Ukudluliswa kwemoto
I-Haldex idonsa ngamasondo onke
Abakhiqizi bezimoto bangeza izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezengeziwe emshinini wemoto yesimanje. Ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo nokudluliselwa kwemoto akuzange kudlule. Ama-elekthronikhi avumela izindlela nawo wonke amasistimu ukuthi asebenze ngokunembe kakhudlwana futhi aphendule ngokushesha kakhulu ekushintsheni kwezimo zokusebenza. Imoto efakwe wonke amasondo izoba nomshini onesibopho sokudlulisa ingxenye ye-torque ku-axle yesibili, okuyenza ibe ehamba phambili. Ngokuya ohlotsheni lwemoto nokuthi onjiniyela bayixazulula kanjani inkinga yokuxhuma wonke amasondo, ukuhanjiswa kungahlonywa ukuhluka okulinganiselwe (ukuthi uyini umehluko nokuthi usebenza kanjani uchazwe ekubuyekezweni okuhlukile) noma i-multi-plate clutch. , ongafunda ngakho ngokwehlukana. Encazelweni yemodeli yokushayela wonke amasondo, umqondo wokuhlanganisa i-Haldex ungaba khona. Yena…
Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwesiguquli se-torque yesimanje
I-converter yokuqala ye-torque yavela eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule. Njengoba seyenziwe izinguquko eziningi kanye nokuthuthukiswa, le ndlela ephumelelayo yokudlulisa i-torque ngokushelelayo manje isisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zobunjiniyela bemishini, futhi imboni yezimoto iyafana. Ukushayela imoto sekulula kakhulu futhi kukhululekile, kusukela manje asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa i-clutch pedal. Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwesiguquli se-torque, njengakho konke okuhlakaniphile, kulula kakhulu. Indaba yomsuka Umgomo wokudlulisa i-torque ngokuphindaphinda uketshezi phakathi kwama-impeller amabili ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuqinile wanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi ngunjiniyela waseJalimane u-Hermann Fettinger ngo-1905. Amadivayisi asebenza ngesisekelo salesi simiso abizwa ngokuthi i-fluid coupling. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kwakudinga abaklami ukuthi bathole indlela yokudlulisa kancane kancane i-torque kusuka enjini ye-steam ukuya emkhunjini omkhulu ...
Okuzenzakalelayo noma umakhenikha: yikuphi okungcono
Lapho ukhetha imoto entsha, uhlobo luka-gearbox olufakwe kuyo ludlala indima ebalulekile. Kuze kube manje, wonke ama-transmission asetshenzisiwe angahlukaniswa abe yi-othomathikhi kanye ne-manual. Iluphi uhlobo ngalunye lwebhokisi lamagiya, yiziphi izici ezinhle nezingezinhle? Yikuphi kwalokhu okudluliswayo okuzogcina kuba ngcono? Sizohlaziya lezi zindaba esihlokweni. Mechanical: enokwethenjelwa futhi iyonga I-transmission manual ingenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zama-transmission. Lapha, umshayeli uhileleke ngokuqondile ekukhethweni kokudlulisela. Ukushintsha amagiya kwenziwa umshayeli esebenzisa umshini wokukhetha igiya nama-synchronizer, yingakho ukudlulisa kubizwa nge-manual transmission. Ukunyakaza kuvame ukuqala ngegiya lokuqala, bese kukhethwa amagiya alandelayo kubhekwa isivinini samanje, isivinini senjini kanye nomgwaqo ...
Irobhothi noma umshini ozenzakalelayo: yiliphi ibhokisi elingcono
Uma kuze kube muva nje, abashayeli bezimoto, lapho bekhetha imoto, bangathembela kuphela kuma-othomathikhi noma umakhenikha, namuhla uhla lokukhetha luye lwanda kakhulu. Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yezimoto, sekuqalile ukusetshenziswa ugesi wesizukulwane esisha, njenge-robotic gearbox kanye ne-variator. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-robotic gearbox kanye ne-automatic transmission, futhi yikuphi ukuhanjiswa okungcono (okuzenzakalelayo noma i-robotic) okudingekayo ukuze wonke umthengi wemoto akwazi. Ukukhetha umshayeli azogcina ekwenzile kuncike kulokhu. Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo Isisekelo se-automatic transmission i-torque converter, isistimu yokulawula kanye ne-gearbox yeplanethi ngokwayo eneqoqo lama-clutches namagiya. Lo mklamo womshini uwuvumela ukuthi ushintshe isivinini ngokuzimela kuye ngesivinini senjini, ukulayisha kanye nemodi yokushayela. Ukuhlanganyela komshayeli akudingeki lapha. Lo mshini ufakwe ezimotweni nasemalolini...
