Idivayisi yenjini
I-valve yokungena
Kulolu shicilelo sizokhuluma ngama-valve okungenisa nawokukhipha, nokho, ngaphambi kokungena emininingwaneni, sizobeka lezi zakhi kumongo ukuze siqonde kangcono. Injini idinga indlela yokusabalalisa amagesi abambayo kanye ne-exhaust, ukulawula nokuwahambisa ngobuningi ukuya endaweni eningi yokudonsa, igumbi lokuvutha kanye ne-exhaust eningi. Lokhu kufezwa ngochungechunge lwezindlela ezakha uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi ukusatshalaliswa. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi idinga ingxube ye-fuel-air, okuthi, lapho isha, ishayele izindlela zenjini. Ku-multifold, umoya uyahlungwa futhi uthunyelwe endaweni eningi yokuthatha, lapho ingxube kaphethiloli ibalwa ngamasistimu afana ne-carburetor noma umjovo. Ingxube eqediwe ingena ekamelweni elivuthayo, lapho leli gesi lishisa khona futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, liguqula amandla okushisa abe amandla omshini. Ngemva kokuqeda…
Iyini ibhulokhi yenjini?
Iyini ibhulokhi yenjini (futhi yenzani)? Ibhulokhi yenjini, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cylinder block, iqukethe zonke izingxenye ezinkulu ezakha ingxenye engaphansi yenjini. Lapha i-crankshaft iyazungeza, futhi ama-piston ehla enyuka kuma-cylinder bores, abaswa ukusha kukaphethiloli. Kweminye imiklamo yenjini, iphinde ibambe i-camshaft. Ivamise ukwenziwa nge-aluminium alloy ezimotweni zesimanje, ngokuvamile ezenziwe ngensimbi ezimotweni ezindala namaloli. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwensimbi kuyinikeza amandla kanye nekhono lokudlulisa kahle ukushisa kusuka ezinqubweni zomlilo kuya ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lokupholisa. I-aluminium block ngokuvamile ine-iron bushing ecindezelwe ye-piston bores noma i-coating ekhethekile eqinile esetshenziselwa ama-bores ngemva komshini. Ekuqaleni, ibhulokhi kwakuyibhulokhi yensimbi nje ebambe amabhore angama-cylinder,…
i-valve spring
Iyini i-valve spring futhi isebenza kanjani? Kungenzeka ukuthi ujwayelene nendlela isiphethu se-valve esisebenza ngayo ukunika amandla injini yemoto yakho, kodwa lezi ziphethu nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile emhlabeni wobunjiniyela basolwandle. Uma nje iziphethu zikwazi ukugcina ingcindezi edingekayo, zizokusiza ukuthi ugweme ukwehluleka kwenjini okungazelelwe kanye nokulimala. Ngamafuphi, asiza ukugcina ama-valve akho asebenza kahle. Kodwa kungaphezu kwalokho. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde ngezinkinga i-valve yasentwasahlobo ingasiza ekuvimbeleni, ufunde ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-valve entwasahlobo, futhi uqonde ukuthi ungaziqaphela kanjani izimpawu ezivamile zenkinga. Yenzani ama-valve springs? Okokuqala, ake sixoxe ngendima edlalwa yi-valve spring emhlabeni wasolwandle. I-valve spring ibekwe eduze kwesiqu se-valve...
Ukulungiswa kwenjini: amandla amaningi, ukusetshenziswa okuncane, ukusebenza okungcono!
Izinjini zezimoto ezintsha zasefekthri zilinganiselwe ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla aphakathi nendawo. Uma ufuna ukwenza imoto yakho isebenze kahle futhi yenze kangcono, ukushuna injini kuyinto ehlakaniphile ongayenza. Maningi amathuba. Amazinga okushisa ase-Arctic, njengokushisa kwasogwadule, awavamile e-Europe, ngakho-ke izilungiselelo eziningi ezizenzakalelayo azinamsebenzi. Ngalokhu kulinganisa, abakhiqizi benza ukuvumelana phakathi kokusebenza nempilo yesevisi ngokulungiswa okuncane. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho: badla ukusebenza okungabuyiselwa emotweni ngosizo lochwepheshe. Onjiniyela kufanele bacabangele zonke izimo zezulu ezingase zibe khona. Izinhlobo zokulungisa i-Tuning azikhawulelwe ekungeneleleni kwemishini enjinini, yize yonke into yake yaqala lapho ngokulungiswa kabusha kwama-turbo booster, ama-compressor, umjovo we-nitrous oxide, njll. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe idale amathuba amasha okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezimoto. Okwamanje...
