Izimbangela nezindlela zokuqeda ukuqhuma kwamalambu emoto
Amalambu anenkungu ngaphakathi yinto evamile abashayeli ababhekana nayo. Ngokuvamile, ukufiphala kubonakala ngaphakathi kwe-optics ngemva kokugeza imoto noma ngenxa yezinguquko ezisheshayo emazingeni okushisa emini nasebusuku. Abanikazi abaningi abanaki lesi simo. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwamanzi emishinini yokukhanyisa akuthandeki kakhulu futhi kuyingozi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunquma ngesikhathi esifanele ukuthi kungani izibani zangaphambili zijuluka futhi zilungise inkinga. Indlela ukujiya okwakhiwa ngayo Ukubumba kwe-automotive optics kuhlotshaniswa nokubukeka kwe-condensate ngaphakathi kwesibani sangaphambili. Amanzi angena ngaphakathi ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ngaphansi kwethonya lezibani ezivuthayo, aqala ukuhwamuka futhi ahlale ngendlela yamaconsi ebusweni bangaphakathi bokukhanya. Ingilazi iba namafu kakhulu, nokukhanya okudlula kuyo kuba lufifi futhi kuhlakazeke. Amaconsi amanzi asebenza njengelensi, ashintsha indlela...
Kusho ukuthini ukumakwa kwamalambu emoto?
Ikhodi ye-block headlight ngokusho kwezinga lamazwe ngamazwe ibonisa zonke izici ze-optics. Ukumaka kuvumela umshayeli ukuthi akhethe kahle futhi ngokushesha ingxenye eyisipele, athole uhlobo lwamalambu asetshenziswe ngaphandle kwesampula, futhi aqhathanise unyaka wokwakhiwa kwengxenye nonyaka wokukhiqizwa kwemoto ukuze kuhlolwe ingozi engaqondile. Kuyini ukumaka futhi kusho ukuthini?Okokuqala, ukumaka amalambu angaphambili kusiza umshayeli anqume ukuthi hlobo luni lwamalambu angafakwa ukuze athathele lawa ashile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilebula iqukethe inani elikhulu lolwazi olwengeziwe: kusukela ngonyaka wokukhiqiza kuya ezweni lokuthola izitifiketi, kanye nolwazi lokuhambisana nezindinganiso. Ngokwezinga lamazwe ngamazwe (Imithetho ye-UNECE N99 / GOST R41.99-99), okokusebenza kokubona okufakwe ezimotweni ezinamasondo (ezimotweni) kufanele kumakwe ngokwephethini egunyaziwe. Ikhodi equkethe...
Ungakuqonda kanjani ukumakwa kwamalambu emoto
Kusukela ekuqaleni kokudalwa kwezimoto zokuqala, onjiniyela bacabanga ngokukhanyisa ebusuku. Kusukela lapho, izinhlobo eziningi zama-autolamp ziye zavela ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze ungadideki futhi uqonde kangcono izici zabo, ukuqokwa okukhethekile noma izimpawu zezibani zezimoto zaqala ukusetshenziswa. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya lezi zimpawu ngokuningiliziwe ukuze umnikazi wemoto angenzi ukukhetha okungalungile. Kuyini ukumaka izibani zemoto?Kusukela ekuphawuleni isibani (hhayi imoto kuphela), umshayeli angathola: uhlobo lwesisekelo; amandla alinganiselwe; uhlobo lwesibani (soffit, pin, glass, LED, njll); inombolo yoxhumana nabo; umumo wejometri. Lonke lolu lwazi lubethelwe ngohlamvu noma inani lezinombolo. Ukumaka kusetshenziswa ngokuqondile esisekelweni sensimbi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ku-flask yengilazi. Kukhona futhi izimpawu ku…
Izinhlobo zamalambu ezimoto
