Amagama okuzenzakalelayo
I-piston yenjini - iyini futhi iyini
Izinjini zanamuhla ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ziyinkimbinkimbi ekwakhiweni uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo owenziwe ezinsukwini zokuqala zemboni yezimoto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abakhiqizi bafaka izinhlelo ezengeziwe ze-elekthronikhi kuyunithi yamandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza, umnotho nokusebenza kahle. Naphezu kobuqili bezinhlelo zikagesi, ukwakheka kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi akukashintshi kakhulu. Izakhi eziyinhloko zeyunithi yilezi: I-Crank mechanism; Iqembu le-cylinder piston; ukuphuza kanye nokukhipha okuningi; Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi; Isistimu yokugcoba injini. Izindlela ezifana nokusatshalaliswa kwe-crank negesi kufanele zivunyelaniswe. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokushayela. Kungaba ibhande noma iketango. I-node ngayinye yenjini yenza umsebenzi obalulekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusebenza okuzinzile (noma ngisho nokusebenza) kweyunithi yamandla akunakwenzeka. Cabangela ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi i-piston eyenza injini, kanye nomshini wayo. Iyini i-piston yenjini? Lokhu…
Yini i-odometer futhi yenzelwe ini
Ingabe kusekude phambili? Lo mbuzo uvame ukuvela kumshayeli uma eshayela endaweni angayazi. Kunzima kakhulu ukucacisa isikhathi esiqondile sokushayela kuleli cala - akwaziwa ukuthi ikhwalithi yomgwaqo iyini nokuthi kukhona yini isiminyaminya kuwo. Kodwa ibanga elisele linganqunywa. Ngale njongo, kufakwa i-odometer emotweni. Iyini le divayisi? Irekhoda kanjani ibanga elihanjiwe futhi iyini ingozi yokuphuka kwayo? Ake sicabangele le mibuzo neminye ngokulandelana kwayo. Iyini i-odometer? I-odometer iyimitha ekala ibanga elihanjwe yimoto. Ifakwe kudeshibhodi emnyangweni ye-speedometer (iwindi esikalini salo ukuze libonwe kangcono). Idivayisi ekuphaneli ibukeka njengefasitela elinezinombolo. Ku-classic...
Ungase futhi uthande
Uhlelo lokungenisa imoto
I-Speedometer. Izinhlobo nedivayisi. Ukunemba kanye nezici
Yini iveni
- Amagama okuzenzakalelayo, Ukulungisa okuzenzakalelayo, Amathiphu abashayeli, Izihloko, Idivayisi yemoto, Ukusebenza kwemishini
Yini ama-hubs futhi ayini
Ihabhu lemoto liyingxenye ebalulekile ye-chassis. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kuthatha imithwalo esindayo, futhi inikeza uxhumano oluthembekile lwesondo ngokumiswa kanye nezingxenye zokubopha. Ake sibhekisise ukuthi ayini amahabhu, idivayisi yawo nokuxazulula inkinga. Iyini ihabhu Ihabhu iyinodi exhumanisa ingxenye yokuthwala nokumiswa, ukuze isondo lijikeleze mahhala. Isimiso sokusebenza senziwa ngokuthwala ama-roller avumela isondo ne-brake disc ukuthi ijikeleze. Ngenxa yokuthwala, isondo linamandla okujikeleza. Ngokuya ngokuguqulwa, ihabhu lingahlanganiswa ne-brake disc nesigubhu. Futhi, ihabhu ingafaka inzwa ye-ABS, izikhonkwane zamasondo, ama-ABS Combs. Ukulungiswa kwehabhu okulula kwenziwa ngokuhlukana ne-bearing. Kungani udinga…
Izinjini ze-GDI: ubuhle nobubi bezinjini ze-GDI
Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamayunithi kagesi, abakhiqizi basungule izinhlelo ezintsha zokujova uphethiloli. Enye yezinto ezintsha kakhulu umjovo we-gdi. Kuyini, yiziphi izinzuzo zayo futhi kukhona ukonakala? Iyini isistimu yomjovo we-GDI yemoto Lesi sifinyezo sisetshenziswa izinjini zezinkampani ezithile, isibonelo, i-KIA noma i-Mitsubishi. Kwezinye izinhlobo, uhlelo lubizwa nge-4D (yezimoto zaseJapan Toyota), i-Ford Ecoboost edumile ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphansi kakhulu, i-FSI - yabamele ukukhathazeka kwe-WAG. Imoto, enjinini okuzoma kuyo elilodwa kulawa malebula, izobe ifakwe umjovo oqondile. Lobu buchwepheshe butholakala kumayunithi kaphethiloli, ngoba injini ye-diesel inomthombo oqondile wamafutha kumasilinda ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke kusebenze. Injini yomjovo oqondile...