Izinhlobo zokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo
Imboni yezimoto ithuthukisa ngokushesha ukuklama kwezingxenye eziyinhloko kanye nemihlangano, yenza ukuphila kube lula kubashayeli futhi ithuthukise izici zobuchwepheshe zezimoto. Izimoto zesimanje ziyanda eziyeka ukuthunyelwa ngesandla, zishiya ukukhetha okusha futhi okuthuthuke kakhulu: i-othomathikhi, i-robotic ne-CVT. Kulesi sihloko, sizocabangela izinhlobo zama-gearbox, ukuthi zihluke kanjani komunye nomunye, ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, isimiso sokusebenza kanye nezinga lokuthembeka. I-Hydraulic "automatic": i-classic ngendlela yayo ehlanzekile I-hydraulic automatic transmission ingukhokho wezwe lokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokuphuma kwabo. Ukuthunyelwa kokuqala okuzenzakalelayo kwakuyi-hydromechanical, yayingenawo "ubuchopho", yayingenazo izinyathelo ezine, kodwa ayizange ibambe ukwethembeka. Okulandelayo, onjiniyela bethula ukudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-hydraulic okuthuthukisiwe, okubuye kudume ngokuthembeka kwayo, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kusekelwe ekufundeni okuningi ...
Ukwakheka kanye nomgomo wokusebenza kwe-Multitronic gearbox
Ukuze noma iyiphi imoto iqale ukuhamba, kuyadingeka ukudlulisa kahle i-torque ekhiqizwa injini emasondweni okushayela emoto. Ngale njongo, kukhona ukudluliselwa. Idivayisi evamile, kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwalesi simiso somshini, kuxoxwa ngaso kwesinye isihloko. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, iningi labashayeli babengenakho ukukhetha okungako: abakhiqizi bezimoto babanikezile ngokuzenzela noma ngokuzenzakalelayo. Namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo zokudlulisela. Into esemqoka ohlelweni u-gearbox. Le yunithi ihlinzeka ngokusuka kwamandla okulungile enjini, futhi idlulisela ukunyakaza okujikelezayo emasondweni okushayela. Ngokuya ngokuguqulwa kwe-gearbox, ingasebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwamandla noma ngokunqanyulwa ngezikhathi ezithile / ukuxhumeka kwebhokisi le-gearbox kanye ne-motor yokushintsha igiya. Ukuguqulwa okuvamile...
Isakhiwo nomgomo wokusebenza kokudluliswa kwe-Easytronic
Ngokukhululwa kwesizukulwane esisha ngasinye sezimoto, abakhiqizi bethula ubuchwepheshe obuningi futhi obusha emikhiqizweni yabo. Ezinye zazo zandisa ukuthembeka kwezinhlelo ezithile zezimoto, ezinye zenzelwe ukwandisa ukunethezeka ohlelweni lokushayela imoto. Futhi ezinye ziyathuthukiswa ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuphepha okuphezulu okusebenzayo nokungenzi lutho kuwo wonke umuntu osemotweni ngenkathi eshayela. Ukudluliswa kwemoto nakho kungaphansi kwezibuyekezo eziqhubekayo. Abakhiqizi bezimoto bazama ukuthuthukisa ukushintshwa kwamagiya, ukuthembeka komshini, futhi bakhulise impilo yayo yokusebenza. Phakathi kwezinguquko ezihlukahlukene ze-gearbox, kukhona umshini kanye ne-othomathikhi (umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezizenzakalelayo zokudlulisela kuxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni esihlukile). Uhlobo oluzenzakalelayo lwama-gearbox lwathuthukiswa ngokuyinhloko njengento yohlelo lokududuza, ngoba uzakwabo wemishini usenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ...
Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwe-clutch ekweqile
Idivayisi yezinye izindlela zemoto ihlanganisa i-clutch overrunning. Ikakhulukazi, iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-generator. Manje ake sigxile ukuthi hlobo luni lomshini, ukuthi iyiphi isimiso esizosebenza, hlobo luni lokuqhekeka olunakho, nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-clutch entsha. Iyini ijeneretha yamasondo amahhala Ngaphambi kokuthi uthole ukuthi kungani le ngxenye eyisipele ikujeneretha, udinga ukuphenya kancane kumatemu. Njengoba insizakalo eyaziwa kakhulu ye-Wikipedia ichaza, i-freewheel iyindlela ekuvumela ukuthi udlulise i-torque kusuka ku-shaft eyodwa kuya kwenye. Kodwa uma i-shaft eqhutshwayo iqala ukujikeleza ngokushesha kune-drive, amandla awagelezi ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ukuguqulwa okulula kwalezi zindlela kusetshenziswa emabhayisikili (amahlanu afakwe ekwakhiweni kwesondo elingemuva noma ...
