Hlola amamodeli amahlanu asezingeni eliphakathi: umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu

I-BMW 2000 Tea, Ford 20 M XL 2300 S, Mercedes-Benz 230, NSU Ro 80, Opel Commodore 2500 S

Ngonyaka wenguquko we-1968, isivivinyo sokuqhathanisa esivusa amadlingozi sezimoto ezinhlanu ezihlonishwayo savela embonini yezimoto neyezemidlalo. Sinqume ukuphinda senze lokhu esikhumbulekayo.

Kwakungelula ukuqoqa lezi zimoto ezinhlanu - endaweni eyodwa nangesikhathi esisodwa. Njengokwenziwa kabusha kwefilimu, kube nokuchezuka kombhalo wangempela. Abathathu babalingisi abakhulu empeleni bangama-backups. I-Commodore ayikho kunguqulo ye-GS kodwa ku-base coupe ene-120 esikhundleni se-130 hp, i-ultra-rare 2000 tilux ayitholakali ndawo namuhla, ngakho-ke siqashe i-tii ene-130 esikhundleni se-120 hp. Noma woza, zama ukuthola i-20M RS P7a - bekufanele ishintshwe i-20M XL P7b, enenjini efanayo engu-2,3-litre ekhiqiza u-108 hp. ngaphandle komzamo obonakalayo. Futhi yebo, namuhla akuyona i-Le Mans noma i-Brittany, kodwa i-Landshut e-Lower Bavaria. Kodwa ihlobo libuyile futhi, njengango-1968, futhi ama-poppies aseqhakaza futhi emgwaqeni, njengoba ayekade ephakathi kweMayenne neFougères, engabonakali ezithombeni ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezivela ezinombolweni ezindala.

Kodwa-ke, i-NSU Ro 80 iyimodeli yakuqala enamapulagi amabili e-spark, amapayipi amabili okukhipha umoya kanye nama-carburetor amabili. Futhi nge-230 yethu endimeni ye-Mercedes / 8, ikhophi yochungechunge lokuqala ifakiwe, nakuba iye yathuthukiswa kaningi okuphikisanayo. Ngosizo lwezimoto ezinhlanu zaseJalimane, sikwazile ukudweba isithombe esicacile sansuku zonke sasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-60. Abantu abebeshayela i-Opel Olympia sebeshayela iCommodore, kanti lena eqale ngegilobhu yeTaunus isihlezi ku-20M entsha.

Imodeli yamasilinda ayisithupha eshibhe kakhulu endaweni okwakuyiJalimane yangaleso sikhathi ikumema ukuthi ukhuphukele kwisitebhisi sezenhlalo - ngokukhululeka okuthenjiswe isimangaliso somnotho waseJalimane ngokukhula okuzenzakalelayo okwakhelwe ngaphakathi okungamaphesenti amahlanu ngonyaka. Ngezinhlobo zabo ezithulile, zikanokusho ezingamasilinda ayisithupha, i-Opel neFord sezithathe indawo yalezo eziphumelele, iBMW - ngemuva kokuzifunela obala ukuthi ingobani - ivunyelwe ukuthi ibuyele kulo mdlalo, kanti iNSU - umkhiqizi wayizolo obenganakwa. izimoto ezincane - zishaqise zonke izinhlobo ezidumile ngemodeli yayo yohlobo lokuqala lokushayela ngamasondo angaphambili, umklamo wayo okhuthazayo njengesiteringi esinamandla, amabhuleki amadiski amane kanye ne-axle yangemuva etshekile.

Sesikushilo lokho, asikakasho lutho mayelana nenjini ye-Wankel entsha, ephikisana nayo yonke imibono: ama-piston amabili azungeza emhlanganweni ohlangene ngendlela emangalisayo futhi alethe i-115 hp ku-eccentric shaft yayo. - akukho ukudlidliza, ukuhahela isivinini esikhulu, ulaka futhi unethemba elikhulu ngempilo yesithuthuthu. Isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokusebenza sale njini evuthayo yangaphakathi efana ne-turbine - engena-valve, engenagiya, kodwa enama-stroke amane - ivalelisa ngesihluku kuma-pistons aphindayo enkathi yenjini yesitimu. Wonke umuntu wabe esegcwele injabulo ka-Wankel, ethenga ngamawala amalayisense ukuze avikele ikusasa (i-Mercedes engayibiza nge-C 111)—wonke umuntu ngaphandle kwe-BMW.

