Luyini uhlelo lokubhalwa kwemoto ngogesi?

Uhlelo lwe-elektrikhi lokushayela imoto ngogesi

Mhlawumbe wonke umshayeli uyazi ukuthi uhlelo lwe-elekhtrikhi lwe-braking ABS luyini. Uhlelo lwe-anti-lock braking system lwasungulwa futhi lwaqala ukwethulwa nguBosch ngo-1978. I-ABS ivimbela amasondo ukuthi angakhiyi lapho kubhuleka amabhuleki. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto ihlala izinzile noma ngabe kwenzeka ukuma okuphuthumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imoto ihlala ikwazi ukulawulwa ngesikhathi ibhuleka. Kodwa-ke, ngejubane elikhulayo lezimoto zesimanje, i-ABS eyodwa ibingasenele ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Ngakho-ke, yanezelwa ngezinhlelo eziningi. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sokwenza ngcono ukubopha amabhuleki ngemuva kwe-ABS bekuwukwakha amasistimu anciphisa izikhathi zokuphendula amabhuleki. Okuthiwa kubopha amabhuleki amasistimu okusiza ekubhuleni amabhuleki. I-ABS yenza amabhuleki agwedla ngokugcwele asebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, kepha ayikwazi ukusebenza lapho iphedali icindezelekile kancane.

I-electronic brake booster

I-brake booster inikeza amabhuleki aphuthumayo lapho umshayeli ecindezela isigubhu samabhuleki ngokuzumayo, kodwa lokhu akwenele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uhlelo lukala ukuthi umshayeli ucindezela ngokushesha kangakanani nangamaphi amandla. Bese, uma kunesidingo, nyusa ngokushesha ingcindezi ohlelweni lwamabhuleki lube lukhulu. Ngokobuchwepheshe, lo mbono usetshenziswa kanjena. I-pneumatic brake booster ine-sensor yejubane eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye ne-electromagnetic drive. Lapho nje isignali evela enzwa yejubane ifinyelela esikhungweni sokulawula, induku ihamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umshayeli ushaya i-pedal kakhulu, kuvulwa i-electromagnet, okwandisa amandla asebenza endukwini. Ingcindezi yohlelo lwamabhuleki inyuka ngokuzenzakalela kakhulu ngaphakathi kwama-millisecond. Okusho ukuthi, isikhathi sokumiswa kwemoto sincishisiwe ezimweni lapho konke kunqunywa kusuka khona manje.

Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwe-braking electronic

Ngakho-ke, i-automation isiza umshayeli ukuthi afinyelele ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwamabhuleki. Umphumela we-Braking. UBosch usungule uhlelo olusha lokubikezela amabhuleki olungalungiselela uhlelo lokubhaka amabhuleki aphuthumayo. Isebenza ngokubambisana ne-adaptive cruise control, i-radar yayo esetshenziselwa ukuthola izinto eziphambi kwemoto. Isistimu, ngemuva kokuthola isithiyo ngaphambili, iqala ukucindezela kancane amaphedi amabhuleki emelene nama-disc. Ngakho-ke, uma umshayeli ecindezela ibhuleki, uzokwamukela impendulo esheshayo. Ngokusho kwabasunguli, uhlelo olusha lusebenza kangcono kuneBrake Assist ejwayelekile. UBosch uhlela ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuphepha olubikezela esikhathini esizayo. Okukwazi ukukhombisa isimo esibucayi phambili ngokudlidliza kwama-brake pedals.

Ukulawulwa okunamandla kohlelo lwe-elekhtrikhi lwe-elekthronikhi

Ukulawula amabhuleki anamandla. Olunye uhlelo lukagesi yiDBC, Dynamic Brake Control, oluthuthukiswe ngonjiniyela bakwaBMW. Lokhu kufana nezinhlelo zeBrake Assist ezisetshenziswa, isibonelo, ezimotweni zakwaMercedes-Benz neToyota. Isistimu ye-DBC iyasheshisa futhi ikhuphule ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi ku-actuator yamabhuleki esimweni sokuma kwesimo esiphuthumayo. Futhi lokhu kuqinisekisa ubuncane bebanga lokubhuleka ngisho nalapho kungekho mzamo onganele kumaphedali. Ngokusekelwe kudatha yezinga lokunyuka kwengcindezi namandla asetshenziswa ku-pedal, ikhompuyutha inquma ukwenzeka kwesimo esiyingozi futhi ngokushesha ibeka ingcindezi enkulu ohlelweni lwamabhuleki. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ibanga lokuma lemoto yakho. Iyunithi yokulawula ngaphezu kwalokho icabangela isivinini semoto nokuguga kwamabhuleki.

