Hlola izinganekwane ezinhlanu ze-rally: ekwehleni

I-Excursion to VW “Turtle”, Ford RS200, Opel Commodore, BMW 2002 ti Toyota Corolla

Masiphinde sizwe itiyela elomile ngaphansi kwamasondo. Ake siwanuke amafutha ashisayo futhi, ake silalele izinjini zisebenza kanye - endizeni yokugcina yesizini enama-daredevils angempela amahlanu. Asisho abashayeli.

Isandla eseluliwe esinesithupha sivele sisazwakalisa ukuzethemba ekunqobeni futhi ngenkani siyaqhubeka nokubonwa njengophawu lokunqoba. Isetshenziswa abasubathi abangochwepheshe be-euphoric, osopolitiki abanqobayo kanye nezinkanyezi ze-TV ezingakulungele - naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi sekuvele sekuyinto evamile kabuhlungu. Futhi manje ushayela imoto, futhi akudingekile nhlobo.

Njengesithupha phezulu, i-switch shift kagesi iphuma kukholomu yokuqondisa yeToyota Corolla WRC. UCarlos Sainz noDidier Auriol baphinde bashintsha amagiya ayisithupha e-X Trac transmission ngokuqhuma okufushane kwesandla sokudla. Futhi manje ngizokwenza. Ngiyethemba. Kuyeza maduze. Uma sibheka ama-acoustics, ama-pistons, izinduku zokuxhuma nama-valve ku-block kanye nekhanda le-cylinder lenjini enamasilinda amane ngokugcwaliswa okuphoqelekile - yiqiniso, ku-299 hp, okuvunyelwe yimithetho yangaleso sikhathi - inyakaza ngokuphelele. Umshini wokugijima wenza imisindo engaphumuli, amaphampu amabili ayakhala ezama ukugcina ingcindezi ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic ezingeni elingamabha ayi-100. Ufike kanjani lapha? Uma ngibheka emuva, angisakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile.

Abapake eduze komjaho i-Corolla kukhona amanye amaqhawe amane asethathe umhlalaphansi afuna ukuxoxa izindaba zawo zezikhathi ezahlukene. Futhi njengoba ngisho nokushayela kancane emigwaqweni yehlathi eliwubhuqu akusamukeleki emphakathini, imigwaqo yomphakathi kuphela esele - uma kungenzeka igandaywe ngamakhanda asuka emlandweni we-motorsport, isibonelo, indawo eya phezulu eSchauinsland e-Black Forest. Lapha, kusukela ngo-1925 kuya ku-1984, ngokuvamile, ama-virtuosos aphesheya kwezilwandle agijima ngomzila wamakhilomitha angu-12 nokwehla okuqondile okungamamitha angu-780.

Ufudu ngenhliziyo yePorsche

Ecishe emangele, u-Frank Lentfer uhamba ezungeza i-VW Turtle eyayiqhudelana e-Mile Mile. Lokhu akufanele kusimangaze - umshayeli wesivivinyo sokuhlela uchitha isikhathi sakhe samahhala ezigcotshwe kuze kufike ezindololwaneni zakhe emafutheni emoto yakhe "Isimangaliso Somnotho". “Bheka nje isiduli!” Futhi i-axle yangaphambili elungisekayo! “Kulungile ngizobabona.

Kepha noma ngabe izimfudu zonke ze-VW zingathandwa ngokweqile, iqiniso lokuthi uPaul Ernst Strele wahlanyisa lonke iqembu ngenkathi eziqeqesha eMile Mile ngo-1954. IFiat, ngenxa yalokho idluliselwe ngenkani kwizibonelo ukuze iwine isigaba sayo, izophoqeleka ukuthi ibheke le moto ngamehlo athe ukwehluka. Noma kunjalo, ukudluliswa kwePorsche 356 cishe nge-60 hp kwakubila egumbini langemuva. Kodwa-ke, ngokubamba iqhaza komuntu ozothatha izintambo ekubambeni iqhaza emhlanganweni wanamuhla, imibhalo iqopha ama-kilowatts angama-51, okungukuthi, ama-70 hp, amanye awo i-injini eyisilinda emine esivele iwathatha emakamelweni omlilo ngokushaywa kwesibhakela. Lezi zihlalo ezibizwa ngokuthi izihlalo zisetshenziswe ePorsche 550 Spyder futhi ziqukethe umzimba we-aluminium ombozwe ngomcako omncane.