Amasilinda ayisithupha kuqhathaniswa noWankel

Njengoba isinde esigabeni sokucindezeleka okukhulu lapho izulazula phakathi kwe-Isetta ne-507, i-BMW isizitholele kabusha ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezemidlalo kwamamodeli ka-1800 no-2000. ukukhangisa kubizwa ngokuthi "isiphetho esithule sokudlidliza". Lokhu kwenza injini ye-Wankel ingadingeki kumkhiqizi waseMunich.

Kuzo zonke izici, kungaba ukugeleza okuqondile, ijika le-torque noma amandla, ingcono kakhulu kunenjini ye-Twin-rotor Wankel. I-tii yethu engu-2000 e-"Verona red" isekude kakhulu nokuphakama kwenjini iyonke ye-BMW enkulu, kodwa inamandla afanayo nama-2500, amasilinda amabili kuphela ngaphansi.

Ngenxa yokuxhaswa kwe-toning kohlelo lokujova uphethiloli we-Kugelfischer, injini ye-tii 130-litre ithuthukisa i-hp eyi-5800 ehloniphekile. Ku-2000 rpm Kuleli zinga lamandla, izimbangi zamasilinda ayisithupha ezivela kwa-Opel, Ford naseMercedes zidinga ukufuduswa okukhulu kakhulu. Kepha ngokubuka kwanamuhla, i-XNUMX tii ibukeka ilayishwe ngokweqile ngokuqhathanisa, njengokuthi idinga u-gearbox ohamba ngamajubane amahlanu. Idrayivu yayo ayihambisani njengaleyo yalabo ebincintisana nabo abane.

Namuhla, kuyamangaza ukuthi ngo-1968, ngenxa yokusebenza okuhle okuguquguqukayo kanye nezindleko eziphansi, inguqulo ye-carbureted ye-tilux ka-2000 yathatha indawo yokuqala endaweni yesigaba "Injini namandla". Imodeli ye-BMW ngokungangabazeki iyona espoti kunazo zonke ezimotweni ezinhlanu, ephinde iveze ukuthi iminyene, ibukeka iqinile enezici zase-Italy kanye nethrekhi ewumngcingo. Umsebenzi womzimba waklanywa uMichelotti ngaphandle kokuhlotshiswa okungadingekile, ngokwethembeka cishe kwaphakade kumajamo ahlanzekile we-trapezoidal - enkathini lapho abanye besadlala namaphiko emhlane.

Ngokungangabazeki, i-BMW 2000 iyimoto enhle enemininingwane eyenziwe ngothando; Uma kungenjalo, ingaphakathi layo elimnyama elisebenzayo liqedwa nge-veneer yokhuni yemvelo. Izinga lokwakha libukeka liqinile, i-New Class ithathwa njengemoto esezingeni eliphezulu ngempela, okungenani ngemuva kokuba imodeli iklanywe kabusha ngo-1968. Khona-ke indandatho ye-baroque yophondo iyanyamalala ku-cockpit, okuthandwayo kunikezwa kumadivayisi okulawula alula, amalunga kanye nemininingwane yomuntu ngamunye yenziwa. ngokukhulu ukukhuthala nokuvuthwa. Usahlezi okweCapra kule BMW, ibukeka kahle nhlangothi zonke, isiteringi esincanyana esikhulu sigoqwe ngesikhumba, kanti i-precise shifter ikulingana kahle esandleni sakho.