I-Flywheel: ukusebenza kweinjini okunokwethenjelwa nokuthembekile
Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isalokhu iyisitimela esisebenza kahle kakhulu ezimotweni namuhla. Ngale yunithi, ungakwazi ukumboza noma yiliphi ibanga futhi ujabulele uhambo ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi esiningi ugcwalisa ithangi likaphethiloli. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqale injini futhi uqinisekise ukusheshisa okushelelayo, kufanele ibe nengxenye ekhethekile. Leli yi-flywheel. Cabangela ukuthi kungani idingeka ku-motor, yiziphi izinhlobo ze-flywheel ezitholakalayo, nokuthi ungayisebenza kanjani ngendlela efanele ukuze ingaphumeleli kusenesikhathi. Iyini i-flywheel yenjini yemoto? Kalula nje, i-flywheel yenjini iyidiski enegiya eliyindandatho. Ilungiswe ekugcineni kwe-crankshaft. Le ngxenye ixhuma injini nokudluliswa kwemoto. Ukuze i-torque idluliselwe kahle ejubaneni le-gearbox elihambisanayo, phakathi kwezindlela ...
Kuyini ukugcizelela. Ake siqaqe umucu ongaphambili (shock absorber) emotweni
Ukumiswa emotweni akudingekile nje kuphela ukwandisa ukunethezeka ngenkathi ushayela, kodwa futhi nokulondoloza izingxenye ezibalulekile nemihlangano eyayizodilika ngokushesha ngokuthuthumela njalo. Ukumiswa kwemoto kuthathela phezulu kuthuntubeze wonke amabhampa asemgwaqeni. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ukushaqeka kudluliselwe kancane emzimbeni, ama-dampers ayadingeka. Ngale njongo, idivayisi yomshini ihlinzeka ngokuba khona kwama-thrust bearings. Sizothola ukuthi kungani zidingeka, ukuthi zingatholakala kanjani ukuthi zinephutha, nokuthi zingashintshwa kanjani. Iyini indima yokusekela Le ngxenye ibhekisela entweni efakwe phezulu kwe-strut absorber strut. Induku ixhunywe engxenyeni ngembobo emaphakathi, futhi isiphethu sincikene nepuleti elitholakala endishini. Le ngxenye inesimo se-bearing enento edambisayo ehlinzeka ngokudambisa okungeziwe ...
Amapayipi we-Ceramic: ubuhle nobubi, ukubuyekezwa
Selokhu kwasungulwa izimoto ezizihambelayo, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi kwakhiwe indlela ezovumela umshayeli ukuthi amise imoto kusenesikhathi. Ezokuthutha zanamuhla, lokhu akuseyona indlela, kodwa uhlelo lonke oluhlanganisa inani elikhulu lezinto ezihlukahlukene ezihlinzeka ngokunciphisa okushesha kakhulu kwejubane lemoto noma isithuthuthu. Isistimu yokuphepha esebenzayo nengenzi lutho ihlanganisa izingxenye eziningi, okuhlanganisa ibhuleki. Idivayisi yabo ihlanganisa umugqa lapho i-brake fluid ihamba khona, amasilinda amabhuleki (i-cylinder eyodwa ene-vacuum booster neyodwa yesondo ngalinye), idiski (ezimotweni zebhajethi, ku-axle yangemuva kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwesigubhu, ongasifunda. mayelana ngokuningiliziwe kokunye ukubuyekezwa), i-caliper (uma uhlobo lwediski lusetshenziswa) namaphedi. Lapho imoto yehlisa ijubane (ayisebenzi...
Inzwa yehholo: umgomo wokusebenza, izinhlobo, uhlelo lokusebenza, ukuthi ungahlola kanjani
Ukuze zisebenze kahle zonke izinhlelo zemoto yesimanje, abakhiqizi bahlomisa imoto ngezinhlobonhlobo zemishini kagesi enezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwezakhi zemishini. Inzwa ngayinye ibaluleke kakhulu ekuzinzeni kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene emshinini. Cabanga ngezici zenzwa yehholo: yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona, ukungasebenzi okuyinhloko, isimiso sokusebenza nalapho sisetshenziswa khona. Iyini inzwa yeHholo emotweni Inzwa yeHholo iyisisetshenziswa esincane esinomgomo wokusebenza kwe-electromagnetic. Ngisho nasezimotweni ezindala zemboni yezimoto zaseSoviet, lezi zinzwa ziyatholakala - zilawula ukusebenza kwenjini kaphethiloli. Uma kuvela ukungasebenzi kahle ocingweni, injini izolahlekelwa ukuzinza. Zisetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuthungela, ukusatshalaliswa kwezigaba kumshini wokusabalalisa igesi, nokunye. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle okuhlobene nokwehluleka kwezinzwa, ...