Isakhiwo nomgomo wokusebenza kokudluliswa kwePowershift
Ukuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kokushayela, abakhiqizi bezimoto benza amasistimu ahlukene. Phakathi kokunye, kunakwa kakhulu ekudluliseni. Namuhla, ukukhathazeka okuhlukahlukene kuye kwasungula inombolo enkulu yokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo. Uhlu luhlanganisa okuhlukile, irobhothi, nomshini ozishintshayo (okuningi ngokuthi yiziphi izinguquko okungaba nazo ukudlulisa kuchazwe kwenye indatshana). Ngo-2010, abakwaFord bethula umshini omusha ozishintshayo emakethe, abawubiza ngePowershift. Eminyakeni emibili nje kuqale ukukhiqizwa kwalo gearbox, abathengi bezinhlobo zezimoto ezintsha baqala ukuthola izikhalo mayelana nokungasebenzeki kahle komshini. Ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni, impendulo engeyinhle evela kubasebenzisi abaningi ukuthi ukusebenza kwebhokisi legiya bekuvame ukuhambisana nokushelela, ukuguqulwa kwamagiya ahamba kancane, ama-jerks, ukushisa ngokweqile nokuguga okusheshayo kwezinto ...
Yini ibackstage ku-gearbox, ikuphi
Uma imoto ihamba umshayeli ulawula ukusebenza kwenjini nogearbox. Izimoto ezishintshwayo zisebenzisa i-link umshayeli alawula ngayo amagiya. Okulandelayo, cabangela idivayisi ye-backstage, izici zokulungisa nokusebenza. Yini i-rocker ku-gearbox? Ingemuva lesiteji lisho umshini othi, ngokusebenzisa iknobhu yegiya, uxhume intonga enyakazisa imfoloko yegiya. Uma imoto i-front-wheel drive, i-rocker itholakala ngaphansi kwe-hood, phezulu noma eceleni kwebhokisi le-gearbox. Uma imoto idonsa ngamasondo angemuva, i-backstage ingafinyelelwa kuphela ukusuka phansi. Indlela yokukhetha igiya ihlale ithinteka ngumthwalo: ukudlidliza, ngokusebenzisa amafoloko okushintsha igiya namandla asuka kumthelela wesandla ...
Ukugcinwa kwebhokisi lamagiya
Ukuze usebenze kahle kwanoma iyiphi imoto, umnikazi wemoto ngamunye akumele aqaphe kuphela ukubukeka kokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini, kodwa futhi asebenze ngesikhathi. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi ekunqumeni isikhathi senqubo ngayinye, umenzi we-automaker usungula isimiso sokulungisa. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okuhleliwe, zonke izingxenye nezincane ziyahlolwa ukuthi azisebenzi yini. Le nqubo yakhelwe ukuvimbela ukuwohloka okuphuthumayo kwemoto emgwaqeni. Endabeni yezinye izindlela, lokhu kungaholela engozini. Cabanga ngezenzo ezihambisana nokugcinwa kwama-gearbox. Ngokujwayelekile, ukunakekelwa kwemoto kuwela ezigabeni ezintathu: Ukulungiswa kokuqala. Kuleli qophelo, uketshezi oluningi lwezobuchwepheshe nezihlungi ziyashintshwa. Ukuqiniswa kwezinsimbi kuzo zonke izindlela okwakhiwa kuzo ukudlidliza okuqinile kuyahlolwa. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa nezindawo zokuhlola.…
Inhloso nomgomo wokusebenza kwezinzwa ezinkulu zokudlulisela ezizenzakalelayo
I-automatic transmission yemoto ilawulwa yi-electro-hydraulic system. Inqubo yokuguqula amagiya ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo kwenzeka ngenxa yokucindezela koketshezi olusebenzayo, futhi ukulawulwa kwezindlela zokusebenza kanye nokulawulwa kokugeleza kwamanzi okusebenza ngosizo lwama-valve kwenziwa yiyunithi yokulawula i-electronic. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, lo wakamuva uthola ulwazi oludingekayo ezinzwa ezifunda imiyalo yomshayeli, isivinini samanje semoto, umthwalo womsebenzi enjinini, kanye nezinga lokushisa nokucindezela koketshezi olusebenzayo. Izinhlobo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwezinzwa zokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo Inhloso eyinhloko yesistimu yokulawula ukudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi ingabizwa ngokuthi ukunqunywa kwesikhathi esifanele lapho kufanele kwenzeke khona ukushintshwa kwegiya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amapharamitha amaningi kufanele acatshangelwe. Imiklamo yesimanje ifakwe uhlelo lokulawula oluguquguqukayo olukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe imodi efanelekile ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza kanye nemodi yokushayela yamanje yemoto, enqunyiwe ...