Le BMW akuyona eyabantu abafuna ukuphumula ngenkathi beshayela, kodwa eyabashayeli abanamabhongo. Isiteringi ngaphandle kokuqondisa kwamandla sisebenza ngqo, okujwayelekile kumkhiqizo naku-hypermodern 1962. I-tilt-strut ne-MacPherson strut undercarriage ihamba kanzima ngaphambili, kepha ayizizwa kahle. Ukuthambekela okubonakalayo kokudlula ngokweqile ngemuva kokuziphatha okungathathi hlangothi isikhathi eside ngejubane elikhulayo nakho kuyisici esiphikelelayo samamodeli we-hardcore BMW enkathi kaPaul Hahnemann.

IMercedes 230 noma iS-Class Breeze

Ummeleli weMercedes uziphatha ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele. Yize i-chassis yayo iphakanyiswe kancane kancane yaya ezingeni le-BMW ngama-tilting struts, ayikho into yezemidlalo nge-8 kanye nama-cylinder ayisithupha ayi-230. Ngiyavuma, kukude nobuthakathaka be-220 D ngenxa yamandla we-120 hp. Kepha i-230 ayimphikisi nakancane umshayeli, futhi ayithandi ukuphonselwa inselelo. Usebenzisa izinqolobane zakhe eziningi zokuphepha ku-chassis ukuze angajabulisi (yeka umqondo ocashile!), Kodwa kuphela njengecebo lokugcina kumaqhinga angazelelwe okugwema izithiyo.

Uma kungenjalo, i-230 ikhetha ukulandela isiqondiso esikhethiwe ngokuthula, ngokungakhathali nangokunethezeka. Inkanyezi engenhla kwerediyetha phambi kwamehlo akho ishintsha isiqondiso ngokunyakaza kwesandla esisodwa, kuyilapho enye ihlezi phezu kokusekelwa ngenxa yesiteringi samandla. Ukushintsha amagiya kuyinqubo eyisicefe, engenandaba futhi ayizweli, njengoba kunjalo kuwo wonke amamodeli akwaMercedes ngaphambi nangemuva / 8. Avumelana kakhulu ne-othomathikhi ngaphezulu. 230 ethokomele; ingaphambili libanzi kakhulu futhi liyamukelwa ukwedlula imodeli ye-BMW - isibonelo sangempela senhlalakahle, efaneleka kakhulu injini eshaya umlozi yamasilinda ayisithupha enomsindo weMercedes acoustics. Ngisho nasemncane kunayo yonke i-Mercedes-cylinder eyisithupha, umsindo wenjini ukhuluma ngokuchuma nokuzithoba, futhi ezinguqulweni ezine-cylinder - kunzima ukukhuphuka isitebhisi sezenhlalakahle. Kodwa-ke, le Mercedes ayiphikisani ngokuphelele nenjabulo. Izilawuli ezenziwe kahle zisenesitayela sezemidlalo se-SL esibheke phansi, i-inline-six ngaphansi kwesivalo sinokuma okuyisikhumbuzo samalitha amathathu, futhi ama-choke carburetor angamawele afakaza nge-Württemberg hedonism.

Lapho ama-wiper windshield edansa emvuleni njengamaphiko ovemvane, umshayeli / 8 angakwazi ukuzwa injabulo yangempela - uzizwa ephephile ngempela. Emarevs aphezulu, injini yamasilinda ayisithupha ngokwesakhiwo engakhanyi kangako izizwa ikhungathekile, ikhetha ukuhamba kancane ngo-120km/h futhi ivumela amashifu angaphambili. Akayena umsubathi, kodwa kunalokho uyisisebenzi esiqinile esinesifiso esincane sokudla ibhotela. Akushiwo - ngo-2015 i-8/1968 yaqhutshwa kahle njengango-XNUMX. Ngakho-ke, wabe esethatha indawo yokuqala - ngoba konke kwenzeka kuye njengokungathi ngokwako.