Injini enama-stroke amabili emotweni
Izwe lezimoto libone intuthuko enkulu kuma-powertrains. Ezinye zazo zaqalwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuthi umklami wayengenayo imali yokuthuthukisa inzalo yakhe. Ezinye zabonakala zingaphumeleli, ngakho intuthuko enjalo yayingenalo ikusasa elithembisayo. Ngaphezu kwenjini yakudala yomugqa noma efana ne-V, abakhiqizi bakhiqiza izimoto ezineminye imiklamo yamayunithi amandla. Ngaphansi kwe-hood yamanye amamodeli, umuntu angabona injini ye-Wankel, ibhokisi (noma ibhokisi), injini ye-hydrogen. Abanye abenzi bezimoto basengasebenzisa ama-powertrain angavamile kumamodeli abo. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinguquko, umlando uyazi motors eziningana yimpumelelo non-standard (kukhona isihloko ehlukile mayelana ezinye zazo). Manje ake sikhulume ngenjini enjalo cishe akekho noyedwa wabashayeli ...
Xhumana nezinhlelo zokushisa, idivaysi, inqubo yokusebenza
Noma iyiphi imoto efakwe injini evuthayo yangaphakathi izoba nesistimu yokuthungela ku-electronics. Ukuze ingxube kaphethiloli we-athomu nomoya ku-cylinders ikwazi ukuvutha, ukukhishwa okuhloniphekile kuyadingeka. Kuye ngokuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi ye-on-board yemoto, lesi sibalo sifinyelela kuma-volts ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30. Amandla anjalo avelaphi uma ibhethri emotweni ikhiqiza ama-volts angu-12 kuphela? Isici esiyinhloko esenza le voltage ikhoyili yokuthungela. Imininingwane yokuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezikhona ichazwe ekubuyekezweni okuhlukile. Manje ake sigxile esimisweni sokusebenza kwesinye sezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokuthungela - ukuthintana (izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-SZ zichazwe lapha). Iyini isistimu yokuthungela imoto yesimanje Izimoto zesimanje zithole ugesi wohlobo lwebhethri. Isikimu sakhe simi kanje...
Isilawuli se-Alternator: Indima, Ukusebenza kanye noGuquko
I-alternator regulator ingxenye kagesi ye-alternator. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhishwa, ukugcwala kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile kwebhethri akufakiwe. Ngempela, isetshenziselwa ukugcina i-voltage yebhethri. Inamathiselwe ku-generator futhi ingashintshwa ngokwayo uma ihluleka. ⚙️ Yini isilawuli sejeneretha? I-alternateur yemoto yakho ikuvumela ukuthi ushaje ibhethri. Iphehla ugesi ukuze ibe namandla futhi ngaleyo ndlela igcine izinto zikagesi zemoto yakho zisebenza. I-Le regulator iyingxenye ye-alternator. Indima yesilawuli se-alternator ukugcina amandla kagesi ebhethri futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukukhipha ibhethri kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile okungenzeka. Ekugcineni, isilawuli se-alternator sivimbela ibhethri ekushajweni ngokweqile. Ngempela, i-generator ihlale iqhutshwa yibhande le-accessory. Uma ibhethri ligcwele...
Liyini iloli lokuthwala, izinzuzo nobubi
Edolobheni, iloli elithwalayo cishe ngeke libonakale. Ayisetshenziswa futhi isihloko sithi kungani. Kodwa ngaphandle kwamadolobha noma phakathi nohambo, ama-pickup azohlangana njalo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iveni akuyona i-SUV, kodwa imoto ehlukile enomlando wayo. Liyini iloli? Lena imoto esebenzayo, emi phakathi kweloli neSUV. Ihluke kokugcina ngentengo ephansi, ezuzisa kakhulu abathengi baseRussia nabangaphandle. Kukholakala ukuthi iveni yokuqala yadalwa ngeminyaka yama-20s ekhulwini lama-20 eNyakatho Melika. Umdali kwakunguFord, futhi imoto yayibizwa ngokuthi iFord T futhi yayibhekwa njengemoto yomlimi. Ngemuva kwakhe kwakukhona...