Akukho okunye ongakusho mayelana nokuba yi-motorsport - isondo lokuqondisa lisencane futhi, njengangaphambili, alukho uhlaka lwe-rollover. Awekho futhi amabhande e-racing emfanekisweni njengoba abengathembekile ngokomlando. Ngakho-ke, incike kumabhande ajwayelekile ethangeni ukuze ivikeleke, kanye nekhono lomshayeli ngokuphepha okusebenzayo. Kufanele azi ukuthi ukunemba kokudlulisela kanye nesiteringi kucishe kufane nesibikezelo sezulu seminyaka emithathu. Ake sithi lokhu akuzwakali kulinga kakhulu, kodwa, okokuqala, kuyiqiniso, futhi okwesibili, ingxenye kuphela. Ngoba uma iVolkswagen yezemidlalo iqala ezwini layo elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isimo sishintsha ngokushesha ngaphansi kwesiqongo sayo esithambile - mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi izibalo zamandla e-VW cishe zingamanga amsulwa.

"I-Turtle" igijimela ekuhlaselweni ngamazwi ajulile, afudumele, njengokungathi ukufaka ukuzethemba futhi esizweni esihlukunyezwe impi ebhubhisayo, futhi ifuna ukufakazela ukuthi i-160 futhi mhlawumbe amakhilomitha amaningi ngehora akuyona into engenakwenzeka. Uzakwethu u-Jorn Thomas uhlezi egobile eduze nomshayeli, futhi ukubukeka kwakhe akusho ukuthi ufuna ukuzwa ngakho - futhi ngokusobala, angifuni. Kwanele ukuthi umuntu ahlole ukusunduza okuphakathi kwenjini engu-1,5 litre bese ephendula ucingo ngokufaka igiya elifanele futhi athole indawo yokuma elifanele. Uma icwebezela ngokucikeka imodeli ye-VW enamalambu ayisithupha-volt, kulapho ithwalwa khona emakhoneni lapho umshayeli evamise ukulahlekelwa khona ukwesekwa, alula kune-Porsche-improved chassis.

Ikholi Yezimpahla

UJorn naye umangazwa amandla "ofudu", kodwa uphakamisa ukuthi "inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-730 kuphela". Lokhu kumsondeza ku-Opel Commodore. Lokhu kuyaqondakala futhi kuyabikezelwa. Ngokuqondakalayo, ngoba i-coupe iveza ukucwasa okungamanga kokuthi izimoto zikanokusho kufanele zivele e-Italy (noma okungenani zingaveli eJalimane). Futhi lokhu kuyabikezelwa, ngoba uJorn unedumela endlini yezindaba njengomlandeli wokuqina we-Opel.

Ngaphandle kwalokho akazithandi ngempela izimoto ezindala kodwa uthi ubezothenga imoto enenombolo ethi GG-CO 72 ngaphandle kokunanaza. "Yeka idizayini, yeka imisindo, yeka ucezu lwemishini - umsebenzi omuhle," kusho uJorn njengoba elungisa ihhanisi lakhe elinamaphuzu amane. Kusele kuphela ukuphakamisa isithupha esiwinayo. Ngempela, ngo-1973, u-Walter Röhl washayela i-Commodore B emakhoneni amaningi e-Monte Carlo Rally futhi waqeda amakhilomitha ayishumi nambili ukusuka kowamanqamu futhi wabeka i-18th jikelele ngenxa yento ephukile yokulengiswa. Injini efakwe uphethiloli engu-2,8-litre isivele isebenza ngaphansi kwehood ende, kanti ikhophi yethu, ekhiqiza imodeli yango-1972, ineyunithi ephezulu kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ithatha indawo yama-carburetor amabili e-Zenith variable-valve kanye nesigaba sezimoto sakwa-Opel esinamayunithi amathathu e-Weber twin-barrel, yeqa ukuphuma kwenjini engu-2,5-litre isuka ku-130 iye ku-157 hp. nge., cishe ezingeni lenjini yomjovo. Naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okuhle nekheji yokuvikela i-roll-over, izihlalo zomjaho, amaleshi ekhava yangaphambili kanye nebhethri lezibani ezengeziwe, isilinganiso sokuminyanisa esingu-9:1 ku-inline-six sinikeza incazelo yaso yobuntu.