I-NSU Ro 80 nayo ikhululekile ngokuphawulekayo, isiteringi sikagesi, ukudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo okukhethiwe, ukuhamba okuningi kokumiswa kanye nezihlalo ezinjengezihlalo zengalo. Imoto yangempela yebanga elide engabonisa izinzuzo zokushayela kwayo okungajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi emzileni. Iyunithi ye-twin-rotor turbine ayithandi izinguquko ezivamile emithwalweni kanye nesivinini esiphansi, yandisa ukusetshenziswa kuze kufike kumalitha angu-20, ama-spark plugs amanzi futhi ibangele ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamapuleti okuvala. Ngesinye isikhathi enkampanini, igama elithi "ukushayela udokotela" lalifana nenjini enephutha engazange ihambe amakhilomitha angu-30. Futhi ngokungafani neMercedes, i-Wankel Ro 000 ivusa ukwesaba kokungaziwa; ukungabaza akupheli ngokushesha njengefu eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemva kokuqala injini efudumele.

Kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yomsindo ongajwayelekile - umsindo omkhulu, onjenge-stroke-two ongahlangene ngalutho nephimbo eliqinile elithembekile i-20M ne-Commodore abangamakhosi. Kuthiwani ngokuya eSicily namuhla? “Kulungile, sizogibela siphi isikebhe?” Kodwa-ke, i-Ro 80 kufanele ilunge ukuze ilethe injabulo futhi igcwalise lokho ukuma kwayo okukhangayo, okudalwe njengokungathi umsinga womoya ozayo, ikuthembisayo. I-automatic transmission ethokozisayo yamagiya amathathu ne-pulse evela ku-clutch ku-lever yegiya kufanele ishunwe kahle, iphampu yemitha kawoyela ku-carburetor kufanele isebenze kahle, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthungela, okwenziwa kahle kakhulu ngenhlansi ekhiqizwe ngogesi. Ngekhophi yethu yango-1969 ku-sepia metallic enhle, yonke into isebenza kahle, ngakho-ke asifuni ukuyiyeka.

Injini ye-KKM 612 ihamba ngesivinini ngemuva kokuqalisa igiya lesibili, ishesha kakhulu ngaphandle kokuhefuzela, ayibhemi, ihumuma ngaphezu kwe-4000 rpm, bese kuyisikhathi sesithathu, ukuguquguquka kwegiya akukaze kusindwe kakhulu, futhi i-hum iyaqhubeka kuze kufike ithuba lokuqala. Ukhulula i-mpintsha kancane, bese uyasheshisa futhi iRo 80 ihamba njengentambo.

NSU Ro 80 njengomsebenzi wobuciko

Idrayivu edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili kanye ne-long wheelbase iqinisekisa ukuphatha okuphephile ngendlela emangalisayo, amabhuleki ediski makhulu kakhulu, i-axle eshibilikayo esloping-beam iwumsebenzi wobuciko, futhi kukhona i-understeer encane kuphela uma ijika amakhona. Igiya lokuqala lidingeka kuphela lapho ukhuphuka noma lapho ufuna ukuthola izikhathi ezingcono kakhulu zokusheshisa, njengasezivivinyweni zokuqhathanisa ehlobo lika-1968.

IFord 20M enganele emoyeni ngokuphelele iphikisana ngokuphelele ne-NSU kuzo zombili izindlela nobuchwepheshe. Ukushintshana kwabaholi kuba yinto eshaqisayo emasikweni. I-vanguard yathathelwa indawo yiBiedermeier. Isiphetho sangaphambili esine-"Knudsen nose" ebanzi (njengoba uFord owayengumphathi owayebizwa kanjalo), njengaseLincoln kusuka ngo-1963, ngaphakathi kokugcwala okuthe xaxa kwezinkuni ze-XL, amadivayisi wokulawula abonakala elahlekile ngokudabukisayo kwenye indawo ku-Art Deco era. Kodwa ummeli wakwaFord, naye ongathandwa yilabo ababebahlola ngaphambili enguqulweni ye-RS esikiwe ngokulwa "nokubukeka kwakhe kwezemidlalo nemihlobiso engamanga", uthola ukuzwelana nabathintana kakhulu. Uyathandeka, akazenzi obalulekile futhi uzama ukudalula umklamo ocwebezelayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