Kuyini amahhashi futhi kubalwa kanjani?
Amandla ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi achazwa ngegama elithi "horsepower". Lesi silungiselelo sikhona kukho kokubili amasistimu e-metric nawe-imperial, kodwa awafani ncamashi. Imvamisa, ukumaka kwe-kilowatt (kW) kusetshenziselwa ukukhombisa le pharamitha, isibonelo, e-Australia. Kuyini "amandla amahhashi"? Umqondo we "horsepower" empeleni uhambelana namandla angapheli ehhashi elilodwa. Le parameter ichazwa njengamandla adingekayo ukuze uphakamise isisindo samakhilogremu angama-75 ngomzuzwana owodwa ukuya kubude bemitha elilodwa. Isimiso esinjalo sokubala sasetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwenguquko yezimboni, lapho amahhashi ayesasetshenziswa ukuze kukhishwe izimpahla ezimayini. Enye yezinganekwane ukuthi iyunithi yamandla amahhashi yasungulwa umsunguli uJames Watt. Ubonise indlela izinjini zakhe ezisebenza kahle ngayo...
Yini iSUV?
Abaningi, lapho bethenga i-SUV noma i-crossover, abakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwala magama amabili futhi, njengesiphetho, abakwazi ukuqonda injongo yangempela yemodeli ethile. I-crossover iyimodeli ekhethekile ehlukile ye-SUV. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zimoto ezimbili usezicini zobuchwepheshe nezakhiwo, uphethiloli osetshenzisiwe, kanye nobubanzi balezi zinhlobo. Imoto engekho emgwaqeni, eyaziwa nangokuthi imoto enqamula izwe, umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuyisebenzisa kunoma yimuphi umgwaqo, ikakhulukazi ongekho emgwaqeni, okungukuthi, lezo zindawo lapho kunezimoto eziningi kakhulu. Yebo, ingasetshenziswa futhi emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni, kodwa inzuzo isebenza ezimweni zomgwaqo ezinzima, njengesihlabathi, ukukhukhula kweqhwa, amasimu, nokunye okunjalo. I-crossover iyingxube yemoto yabagibeli ...
Injini enama-stroke amabili emotweni
Izwe lezimoto libone intuthuko enkulu kuma-powertrains. Ezinye zazo zaqalwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuthi umklami wayengenayo imali yokuthuthukisa inzalo yakhe. Ezinye zabonakala zingaphumeleli, ngakho intuthuko enjalo yayingenalo ikusasa elithembisayo. Ngaphezu kwenjini yakudala yomugqa noma efana ne-V, abakhiqizi bakhiqiza izimoto ezineminye imiklamo yamayunithi amandla. Ngaphansi kwe-hood yamanye amamodeli, umuntu angabona injini ye-Wankel, ibhokisi (noma ibhokisi), injini ye-hydrogen. Abanye abenzi bezimoto basengasebenzisa ama-powertrain angavamile kumamodeli abo. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinguquko, umlando uyazi motors eziningana yimpumelelo non-standard (kukhona isihloko ehlukile mayelana ezinye zazo). Manje ake sikhulume ngenjini enjalo cishe akekho noyedwa wabashayeli ...
Yini i-GPS navigator nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani?
Akekho umshayeli, osendaweni angayijwayele, ongathanda ukulahleka. Ngaphezu kwengcindezi eyengeziwe, ukuzama ukungena emzileni ofanele kuvame ukuholela ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli ngokweqile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhambo lweholide noma uhambo lwebhizinisi, udoti onjalo awufiseki kunoma yisiphi isikhwama semali somshayeli. Umgwaqo, ikakhulukazi ongajwayelekile, ungalungiselela ukumangala okungajabulisi kubashayeli ngendlela yemigodi emikhulu, ukujika okubukhali, ukushintshashintsha okunzima kanye nesiminyaminya sezimoto. Ukuze uzizwe uqiniseka kunoma iyiphi ithrekhi, abashayeli bezimoto bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bathenge i-GPS navigator. Cabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lwedivayisi, ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani futhi uyilungiselele kahle. Sizophinde sixoxe ngokuthi ukusebenza kwayo kuya ngokuthi imoto ikuphi. Iyini i-GPS navigator? Abashayeli bezimoto abaningi abasiboni isidingo setilosi, ngoba noma iyiphi yesimanje ...