Injini kaphethiloli: idivaysi, inqubo yokusebenza, izinzuzo nezinkinga
Ukuze imoto ikwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela, kufanele ifakwe iyunithi yamandla ezokhiqiza i-torque futhi idlulisele la mandla emasondweni okushayela. Ngenxa yale njongo, abadali bezindlela zomshini benze injini evuthayo yangaphakathi noma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Umgomo wokusebenza kweyunithi ukuthi ekwakhiweni kwayo kushiswa ingxube kaphethiloli nomoya. Injini iklanyelwe ukusebenzisa amandla akhishwe kule nqubo ukuze ijikeleze amasondo. Ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto yesimanje, kungafakwa uphethiloli, udizili noma amandla kagesi. Kulesi sibuyekezo, sizogxila ekuguqulweni kukaphethiloli: ukuthi iyunithi isebenza kanjani, iyiphi idivayisi enayo, kanye nezinye izincomo ezisebenzayo zokuthi unganweba kanjani impilo yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Iyini injini yemoto kaphethiloli Okokuqala, ake sibhekane namagama. ...
Injini ye-Wankel - idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwemoto ye-RPD
Kuwo wonke umlando wemboni yezimoto, kube nezixazululo eziningi ezithuthukile, imiklamo yezingxenye kanye nemihlangano ishintshile. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-30 edlule, imizamo esebenzayo yaqala ukugudluzela injini ye-piston eceleni, inikeze inzuzo enjini ye-Wankel rotary piston. Nokho, ngenxa yezimo eziningi, ama-rotary motors awazange alithole ilungelo lawo lokuphila. Funda ngakho konke lokhu ngezansi. Isebenza kanjani Irotha inomumo ongunxantathu, enomumo oyiconvex ohlangothini ngalunye, osebenza njengepiston. Ehlangothini ngalunye lwe-rotor kukhona ama-recesses akhethekile anikeza isikhala esiningi sengxube ye-fuel-air, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise isivinini sokusebenza kwenjini. Ingaphezulu lobuso lifakwe i-baffle encane yokuvala eyenza kube lula ukukhishwa kwesilinganiso ngasinye. Ezinhlangothini zombili, i-rotor ifakwe izindandatho zokuvala ezakha udonga lwamakamelo. Imaphakathi ne-rotor ifakwe amazinyo, ...
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-viscous fan: idivayisi, ukungasebenzi kahle nokulungiswa
Noma iyiphi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi idinga isistimu yokupholisa yekhwalithi. Lokhu kungenxa yesimo somsebenzi wakhe. Ingxube yomoya nophethiloli ishiswa ngaphakathi kwamasilinda, okuvela kuwo isilinda, ikhanda, i-exhaust system nezinye izinhlelo eziseduze zishise kuze kufike emazingeni okushisa abucayi, ikakhulukazi uma injini ine-turbocharged (funda ngokuthi kungani i-turbocharger isemotweni nokuthi kanjani iyasebenza, funda lapha). Nakuba lezi zakhi zenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa, zisadinga ukupholiswa (uma zishiswa kakhulu, zingakhubaza futhi zande). Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-automakers athuthukise izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokupholisa ezikwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lemoto (lokho le pharamitha okufanele ichazwe kwesinye isihloko). Enye yezingxenye zanoma iyiphi isistimu yokupholisa ifeni. Idivayisi ngokwayo...
Uhlelo lwe-VTEC lwenjini yemoto
Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zezimoto zihlala zithuthuka, onjiniyela bazama "ukukhipha" amandla aphezulu kanye ne-torque, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukukhulisa umthamo wamasilinda. Onjiniyela bezimoto baseJapan baduma ngenxa yokuthi izinjini zabo zasemkhathini, emuva kuma-90s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, zathola amandla amahhashi ayi-1000 kusuka kumthamo we-100 cm³. Sikhuluma ngezimoto zakwaHonda ezaziwayo ngezinjini zamatorque ikakhulukazi ngenxa yohlelo lwe-VTEC. Ngakho, esihlokweni sizobhekana ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyini i-VTEC, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, isimiso sokusebenza nezici zokuklama. Iyini i-VTEC Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control system, ehunyushwa olimini lwesiRashiya, njengohlelo lokulawula lwe-elekthronikhi ngesikhathi sokuvula kanye nokuphakama kokuphakama kwe-valve yokusabalalisa igesi. Ngamazwi alula, kuwuhlelo loshintsho...