IFord 20M enesifiso sempilo

Le moto ayiyona into ewubuntofontofo futhi ayiwuphathi kahle umgwaqo kodwa phambilini ozakwethu bebewuhlonipha umsebenzi wayo wokuguquguquka yize iqinile i-leaf-sprung axle yangemuva. Kwi-Ford 20M, uhlezi ngokunethezeka, ujabulela ukuhambisa i-shifter encane, ephakathi nendawo, ene-stroke yase-British. Futhi, injini ye-V6 ngaphansi kwesivalo eside inyenyeza ngendlela ekhangayo futhi izwakala ngokuthambile okusilika, futhi ngesivinini esikhulu nomsindo ovuthayo wepayipi. Futhi lena yishingamu engezwakali ukuthi ungangena egiyeni lesithathu. Eqinisweni, le P7 inomzimba omubi kunayo yonke kumakadebona amahlanu, kodwa lezi izimpawu zempi ezivela ekuphileni kweminyaka engama-45.

Ngokungafani nokubukeka kwakhe, ugibele ibhayisikili laphezulu ngempela. Akudingeki ukusho, i-Ro 80 kulesi simo ngeke ikwazi ukuvutha nhlobo. Imodeli ye-Ford kuphela, naphezu kweminyaka eminingi evulekile, ibonisa inkanuko engapheli yokuphila. Amabhuleki, isondo lokuqondisa, i-chassis - konke kuhamba kahle, akukho lutho olungqongqozayo, akukho misindo engaphandle eyonakalisa isimo sengqondo. Imoto ithuthukisa i-120 km / h ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi ithule kunomoya ovunguzayo kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza. Incane engu-108bhp, ephansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto uqobo lwayo, ayibonakali neze kahle - i-20M ibonakala inamandla ukudlula imodeli yakwaMercedes, futhi inamandla ukudlula i-Opel Commodore, esemoyeni. Inguqulo ye-Fastback. i-coupe iheha ngohlu lwayo lwamabhodlela e-Coca-Cola

I-Opel Commodore ngesitayela saseMelika

I-Opel yezemidlalo, egobile izwakala njengenguqulo encane "yemoto kabhotela" yaseMelika enophahla lwe-vinyl, amafasitela aseceleni avaleleke ngokuphelele, isiteringi sezemidlalo esikhuluma nge-aluminium, kanye ne-T-bar eqinile. Kubonakala sengathi iphethe okungenani "ibhulokhi enkulu" engu-6,6-litre. Ngokungangabazeki, enguqulweni yayo evamile engu-2,5-litre ene-120 hp. I-Commodore i-sexy ngokwanele ukuthi igama lizwakala "lipholile".

Uma singakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-Mercedes yamasilinda ayisithupha njenge-saloon ekhululekile, lokhu kuyiqiniso nakakhulu imodeli ye-Opel. Ngokubanzi, izihlalo eziphakeme lapho uhlala khona ujule, shintsha i-lever uyibeke ku-D bese ulalela iphimbo elimnandi lenjini engu-six cylinder ngaphambili, amarejista acishe awahlukanise nalawo eFord. Futhi ummeli wakwa-Opel akasoze akukulinga ukuba uhambe ngesivinini esikhulu; Ihlanganisa ngokugcwele umqondo we-casual boulevard coupe - amafasitela agoqekile, indololwane yesokunxele ephumayo kanye no-Miles Davis omncane ovela kusiqophamazwi. I-"Sketches of Spain" yakhe ihlangana nomsindo wenjini enamasilinda ayisithupha, ngeshwa ependwe mnyama.