Ku-Commodore, umshayeli uzwa i-acoustic esikhundleni se-dynamics, futhi uqhutshwa isifiso sokuvelela sokushintsha leso silinganiso. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukushintsha kwegiya okuthambile, ukuvimbela ukucindezela okungadingekile enjinini uma uqhubeka ucindezela i-accelerator pedal. Igiya lesithathu nelesine aliyindawo ngandlela thize - elinye livamise ukuzizwa limfushane kakhulu, elinye lihlale lilide kakhulu. Yini futhi? Kufika isikhathi lapho u-Commodore ekwazi ukukuqeqesha kabusha ngokwanele ukuze akunike ukuthula kwengqondo - eshintsha ukugxila kube lula ukumiswa okungaphambili ngezingalo zerokhethi kanye ne-asi yangemuva eqinile enama-trailer.

Le Opel ihlehlela emuva esikhathini lapho izimoto zalo mkhiqizo kwakungadingeki ukuthi ziphile impilo, ngoba kwakuyindlela nje yokuphila. Indawo ngemuva kwesiteringi esikhulu sezemidlalo ayinakho ukungezwani, isandla sihlala ngokuthula esinqeni sendwangu ende yendololwane ngokugoba kwibha. Ngokuvuleka okukhulu okuvulekile, injini ye-CIH (esetshenziswa kumamodeli we-Opel ane-camshaft ephezulu) isebenza njengendlovu ngaphandle kwemingcele, futhi ukuzikhulisa uqobo kuyasiza ngoba uma kungenjalo i-carburetor kwesinye isikhathi iyaminza. Nge-steering yeZF, esino-16: 1 servo ratio, noma yiluphi ushintsho ohlangothini lwamasondo angu-14 inch kumele lumenyezelwe kusenesikhathi ukuze i-coupe yamamitha angu-4,61 ifinyelele lapho iya khona ngokucacile nangokucacile.

Ihlanganiswe ne-BMW

Phela i-Commodore ifana nobisi olushisayo olunoju, kodwa ifakwe engilazini ebomvu. Futhi uma ukhetha i-cocktail ye-vodka ne-Red Bull, inguqulo ye-BMW 2002 ti rally iyatholakala. Kumodeli enezihlalo ezimbili enama-fender abanzi, u-Achim Wormbold kanye no-John Davenport asebenzisana naye baqede isizini yama-72 ngokuwina ku-Rally Portugal. Namuhla, unjiniyela wezimoto nokuhlola ezemidlalo u-Otto Rupp ubukeka sengathi usephenduke isihlalo sika-Rauno Altonen sango-1969. Futhi hhayi ngoba ibanzi kakhulu kuye. "Akunandaba ukuthi i-BMW iqhamuka kusiphi isikhathi - ukuvumelana phakathi kuka-chassis, ukuhanjiswa kwamabhuleki kuhlale kusondele kakhulu," kusho uRupp.