Uhlelo lwe-Electronic braking system lwe-DBC

Uhlelo lwe-DBC lusebenzisa isimiso sokukhulisa umfutholuketshezi, hhayi isimiso se-vacuum. Lolu hlelo lwe-hydraulic luhlinzeka ngomthamo ongcono futhi onembe kakhulu wamabhuleki uma kwenzeka kuba nokuma okuphuthumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DBC ixhunywe ku-ABS naku-DSC, ukulawula ukuzinza okunamandla. Uma imisiwe amasondo angemuva ayalayishwa. Uma uvalwe ekhoneni, lokhu kungadala ukuthi i-asi ye-engemuva yemoto ishelele ngenxa yomthwalo owandayo ku-ekseli langaphambili. I-CBC isebenza ngokubambisana ne-ABS ukumelana ne-axle flex yangemuva ngenkathi ibhuleka emakhoneni. I-CBC iqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kahle kwamandla amabhuleki emakhoneni, ukuvimbela ukushelela ngisho nalapho kufakwa amabhuleki. Isimiso sokusebenza. Kusetshenziswa amasiginali avela kuzinzwa ze-ABS nokuthola isivinini samasondo, i-SHS ilawula ukwanda kwamandla okubhaka amabhuleki kusilinda ngasinye sebhuleki.

Isinxephezelo se-elekhtroni

Ngakho-ke ikhula ngokushesha esondweni langaphambili, elingaphandle kwe-spin, kunakwamanye amasondo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuba usebenze ngamasondo angemuva ngamandla aphakeme amabhuleki. Lokhu kunxephezela izikhathi zamandla ajwayele ukuzungezisa umshini azungeze i-eksisi eqonde mpo phakathi ne-braking. Uhlelo lusebenza ngokuqhubekayo futhi alunakwa ngumshayeli. Uhlelo lwe-EBD, ukusatshalaliswa kwamabhuleki nge-elekthronikhi. Uhlelo lwe-EBD lwenzelwe ukusabalalisa kabusha amabhuleki phakathi kwamasondo angaphambili nangemuva. Kanye namasondo ngakwesokunene nangakwesobunxele semoto, kuya ngezimo zokushayela. I-EBD isebenza njengengxenye yesiteshi sendabuko esine-4 esilawulwa ngombane i-ABS. Lapho umisa imoto eqonde phambili, umthwalo usatshalaliswa kabusha. Amasondo angaphambili alayishiwe namasondo angemuva awalayishiwe.

I-ABS - uhlelo lwe-electronic braking

Ngakho-ke, uma amabhuleki angemuva ethuthukisa amandla afanayo namabhuleki angaphambili, amathuba okuthi amasondo angemuva akhiye azokhuphuka. Isebenzisa izinzwa zesivinini samasondo, iyunithi yokulawula ye-ABS ibona lesi sikhathi futhi ilawula amandla okufaka. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla phakathi kwama-axles ngesikhathi sokubhuleka kuncike kakhulu kumthwalo womthwalo kanye nendawo yawo. Isimo sesibili lapho ukungenelela kwe-elekthronikhi kuba usizo lapho ume nge-engeli. Kulesi simo, amasondo angaphandle ayalayishwa futhi amasondo angaphakathi akhululiwe, ngakho-ke kukhona ingozi yokuvinjelwa kwabo. Ngokusekelwe kumasiginali asuka kuzinzwa zamasondo kanye nenzwa yokusheshisa, i-EBD inquma izimo zokubhuleka kwesondo. Futhi ngosizo lwenhlanganisela yama-valve, ilawula ukucindezela koketshezi olunikezwa insimbi ngayinye yamasondo.

Ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-braking electronic

I-ABS isebenza kanjani? Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukunamathela okuphezulu kwesondo ebusweni bomgwaqo, kungaba i-asphalt eyomile noma emanzi, i-paver emanzi noma iqhwa eligingqiwe, kutholakala ngesiliphu esithile, noma kunalokho ngamaphesenti ayi-15-30. Yikho lokhu kushelela okuwukuphela kwento evunyelwe futhi efiselekayo, enikezwa ngokulungisa izinto zohlelo. Ziyini lezi zinto? Okokuqala, siyaqaphela ukuthi i-ABS isebenza ngokwakha izingcindezi zengcindezi yoketshezi lwamabhuleki edluliselwa emasondweni. Zonke izimoto ezikhona ze-ABS zinezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko. Izinzwa zibekwe emasondweni futhi ziqopha ijubane lokujikeleza, idivaysi yokucubungula idatha nge-elekthronikhi kanye ne-modulator noma i-modulator, izinzwa. Cabanga onqenqemeni lwe-pinion lunamathele kuhabhu lamasondo. I-transducer ifakwe ngaphezu kokuphela komqhele.

Luyini uhlelo lwe-elekhtrikhi lwemoto?

Iqukethe ingqikithi kazibuthe etholakala ngaphakathi kwekhoyili. Amandla kagesi afakwa ku-winding njengoba igiya lizungeza. Imvamisa yayo ilingana ngqo nejubane le-angular lesondo. Imininingwane etholwe ngale ndlela kusuka enzwa idluliselwa ngekhebula kuyunithi yokulawula ngogesi. Iyunithi yokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi, ethola ulwazi oluvela emasondweni, ilawula idivayisi ngokulawula izikhathi zokukhiya kwazo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuvinjelwa kubangelwa ingcindezi eyeqile kukamakha wamabhuleki kulayini okuyiholela esondweni. Ubuchopho bukhiqiza umyalo wokwehlisa ingcindezi. Ama-modulators. Ama-modulators, imvamisa aqukethe ama-valve amabili we-solenoid, enza lo myalo. Eyokuqala ivimba ukufinyelela koketshezi olayini odlula usuka ku-master cylinder uye esondweni. Futhi owesibili, ngokucindezelwa ngokweqile, uvula indlela yoketshezi lwamabhuleki echibini lebhethri elinengcindezi ephansi.

Izinhlobo zohlelo lwe-braking electronic

Ezinhlelweni ezibiza kakhulu futhi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezineziteshi ezine, isondo ngalinye linebhuleki lokulawula ingcindezi yamabhuleki ngalinye. Ngokwemvelo, inani lezinzwa zesilinganiso se-yaw, ama-modulators wokucindezela neziteshi zokulawula kuleli cala lilingana nenombolo yamasondo. Zonke izinhlelo ezineziteshi zenza umsebenzi we-EBD, zilungise ukubopha kwe-asi. Okushibhile kunesimoduli esisodwa esivamile nesiteshi esisodwa sokulawula. Ngale ABS, wonke amasondo abulawa amagciwane lapho okungenani elinye lawo livinjiwe. Uhlelo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lunezinzwa ezine, kepha lunama-modulators amabili neziteshi ezimbili zokulawula. Balungisa ingcindezi ku-ekseli ngokuya ngesignali evela enzwa noma esondweni elibi kakhulu. Ekugcineni, baqala uhlelo lweziteshi ezintathu. Ama-modulators amathathu walolu hlelo asebenzela iziteshi ezintathu. Manje sesisuka embonweni sizijwayeza ukwenza. Kungani kufanele ulwele ukuthenga imoto nge-ABS?

Ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-braking electronic

Esimeni esiphuthumayo, lapho ucindezela ngokwemvelo isigaxa samabhuleki ngamandla, kunoma yikuphi, ngisho nasezimweni zomgwaqo ezimbi kakhulu, imoto ngeke ijike, ngeke ikuphazamise. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukulawulwa kwemoto kuzohlala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungazungeza isithiyo, futhi uma ume ekhoneni elishelelayo, gwema ukushushuluza. Umsebenzi we-ABS uhambisana nokushwiba ngamandla ku-pedal brake. Amandla abo ancike ekwakhekeni okukhethekile kwemoto nomsindo odlikizayo ovela kwimodyuli ye-modulator. Ukusebenza kwesistimu kukhonjiswa ilambu lesikhombi elibhalwe "ABS" kuphaneli yethuluzi. Isikhombi siyakhanya lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe futhi kucisha imizuzwana emi-2-3 ngemuva kokuqala injini. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukumisa imoto nge-ABS akumele kuphindwe noma kuphazanyiswe.