Ushintsho lomholi

Ngaleso sikhathi, ophumelele kunqunywa amaphuzu, futhi lena yi-Mercedes 230. Namuhla singasakaza enye - futhi ababili bokuqala esilinganisweni sabo bashintshile izindawo. I-NSU Ro 80 iyinqola okuthi, ngomlingiswa wayo omangalisayo womhlaba, ukuma kwayo okuhle nokuziphatha komgwaqo, ivusa isasasa elikhulu. IMercedes eyisix-cylinder ithatha indawo yesibili ngenxa yokuthi ikhombisa ubuthakathaka ekuhlolweni kwemizwa. Kodwa ngesimo sokunyenyeza emvuleni 230 nabaqaphi behlanza uvemvane, angakwazi ukuzuza izinhliziyo.

isiphetho

Umhleli u-Alf Kremers: Kunjalo, engimkhethile nguRo. Mancane amathuba okuthi iRo 80 akuyona imoto ethandwa kakhulu. Umumo kanye ne-chassis kungaphambi kwesikhathi sakho - futhi ukushayela akwenzeki ngendlela ethandwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Imodeli yakwaFord ivusa imizwa enamandla, sahlukana kudala neP7, manje isiphinde yafika kimina. I-V6 yakhe ithule ngendlela emangalisayo, ivumelana futhi izwakala kahle. Ungasho kanjani: ungakhathazeki ngalutho.

Umbhalo: Alf Kremers

Isithombe: Rosen Gargolov

"Ezinhlanu ezinezimangalo" ku-AMS ka-1968

Lesi sivivinyo sokuqhathanisa esiyinganekwane samamodeli amahlanu avela esigabeni esiphezulu esimaphakathi kumagazini we-auto motor und sport siveza isistimu yokulinganisa enemininingwane esasebenza. Ihlukaniswe yaba izinombolo ezimbili, okuyinto ngokungangabazeki ikhulisa izinga le-voltage elihlobene nokuphuma kokugcina. Ukushayela ngokuqhathanisa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokungavamile nokuthatha isikhathi kwenzeka eFrance. Okuhlosiwe umzila wesifunda e-Le Mans nasesifundeni saseBrittany. Ingxenye yesibili yokukhishwa kwe-15/1968 inesihloko esithi "Ukunqoba Kanzima" - futhi ngempela, ngamaphuzu amabili kuphela ngaphambi kwe-NSU Ro 80 yamavukelambuso, i-Mercedes 230 eklanyelwe ithatha indawo yokuqala (amaphuzu angu-285). Indawo yesithathu ilandela iBMW 2000 tilux ngamaphuzu angu-276, ilandelwe yiFord 20M kanye ne-Opel Commodore GS ngamaphuzu angu-20 kuBMW. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-20M 2600 S ene-125 hp. ngabe ifaneleka kakhulu kunenguqulo engu-2,3-litre futhi inqamule ibanga ukuya kwiBMW.

imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe

I-BMW 2000 tii, i-E118	I-Ford 20M XL 2300 S, P7B	IMercedes-Benz 230, W 114	I-NSU Ro80	I-Opel Commodore Coupe 2500 S, imodeli A
Ukusebenza kwevolumu	1990 cc	2293 cc	2292 cc	2 x 497,5 cc	2490 cc
Amandla	130 ks (96 kW) ngo-5800 rpm	108 ks (79 kW) ngo-5100 rpm	120 ks (88 kW) ngo-5400 rpm	115 ks (85 kW) ngo-5500 rpm	120 ks (88 kW) ngo-5500 rpm
Ubukhulu torque	179 Nm ngo-4500 rpm	182 Nm ngo-3000 rpm	179 Nm ngo-3600 rpm	158 Nm ngo-4000 rpm	172 Nm ngo-4200 rpm
Ukusheshisa 0-100 km / h	I-10,8 s	I-11,8 s	I-13,5 s	I-12,5 s	I-12,5 s
Amabhuleki amabhuleki ngejubane lika-100 km / h	akukho datha	akukho datha	akukho datha	akukho datha	akukho datha
Максимальная скорость	I-185 km / h	I-175 km / h	I-175 km / h	I-180 km / h	I-175 km / h
Ukusetshenziswa okumaphakathi uphethiloli esivivinyweni	12,8 l / 100 km	13,5 l / 100 km	13,5 l / 100 km	14 l / 100 km	12,5 l / 100 km
Intengo Base	Amamaki ayi-13 (000)	Amamaki angu-9645 (1968)	akukho datha	Amamaki ayi-14 (150)	Amamaki ayi-10 (350)