Okungcono kakhulu - amathayi ezemidlalo anemifantu engavamile yokunyathela awafuni ukushisa ngendlela evamile emigwaqweni embozwe kancane isithwathwa. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, ingxenye yangemuva ikhonza, lapho iyunithi yokushayela enamandla angaba ngu-190 hp isebenza. ibhalisa isifiso somshayeli wendiza ukusheshisa. Uma sibiza ukuguqulwa kwenjini ngokuguqulwa, kungaba ukuchithwa okungafaneleki - kungcono ukukhuluma ngomklamo omusha ngokuphelele. Ngoba esikhathini esidlule, i-Alpina yaphinde yalinganisa i-crankshaft, yalula izinduku zokuxhuma, yandisa isilinganiso sokucindezela, yandisa ububanzi bama-valve futhi yafaka i-camshaft ene-angle yokuvula engu-300 degrees - futhi konke lokhu, njengoba sesishilo, nokunye okunye. . Ngisho noma iwu-3000 6000 rpm, injini enamasilinda amane iqala ukugigiyela futhi igigigitheke kuhle kwesaha elisebenza kahle, futhi uma igijima ngo-XNUMX rpm kubukeka sengathi bonke abagawulayo bahileleke.

Ngalesi sikhathi, umshayeli wayesekhohliwe ukuthi igiya lokuqala lishintshele kwesokunxele nangaphambili, njengoba kufanele libe ekudluliseni kwangempela kwezemidlalo. Ngaleso sikhathi, incazelo yegama elithi "sport" iphinde ibhekisele emsebenzini wokuphakamisa, okudinga amandla amakhulu ukuze ungene endleleni oyifunayo. Kuthiwani ngokuhamba kwakhe? Ngamafuphi, njengegama ngokwalo. Uzakwethu uRupp uqinisile ukuthi le BMW ilingana kahle. Kanye nezinga lokushisa le-asphalt, amathayi nenjini kwandisa isibindi sokuhambisa amaphuzu okumisa kanye nesondo lokuqondisa eduze namakhona. Amaphedali atholakala kalula endaweni eqondile futhi avumela amavoloni anomsindo wegesi ephakathi nendawo, lapho izihlahla ezizungezile zilahlekelwa khona ezinye zezinaliti zazo.

Ithe ukutsheka kancane eceleni, i-sporty BMW iphuma ekhoneni, kuqala ngebhethri lamalambu asizayo, bese kuba ngawo wonke umzimba ongamamitha angu-4,23 ubude. I-chassis, eyayifakwe ukumiswa okuzimele embonini, ayizange idinge ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwenjini. Yonke into yenziwa minyene kancane, imelana kakhulu ne-deformation, ibanzi - futhi usuqedile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthintana nomgwaqo kuba namandla kakhulu, kanye nokuntuleka kwamandla okuqondisa kanye - inzuzo evame ukunganakwa yezimoto ezindala - izinsika eziphahleni ezincane nazo zisiza kuma-antics asheshayo futhi anembile nge-BMW yakudala.

Kusukela ekukhanyeni - ebumnyameni beFord

Kodwa-ke, akukho ukuhlukaniswa kwe-aquarium okunjalo ku-Ford RS200. Eqinisweni, akukho ukubuka konke lapha, nakuba igebe ephikweni elingemuva libonisa umzamo othile ohlangothini lonjiniyela. Kodwa linda, sesivele sisekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-200 - isikhathi seQembu B esabisayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, abashayeli bezindiza bekufanele bajabule uma bebekwazi nokubheka phambili ngewindi lomoya eligcwele (kwi-RSXNUMX livela kumodeli waseSierra) - lokhu ukuthi abakhiqizi beziqu bazicije kanjani izinto zabo zezemidlalo ukuze bathole isisindo esincane futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amandla aphezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgomo wokudlulisela umshini obuyiseleka emuva owasungulwa unjiniyela owayeyinhloko ngaleso sikhathi womnyango wezemidlalo wakwaFord waholela ekwengezeni amaphawundi, njengoba kwakudingeka ama-driveshaft amabili. Eyodwa ihola isuka enjinini ephakathi nendawo iye ku-transmission eduze kwe-asi yangaphambili, kanti enye ibuyela emuva emasondweni angemuva. Kungani konke lokhu? Cishe ibhalansi yesisindo esiphelele. Ngokuphambene, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque kusistimu yokudlulisela okukabili enokwehluka okuthathu okucushwe i-clutch kunokugcizelela okuqinile ku-ekseli yangemuva: amaphesenti angama-63 kuye kwangama-47. Kule ncazelo emfushane yokuqala, indawo yendlela yamandla ibonakala incane, kodwa ngaphakathi ibanzi kakhulu. Izinyawo zami kufanele zicindezele amaphedali amathathu emthonjeni angenza udoti ubukeke uvulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthi yini engingayenza uma ngigqoke izicathulo ezingu-46? Futhi akuzona zonke izinsuku lapho unyawo lwakho lwesokunxele luwela khona kusixhumi esinjalo se-ceramic-metal esidinga ukushisa kwangaphambili komsipha ngamunye.