Injini valve. Inhloso, idivayisi, ukwakheka
Ukuze injini evuthayo yangaphakathi enemivimbo emine yanoma iyiphi imoto isebenze, idivayisi yayo ihlanganisa izingxenye eziningi ezihlukene nezindlela ezivumelaniswa enye nenye. Phakathi kwezinqubo ezinjalo - isikhathi. Umsebenzi wawo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngesikhathi kwesikhathi se-valve. Okuyikho kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe lapha. Ngamafuphi, indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ivula i-valve yokukhipha / yokukhipha ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kwenqubo lapho kwenziwa ukushaywa okuthile kusilinda. Kwezinye izimo, zombili izimbobo kudingeka zivalwe, kwezinye, eyodwa noma zombili zivulekile. Ake sibhekisise imininingwane eyodwa esivumela ukuthi sizinze le nqubo. Lona i-valve. Buyini ubungqabavu bokuklanywa kwayo, futhi isebenza kanjani? Iyini i-valve yenjini Nge-valve ichazwa ...
Luyini uhlelo lweMotronic?
Ukuze injini isebenze kahle ngesivinini esihlukene kanye nemithwalo, kuyadingeka ukusabalalisa kahle ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli, umoya, futhi ushintshe isikhathi sokuthungela. Ezinjini ezindala ze-carbureted, akunakwenzeka ukufeza ukunemba okunjalo. Futhi uma kwenzeka ushintsho ekushiseni, inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthuthukisa i-camshaft izodingeka (lolu hlelo luchazwe ngaphambili). Ngokufika kwezinhlelo zokulawula ze-elekthronikhi, kwaba nokwenzeka ukushuna kahle ukusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Olunye uhlelo olunjalo lwasungulwa nguBosch ngo-1979. Igama layo iMotronic. Cabangela ukuthi iyini, isebenza kusiphi isimiso, futhi iziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zayo. Idivayisi ye-Motronic system i-Motronic iwukuguqulwa kwesistimu yomjovo kaphethiloli, nayo ngesikhathi esifanayo ekwazi ukulawula ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa. ...
Iphampu yokulekelela nepompo kaphethiloli: ukusebenza
Iphampu yokuqalisa iyiphampu esetshenziselwa ukubuyisela uphethiloli ethangini, ngokuvamile elitholakala kude kakhulu negumbi lenjini. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalo lonke uhlelo lukaphethiloli vakashela lapha. I-booster / futha futha iqukethe injini yokudonsa, isihlungi kanye nesilawuli sokucindezela. Umhwamuko wamafutha awusathunyelwa emoyeni, kodwa uqoqwa ku-canister (ngaphandle kokulungiswa). Lezi zihwamuko zingabuyiselwa ekuthatheni komoya ukuze kuqalwe ngcono, konke kulawulwa yikhompyutha. Indawo Iphampu ye-booster, ebizwa nangokuthi i-fuel fuel kanye nepompo engaphansi kwamanzi, iyipompo esebenza ngogesi evame ukutholakala ethangini likaphethiloli lemoto. Le futha ye-booster ixhunywe ngepayipi empompini yamafutha omfutho ophezulu etholakala enjinini. Iphampu yokuphakamisa nayo ixhunywe ku...
Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwe-valve mpintsha
I-throttle valve ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zesistimu yokuthatha yenjini yangaphakathi evuthayo. Emotweni, itholakala phakathi kwe-multifold intake kanye nesihlungi somoya. Ezinjinini zedizili, i-throttle ayidingeki, noma kunjalo, isafakwa ezinjinini zesimanje uma kwenzeka ukusebenza okuphuthumayo. Isimo siyefana nangezinjini zikaphethroli uma zinesistimu yokulawula i-valve lift. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-valve ye-throttle ukuhlinzeka nokulawula ukugeleza komoya okudingekile ukuze kwakhiwe ingxube ye-air-fuel. Ngakho-ke, ukuzinza kwezindlela zokusebenza zenjini, izinga lokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nezici zemoto iyonke kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-damper. Idivayisi ye-throttle Ngokombono ongokoqobo, i-throttle valve iyi-valve yokudlula. Esimweni esivulekile, ingcindezi ohlelweni lokuthatha ilingana ne-atmospheric. Njengo...