Ukukhanyisa kwezimoto kuyisethi yamadivayisi afakwe ngaphakathi naseduze komjikelezo wemoto, futhi ahlinzeke ngokukhanya kwendawo yomgwaqo ebusuku, ukuqokwa kobukhulu bemoto, futhi axwayise ngezigigaba zabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Amalambu okukhanya emoto okuqala asebenza kuphalafini, kwase kuvela amalambu e-incandescent e-Edison, imithombo yokukhanya yesimanje yaqhubekela phambili. Sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo zezibani zezimoto kulesi sihloko ngokuqhubekayo. Izindinganiso zezibani zezimoto Izibani zezimoto azifani kuphela ngohlobo, kodwa futhi nesisekelo. Isisekelo esijwayelekile sentambo sahlongozwa ngu-Edison ngo-1880, futhi kusukela lapho kuye kwavela izinketho eziningi. Kunezindinganiso ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-plinth ezitholakala ku-CIS: I-Domestic GOST 17100-79 / GOST 2023.1-88. I-European IEC-EN 60061-1. I-ANSI yaseMelika…
Ungalungisa kanjani amalambu emoto
Ukulungiswa kahle kwezibani kubalulekile ukuze kubonakale kahle emgwaqeni ebusuku. Uma i-optics yemoto ingalungiswa, insimu yokubuka ingancishiswa kakhulu, noma izibani zangaphambili zizobangela ukungakhululeki kubashayeli abashayela kumzila ozayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okufanele nokunethezeka lapho uhamba ebusuku, kubalulekile ukuqapha indawo efanele yokukhanyisa imoto futhi uzilungise ngesikhathi esifanele. Imiphumela yokulungiswa okungafanele kwama-optics Inani lezinto ezingaholela engozini likhuphuka kakhulu ebumnyameni. Ngakho-ke, izibani ezisebenza kahle ziyisiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sokuphepha komshayeli. Ama-optics e-car low beam kufanele akhanyise umgwaqo ngamamitha angu-30-40 ngaphambili, kuyilapho ethwebula ingxenye encane yohlangothi lwesokudla lomgwaqo. Uma lesi simo singahlangatshezwana naye, khona-ke...
Izinhlobo, idivaysi kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwe-washer yesibani esiphambili
Ubuchwepheshe abumile, futhi imakethe yezimoto ivuselelwa njalo ngamamodeli amasha afakwe imishini emisha. Izindlela ezengeziwe kanye namadivayisi awagcini nje ukwandisa ukuphepha kwemoto, kodwa futhi yenza ukusebenza kwayo kukhululeke kakhudlwana. Ubuchwepheshe obusha buhlanganisa ukumiswa kazibuthe, uhlelo lokubona ebusuku nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Kodwa uma ukuba khona kwezinhlelo ezithile akudingekile emotweni, khona-ke amanye amadivaysi ayadingeka kuwo. Isibonelo salokhu ama-airbags (funda ngawo kwesinye isibuyekezo), uhlelo lwe-ABS, njll. Uhlu olufanayo luhlanganisa iwasha yezibani zangaphambili. Cabanga ngedivayisi, izinhlobonhlobo kanye nesimiso lapho lesi sici sizosebenza khona uma imoto ifakwe kuyo, kanye nendlela yokuyifaka emotweni yakho. Yini iwasha...
Izisekelo zamalambu ezithuthi: ukuqokwa nezinhlobo
Noma iyiphi imoto yesimanje ifakwe inombolo enkulu amalambu anikeza ukukhanya ezokuthutha ebumnyameni. Kungase kubonakale sengathi kungaba lula kunesibani semoto. Eqinisweni, lapho ukhetha ukuguqulwa okufanele, ungadideka ukuthi into ethile izofanelana ne-optics noma cha. Inani elikhulu lezinkampani ezibambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni izibani zezimoto emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza imithombo yokukhanya, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene, ngakho isibani esiphuma emotweni eyodwa singase singalingani nesibani semoto enye. Kuye ngokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesibani olusetshenziswa ku-optics, inani elikhulu lezinto ezihlukahlukene lingafakwa ekwakhiweni kwalo. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isici sokukhanyisa sisezingeni eliphezulu kangakanani, asikwazi ukusetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi i-headlight ngaphandle kwesisekelo. Asikhulume nge...
Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwamalambu e-laser
Ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu embonini yezimoto zethulwa njalo. Ukukhanyisa kwezimoto nakho akumile. Imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED, i-xenon ne-bi-xenon ithathelwe indawo izibani zangaphambili ze-laser. Ababaningi abakhiqizi bezimoto abangaziqhayisa ngobuchwepheshe obunjalo, kodwa sekucacile ukuthi leli yikusasa lokukhanyisa izimoto. Ayini amalambu e-laser Ubuchwepheshe obusha bethulwa okokuqala ku-BMW i8 concept ngo-2011. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-2014, imodeli yangena ekukhiqizeni okuningi. Kwaba njalo lapho i-prototype iba i-supercar egcwele yokukhiqiza. Izinkampani ezihamba phambili zokukhanyisa izimoto ezifana neBosch, Philips, Hella, Valeo kanye no-Osram nazo zihilelekile ekuthuthukisweni nabakhiqizi. Lolu uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi olunokugcwaliswa kwe-elekthronikhi, okudala i-laser beam enamandla. Isistimu ivuleka ngesivinini esingaphezulu ...
Izinto eziyinhloko kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kohlelo lokukhanyisa imoto
Kuphephile ukusebenzisa imoto kusihlwa nasebusuku, futhi lapho ingabonakali kahle, ngenxa yesethi yamadivayisi okukhanyisa afakwe emotweni ngayinye. Isistimu yokukhanyisa izibani nokukhanya ikuvumela ukuba ukhanyise umgwaqo ophambi kwakho, uxwayise abanye abashayeli mayelana nokuhamba, futhi wazise mayelana nobukhulu bemoto. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu emgwaqeni, zonke izakhi zesistimu yokukhanyisa kufanele zisebenze kahle. Kuyini ukukhanyisa kwemoto kanye nohlelo lokubonisa ukukhanya? Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ihlanganisa: ukukhanya kwendlela yenqola kanye nomgwaqo; ukukhanya okwengeziwe komgwaqo enkungu, imvula, iqhwa; ukwazisa abanye abashayeli mayelana namanoveli enziwayo; isixwayiso sokubhuleka; ukwazisa mayelana nobukhulu bomshini; isixwayiso mayelana...
Ayini amalambu ahambisanayo? Isimiso sokusebenza nenhloso
Ngokufika kwezimoto ezizihambelayo, anyukile amathuba ezingozi emigwaqeni. Yonke imoto entsha, ngisho nemodeli yesabelomali, ihambisana nezidingo ezikhulayo zabashayeli besimanje. Ngakho-ke, imoto ingathola iyunithi yamandla anamandla noma ukonga, ukumiswa okuthuthukisiwe, umzimba ohlukile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zama-electronics. Njengoba izimoto ezisemgwaqweni zingase zibe yingozi, umkhiqizi ngamunye uhlomisa imikhiqizo yakhe ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokuphepha. Lolu hlu luhlanganisa kokubili amasistimu okuphepha asebenzayo kanye nalawo angenzi lutho. Ama-Airbags asebenza njengesibonelo salokhu (idivayisi yabo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe kwesinye isihloko). Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinto zokusebenza zingabalelwa kukho kokubili uhlelo lwezokuphepha nokunethezeka. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ukukhanya kwekhanda lemoto. Ayikho imoto...
Isakhiwo nomgomo wokusebenza kohlelo lokulawula imisebe ephezulu yokulekelela ukukhanya
I-Light Assist iyisilekeleli se-automatic high beam (umsizi we-high beam). Lolu hlelo lokusiza luthuthukisa ukuphepha futhi lusiza umshayeli uma eshayela ebusuku. Ingqikithi yomsebenzi wayo ukushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo i-beam ephezulu ibe yi-beam ephansi. Sizokutshela kabanzi mayelana nedivayisi nezici zomsebenzi esihlokweni. I-Purpose Light Assist Isistimu yakhelwe ukuthuthukisa ukukhanya ebumnyameni. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokushintsha okuzenzakalelayo kwe-beam eyinhloko. Umshayeli uhamba ne-beam ephezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kunengozi yokucwebezela kwabanye abashayeli, i-Auto Light Assist izoshintshela ku-beam ephansi noma ishintshe i-engeli ye-light beam. Isebenza kanjani i-Light Assist Izimo zokusebenza ze-complex zizoncika ohlotsheni lwamalambu afakiwe. Uma izibani zangaphambili ziyi-halogen, kwenzeka ...