Imilenze ye-Stabilizer: kuyini, indawo kanye nenqubo yokusebenza
Ayikho imoto yesimanje eshiya umugqa wokuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokuzinzisa. Lena imininingwane ebalulekile edingekayo ekusebenzeni kahle kokumiswa kwemoto. Ngaphambilini, sixoxile ngokuthi i-stabilizer bushings iyini, ukungasebenzi kahle kwayo, nokubaluleka kwalezi zakhi. Manje cabangela imininingwane, ebizwa ngokuthi i-stabilizer bar. Funda isibuyekezo esihlukile sendlela yokubuyisela ibha yokuzinzisa ku-VAZ 2108-99. Iyini i-stabilizer bar? Khumbula kafushane ukuthi kungani i-stabilizer idingeka. Uma imoto ihamba iqonde, umzimba wayo uhambisana nomgwaqo. Lapho nje iqala ukuphenduka, ngenxa yejubane, isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi imoto siya eceleni. Lokhu kudala ukuthi imoto igingqike. Njengoba lapho imoto inyakaziswa, umthwalo emasondweni usakazwa ngokungalingani, amathayi aqala ukulahlekelwa ukuxhumana ...
Xhumana nezinhlelo zokushisa, idivaysi, inqubo yokusebenza
Noma iyiphi imoto efakwe injini evuthayo yangaphakathi izoba nesistimu yokuthungela ku-electronics. Ukuze ingxube kaphethiloli we-athomu nomoya ku-cylinders ikwazi ukuvutha, ukukhishwa okuhloniphekile kuyadingeka. Kuye ngokuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi ye-on-board yemoto, lesi sibalo sifinyelela kuma-volts ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30. Amandla anjalo avelaphi uma ibhethri emotweni ikhiqiza ama-volts angu-12 kuphela? Isici esiyinhloko esenza le voltage ikhoyili yokuthungela. Imininingwane yokuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezikhona ichazwe ekubuyekezweni okuhlukile. Manje ake sigxile esimisweni sokusebenza kwesinye sezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokuthungela - ukuthintana (izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-SZ zichazwe lapha). Iyini isistimu yokuthungela imoto yesimanje Izimoto zesimanje zithole ugesi wohlobo lwebhethri. Isikimu sakhe simi kanje...
Yini ibhulokhi elithulile futhi lishintshwa nini
Amabhulokhi athule (okuzobizwa kamuva ngokuthi “s/b”) ayingxenye yokulengiswa, okungamabhuloki ensimbi amabili, phakathi kwawo okufakwe iraba. I-block ethule ixhuma izingxenye zokumiswa komunye nomunye, inciphisa ukudlidliza phakathi kwama-node. Amabhulokhi athule afaka isandla ekugibeleni okunethezekile ngenxa yokunwebeka kwenjoloba, esebenza njenge-damper phakathi kwezingxenye zokumiswa. Iyini ibhulokhi ethule kanye nenhloso yayo Amabhulokhi athule asebenza ukugwema ukuguqulwa kokumiswa kanye nezingxenye zomzimba. Bangabokuqala ukuthola ukushaqeka nokudlidliza, emva kwalokho badanjiswa ama-shock absorbers. Amabhulokhi athule nawo ahlukaniswe abe yizigaba ezilandelayo: ukuklama (nge-XNUMX, i-bushings emibili noma ngaphandle kwezakhi zensimbi); umthwalo wokuklama (ukufaka okuqinile kwe-elastic noma ngezimbobo); uhlobo lokukhweza (izihlahla noma umzimba onamalugs); ukuhamba (ukuhamba okuphakathi kanye "nokuntanta"); impahla (irabha noma i-polyurethane). Ngokwesakhiwo, amabhlogo angathuli ahluka phakathi...
Kuyini ukushayela kokugcina nokwehluka kwemoto
Liyini igiya eliyinhloko Igiya eliyinhloko iyunithi yokudlulisela yemoto, eguqula, isabalalise futhi idlulise i-torque emasondweni okushayela. Ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokuklama kanye negiya lepheya eyinhloko, izici zokugcina zokudonsa nesivinini ziyanqunywa. Kungani sidinga umehluko, ama-satellites, nezinye izingxenye ze-gearbox - sizocabangela ngokuqhubekayo. Isebenza kanjani Umgomo wokusebenza komehluko: ngenkathi imoto ihamba, ukusebenza kwenjini kuguqula i-torque enqwabelana ku-flywheel, futhi nge-clutch noma i-torque converter idluliselwa ku-gearbox, bese kuthi ngokusebenzisa i-cardan shaft noma igiya le-helical (i-front-wheel drive), ekugcineni isikhathi sidluliselwa kumapheya amakhulu namasondo. Isici esiyinhloko se-GP (i-main pair) isilinganiso segiya. Lo mqondo usho isilinganiso senani lamazinyo egiya eliyinhloko ku-shank noma ...