Kancane kancane, ngakwazi ukuzuza isiqalo esiyisibonelo, futhi ngomsindo wamakhala, onomsindo omkhulu wenjini yokukhiqiza eguqulwe ngokungemthetho, i-cylinder turbomachine ezine ishayela imoto yezemidlalo. IGarrett turbocharger icindezela u-1,8bhp ngaphandle kweyunithi engu-250-litre, kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi lawo mandla abonakale, injini yama-valve amane kufanele iqale ikhase iphume kwi-turbo bore ejulile. Ngaphansi kuka-4000 rpm, inaliti yengcindezi ye-turbo igxuma kancane bese isondela enanini eliphezulu lika-0,75 bar ngenhla nje kwalomkhawulo. I-torque ephezulu engu-280 Nm ifinyelelwa ku-4500 rpm, bese kuba yisikhathi sokubamba isiteringi sezemidlalo esenziwa yi-Escort XR3i. Isikhulisi se-Servo? Umbhedo. Kulokhu, kuhle, imoto ilawulwa yi-accelerator pedal, kodwa, kwi-asphalt eyomile kungenzeka kuphela ngejubane elibonisa isimo sengqondo samahhala emithethweni yomgwaqo.

Ngaphandle kwe-clutch nesondo lokuqondisa, i-five-speed transmission nayo idinga umzimba othonisiwe, ngoba ingalo yebhola emfishane yaseSierra ihamba phakathi kwemisele njengensimbi phakathi kukakhonkolo—yomile, yebo. Kodwa-ke, akuthathi isikhathi eside - isibonelo, vele uphume esigodini sase-Stuttgart ukhuphuke emithambekeni eseningizimu ye-Black Forest - futhi i-RS200 izowela enhliziyweni yakho, emilenzeni nasezingalweni zakho. Ngisho noma udlula emadolobheni lapho amathaveni anikela khona ngenyama edliwayo futhi ijubane ligcina ku-30 km/h, imodeli yakwaFord ithatha izinto ngaphandle kokukhononda. Akuyona indlela azama ngayo ukukhohlwa indima yakhe ebuhlungu kuGroup B? Ngo-1986, isithupha sawa futhi uchungechunge lwafa. Ngo-1988, abakwaFord babedayisa ama-RS200 ambalwa njengenguqulo yomgwaqo ngamamaki angu-140.

Okwamanje, kumathrekhi omhlaba wonke, iQela A selivele lizama ukugcina intshisekelo kuWorld Championship; ngo-1997, kwaqhamuka iWRC, kwathi ngeToyota Corolla. Injini yayo yamalitha amabili ye-turbo yaboleka kwaCelica, futhi imininingwane embalwa kuphela yashintshwa. Isibonelo, i-cooler yomoya ecindezelweyo eneshawa eyengeziwe yamanzi ihamba ngaphezulu kwenjini iqonde ngqo endleleni yokuhamba komoya ngemuva kwe-grille ye-radiator. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lokushisa lomoya odlayo bekumele lehliswe ngamaphesenti ayishumi. Kodwa-ke, umlando awuthulanga ngenkinga yezinga lokushisa ezingqondweni zikaCarlos Sainz noLuis Moya, ngenkathi ku-rally "Britannia" ngo-1998, iyunithi efanayo yavala ngamabomu imitha engama-500 ngaphambi komugqa wokuqeda futhi yenqaba ukusebenza isikhathi eside, ivimbela isihloko. Ukuqhuma kwentukuthelo yami ngakhunjulwa kuze kube namuhla.