4Matic all-wheel drive uhlelo
Ukuphathwa kwezimoto kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha emgwaqeni kuncike kuzo. Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zifakwe ugesi odlulisa itorque emasondweni elilodwa (ngaphambili noma ngemuva). Kodwa amandla aphezulu kwamanye ama-powertrains aphoqa abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize ukuguqulwa kwamasondo onke. Uma udlulisela i-torque isuka kumotho ekhiqizayo iye ku-axle eyodwa, amasondo okushayela nakanjani azoshelela. Ukuzinzisa imoto emgwaqeni futhi yenze ithembeke futhi iphephe ngendlela yezemidlalo yokushayela, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque kuwo wonke amasondo. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokulawuleka kwezimoto emigwaqweni engazinzile, njengeqhwa, udaka noma isihlabathi. Uma usakaza kahle umzamo esondweni ngalinye, imoto ayesabi ngisho ...
Okufanele ukhethe: irobhothi noma i-variator
I-CVT nerobhothi yintuthuko emibili emisha futhi ethembisayo emkhakheni wama-automatic transmissions. Enye iwuhlobo lwesibhamu somshini, enye ingoomakhenikha. Yini i-variator engcono noma irobhothi? Sizokwenza incazelo eqhathanisekayo yakho kokubili okudluliswayo, sinqume izinzuzo zako kanye nokubi futhi senze ukukhetha okufanele. Konke mayelana nedivayisi ye-variator I-variator iwuhlobo lokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo. Iklanyelwe ukudlulisa kahle i-torque isuka enjinini iye emasondweni futhi ishintshe kancane isilinganiso segiya ebangeni elingaguquki. Ngokuvamile emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yemoto, ungathola isifinyezo se-CVT njengegama lebhokisi le-gearbox. Lona okuhlukile, okuhunyushwe kusukela esiNgisini - "ukudluliselwa okuguquguqukayo njalo" (Ukudluliselwa Okuguquguqukayo Okuqhubekayo). Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-variator ukuqinisekisa ukuguqulwa okushelelayo kwe-torque kusuka enjini, ...
Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwe-clutch drive
Ingxenye ebalulekile yemoto efakwe umshini wokuhambisa ngesandla yi-clutch. Iqukethe ngqo i-clutch (ubhasikidi) clutch kanye nokushayela. Ake sigxile emininingwaneni eyengeziwe entweni efana ne-clutch actuator, edlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni okuphelele kwe-clutch. Kulapho ingasebenzi kahle lapho i-clutch ilahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo. Sizohlaziya idivayisi yedrayivu, izinhlobo zayo, kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokubi ngakunye. I-Clutch drive kanye nezinhlobo zayo Idrayivu yakhelwe ukulawula okukude kwe-clutch ngomshayeli osuka endaweni yabagibeli. Ukucindezela i-clutch pedal kusebenza ngokuqondile ku-pressure plate. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokushayela ziyaziwa: imishini; i-hydraulic; i-electrohydraulic; i-pneumohydraulic. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala yizo ezisabalele kakhulu. Amaloli namabhasi asebenzisa i-pneumatic-hydraulic drive. I-Electrohydraulic ifakwa emishinini eno-robotic gearbox. Kwezinye izimoto, ukusiza ...
Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwe-multi-plate friction clutch
Encazelweni yezici zobuchwepheshe zama-SUV amaningi nezinye izimoto ezinezinguquko ezihlukene zokudluliswa kwe-all-wheel drive, umqondo we-multi-plate clutch ungatholakala. Le friction element iyingxenye yalokho okubizwa nge-plug-in all-wheel drive. Ukusebenza kwalesi sakhi kuvumela, uma kunesidingo, ukwenza i-eksisi engasebenzi ibe ehamba phambili. Lokhu kwakhiwa kusetshenziswe, isibonelo, ohlelweni lwe-xDrive, oluchazwe esihlokweni esihlukile. Ngaphezu kwezimoto, ama-multi-plate clutches asetshenziswa ngempumelelo kumishini ehlukahlukene lapho amandla athathwa khona phakathi kwezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene. Le divayisi ifakwe njenge-elementi yoshintsho, ileveli futhi ivumelanisa amadrayivu ezinto ezimbili. Cabanga ngesimiso sokusebenza kwalesi sisetshenziswa, yiziphi izinhlobo, kanye nezinzuzo nezingozi zabo. Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-clutch Multi-plate friction clutches ngamadivayisi…
