweni womkhiqizo. 1990 - Kuvela omunye othengisa kakhulu waseMelika - Isihloli. Kulo nyaka nangonyaka ozayo, imodeli ithola indondo esigabeni seSUV ehamba phambili ngamasondo onke. Injini ye-petroli engu-4 litre ene-155 hp yafakwa ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto. Ibhangqwe ne-4-speed automatic noma i-5-speed mechanical equivalent. 1993 - kwamenyezelwa ukwethulwa kohlobo lweMondeo, lapho kwasetshenziswa amazinga amasha okuphepha komshayeli nabagibeli. 1994 - Ukukhiqizwa kwekhumbi elincane leWindstar kuqala. 1995 - I-Galaxy (ukwahlukaniswa kwe-EUROPE) ikhonjiswe eGeneva Motor Show, eyabuyiselwa kabusha kakhulu ngonyaka ka-2000. 1996 - Kwethulwa i-Expedition ezongena esikhundleni seBronco ethandekayo. 1998 - IGeneva Motor Show yethula imodeli yeFocus, engena esikhundleni se-Escort subcompact. 2000 - Imodeli yaseFord Escape ikhonjiswe eDetroit Motor Show. EYurophu kwakhiwa i-SUV efanayo - iMaverick. 2002 - Kuvela imodeli ye-C-Max, eyathola iningi lezinhlelo ezivela ku-Focus, kepha ngomzimba osebenza kangcono. 2002 - abashayeli banikezwa imoto yedolobha iFusion. 2003 - iTourneo Connect, imoto esebenza kahle ngokubukeka okunesizotha, iyavela. 2006 - I-S-Max yadalwa ku-chassis ye-Galaxy entsha. 2008 - Inkampani ivula i-crossover niche ngokukhululwa kweKuga. 2012 - Kuvela ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini eyonga kakhulu. Intuthuko ibibizwa nge-Ecoboost. Injini iye yaklonyeliswa kaningi ngendondo ye "International Engine". Eminyakeni eyalandela, inkampani ibilokhu ithuthukisa izimoto ezinamandla, ezongayo, ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi ezinhle nje zezigaba ezahlukahlukene zabashayeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani ithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zezentengiselwano.