Umsindo owesabekayo eToyota WRC

Nokho, isicoco sabakhi sanqotshwa ngesizini elandelayo - ngaphambi nje kokuba iToyota igxile ku-F1 esikhathini esingangonyaka ngaphambi kwalokho okwakuhleliwe. Mhlawumbe amaJapane ayedinga...? Bekufanele ube nakho - akunandaba namuhla. UJochen Ubler, umhloli wethu wekhanda onolwazi kwezezimoto, uzoba ngowokuqala ukuqunga ihlathi ngezinkinobho ezincane kule moto. Yiqiniso, akakulandeli ukungqongqoza kukaMo wase-Iberia (“mas! Mas! Mas!”), kodwa wehla ngokungesabi emthambekeni obheke ezinkungu ezinwabuzelayo. Imisindo yepayipi le-Bravura ilahlekile endaweni ethile ehlathini, futhi ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa ikhwelo elishisayo le-valve yokucindezela ngokweqile limemezela ukubuya - nokuthi bobabili imoto nomshayeli sebevele bafudumala - ngamunye ngokwehlukana. “Umsindo okhona mubi - njengalapho ukhuphuka ngesivinini. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhula ngokujwayelekile isuka ku-3500-6500 rpm,” kumemezela uJochen futhi, ehlabeke umxhwele kakhulu, wathatha igxathu elingabaza elibheke ku-2002.

Manje yimina. Ngicindezela i-clutch (ingxenye yama-disc angama-humorless amathathu), ngiyidedele ngokucophelela bese ngiqala ukudonsa, kodwa okungenani ngingavumeli imoto ivalwe. Ngikushaya indiva konke ukulawula nezishintshi ezisakazeke kudeshibhodi ngokungathi kuqhuma. Ukuhlelwa okuhlukile kokuhlukahluka kwesitimela samandla okuguquguqukayo okuthathu? Mhlawumbe empilweni ethile yesikhathi esizayo.

U-Jochen uqinisile, kunjalo. Manje, njengoba inaliti ye-tachometer ikhanyisa ku-3500, iToyota engu-1,2-ton ibonakala iqhuma futhi iphahlaze amasondo ayo ku-asphalt. Nginyakazisa i-shift lever, futhi kunomsindo oqhuqhayo okhombisa ukuthi igiya elilandelayo liyabandakanyeka. Futhi kufanele ngiqonde ngqo phezulu. Kuthiwani ngamabhuleki? Njenge-clutch engenawo amahlaya, abakafinyeleli izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, ngakho bayamangala cishe akukho senzo. Kuzodingeka uzame izikhathi ezimbalwa ezengeziwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nikeza enye i-volley kusuka ku-gearbox, cindezela ngokushesha igesi futhi - igiya elibili lizosebenza ngandlela-thile. Ingemuva liyavevezela kancane, izindlebe zami ziyagegetheka futhi ziyaduma, ukudluliswa nokuhluka kuyacula, injini iyakhala - manje angidingi nje ukuphazanyiswa. Ukuze uthole inkomba: sisesendaweni yesivinini esivunyelwe yimithethonqubo. Ingabe lesi sihogo sizokhala kanjani ngesivinini esikhulu uma uzwa isigubhu sobhuqu phezu kwamaphiko angenalutho?

Sengiqala ukuzwela uNdlovukazi. Ayikho enye imoto ku-quintet ephoqelekile ukukhombisa ukuzola okunjalo, i-grit ne-grit - ngisho ne-Ford ethukuthele. Bonke abahlanu ababambe iqhaza kulolu hambo bapake ngale kwejwayelekile - ngenhlanhla yethu, ngaphandle kwalokho lapha bekumele sikhulume ngamasistimu okusiza abashayeli, amasistimu we-infotainment kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Kunalokho, ngenxa yenjabulo yokugcizelela ngokungananazi okuhlangenwe nakho kokushayela okungenasici, siphakamisa iminwe yethu. Kuphela ngaphakathi, yebo, ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kokuthinta.

Umbhalo: UJens Drale

Isithombe: Hans-Dieter Zeifert