Izinhlobo, idivaysi kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kokulawulwa kobubanzi be-headlight
Amalambu acwilisiwe emoto anolayini osikiwe omisiwe, lapho omi khona ulawulwa yimithetho nemigomo yamazwe ngamazwe. Lona umugqa onemibandela wokushintsha ukukhanya ube ethunzini, okumele kukhethwe ngendlela yokuthi kungaphuphutheki abanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele inikeze izinga elamukelekayo lokukhanya komgwaqo. Uma isikhundla somzimba wemoto sishintsha ngenxa yesizathu esithile, khona-ke indawo yomugqa wokunqamula nayo iyashintsha. Ukuze umshayeli akwazi ukulungisa isiqondiso se-beam ephansi, i.e. ulayini osikiwe kanye nesilawuli sebanga lamalambu angaphambili sisetshenziswa. Inhloso ye-corrector yamalambu angaphambili Ekuqaleni, i-beam yelambu elilungile ilungiswa emotweni engalayishiwe, lapho i-axis yobude bayo isendaweni evundlile. Uma ingaphambili noma ingemuva lilayishiwe (isibonelo, abagibeli noma impahla), khona-ke indawo yomzimba iyashintsha. Umsizi ku...
Idivayisi nezinhlobo zamalambu emoto
Indawo emaphakathi ohlelweni lokukhanyisa imoto igcwele amalambu angaphambili (ukukhanya kwekhanda). Baqinisekisa ukuphepha kohambo kusihlwa nasebusuku ngokukhanyisa umgwaqo ophambi kwemoto nokwazisa abanye abashayeli ngemoto ezayo. Amalambu Angaphambili: Izakhi Zesakhiwo Izibani zangaphambili ziye zavela emashumini eminyaka. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, izibani eziyindilinga zohlobo lwe-projektha zazifakwa ezimotweni. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-ergonomics kanye ne-aerodynamics yomzimba ishintshile, kwavela izixazululo ezintsha: izibani eziyindilinga azizange zivumele imigqa yomzimba ebushelelezi, ehlelekile. Ngakho-ke, abaklami nabakhi baqala ukwethula amafomu amasha, akhangayo angekho ngaphansi ngokwezimfanelo zokukhanyisa nezici. I-headlight yesimanje ihlanganisa amadivaysi amaningana: izibani ezikhanyayo eziphansi neziphezulu; izibani zokupaka; izikhombisi...
Amalambu e-LED amalambu emoto
Izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zezibani zisetshenziswa ohlelweni lokukhanyisa imoto: izibani ezivamile ze-incandescent, i-xenon (ukukhishwa), i-halogen ne-LED. Zonke zinezinzuzo zazo kanye nokubi. Izibani ze-halogen zihlala zisetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa izibani ze-LED ezikhanyisa phambili ziya ngokuya zithandwa. Lokhu kungenxa yezici eziningana, esizoxoxa ngazo ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko. Ayini amalambu e-LED kumalambu emoto Lolu hlobo lwesibani lusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwama-LED. Eqinisweni, lawa angama-semiconductors okuthi, ngokudlula amandla kagesi, enze imisebe yokukhanya. Ngamandla amanje we-1 W, bayakwazi ukukhipha ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwama-lumens angu-70-100, futhi eqenjini lezingcezu ezingu-20-40 leli nani liphakeme nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izibani ze-LED zezimoto ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza ukukhanya kuze kufike ku-2000 ...