I-electronic brake drive

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhabha, iphedali yebhuleki kumele icindezeleke ngamandla amakhulu. Uhlelo ngokwalo luzohlinzeka ngebanga elincane kakhulu lamabhuleki. Emigwaqeni eyomile, i-ABS inganciphisa ibhuleki lemoto cishe ngama-20% uma iqhathaniswa nemoto enamasondo akhiyiwe. Eqhweni, eqhweni, i-asphalt emanzi, umehluko, impela, uzobe mkhulu kakhulu. Ngiqaphelile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ABS kusiza ukukhulisa impilo yamathaya. Ukufakwa kwe-ABS akukhuphuli kakhulu izindleko zemoto, akuphikisi ukuyigcina kwayo futhi akudingi amakhono akhethekile okushayela kumshayeli. Ukuthuthuka okungaguquki kokuklanywa kwamasistimu kanye nokwehla kwentengo yawo maduze kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi kuzoba yingxenye ebalulekile, ejwayelekile yezimoto zazo zonke izigaba. Izinkinga ngomsebenzi we-ABS.

Ukuthembeka kohlelo lwe-braking electronic

Qaphela ukuthi i-ABS yanamuhla inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu kakhulu futhi ingasebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokwehluleka.Izakhi ze-elektroniki ze-ABS zehluleka kakhulu. Njengoba zivikelwe ngokudluliswa okukhethekile namafyuzi, futhi uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, isizathu salokhu sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokwephula imithetho nezincomo ezizokhulunywa ngezansi. Abasengozini kakhulu esifundeni se-ABS yizinzwa zamasondo. Kutholakale eceleni kwezingxenye ezijikelezayo zehabhu noma i-asi. Indawo yalezi zinzwa ayiphephile. Ukungcola okuhlukahlukene noma ukuvunyelwa okukhulu kakhulu kuma-hub bearings kungadala ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa, okuvame ukuba yimbangela yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-ABS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-voltage phakathi kwamatheminali ebhethri ithinta ukusebenza kwe-ABS.

Amandla amabhuleki wesistimu kagesi

Uma i-voltage yehlela ku-10,5 V nangaphansi, i-ABS ingakhutshazwa ngokuzimela ngeyunithi yezokuphepha kagesi. Ukudluliswa okuvikelayo nakho kungakhutshazwa phambi kokushintshashintsha okungamukeleki kanye nokuqubuka kwenethiwekhi yezimoto. Ukugwema lokhu, akunakwenzeka ukunqamula izinqwaba zikagesi ngokushisa okukhona nenjini esebenza. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokuqinile isimo soxhumano loxhumana nabo be-generator. Uma udinga ukuqala injini ngokuyiqhuba ibhethri langaphandle noma ngokuvikela imoto yakho. Njengomnikeli wale njongo, gcina le mithetho elandelayo. Uma uxhuma izintambo kusuka kwibhethri langaphandle ukuze ukuthungela kwemoto yakho kucime, ukhiye uyasuswa kukhiye. Vumela ukushaja kwebhethri imizuzu engu-5-10. Iqiniso lokuthi i-ABS inamaphutha ikhonjiswa ngesibani sokuxwayisa kuphaneli yethuluzi.

Ukuhlola uhlelo lwe-electronic braking

Ungathathi ngamawala kulokhu, imoto ngeke ishiywe ingenamabhuleki, kepha uma imisiwe, iziphatha njengemoto entula i-ABS. Uma inkomba ye-ABS ifika ngenkathi ushayela, misa imoto, cisha injini bese ubheka amandla kagesi phakathi kwamatheminali ebhethri. Uma iwela ngaphansi kuka-10,5 V, ungaqhubeka nokushayela bese ushaja ibhethri ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma inkomba ye-ABS ivula futhi icime ngezikhathi ezithile, kungenzeka ukuthi othintana naye othile kusifunda se-ABS avalekile. Imoto kufanele ishayelwe emseleni wokuhlola, zonke izintambo zihlolwe futhi oxhumana nabo bakagesi bakhunyulwe. Uma kungatholakali imbangela yesibani se-ABS blinking. Kunemisebenzi eminingi ehlobene nokugcinwa noma ukulungiswa kohlelo lwamabhuleki lwe-ABS.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini i-auxiliary braking system? Lolu wuhlelo olukwazi ukugcina isivinini esithile semoto. Isetshenziselwa ukushayela ekwehleni okude, futhi isebenza ngokuvala ukuhanjiswa kukaphethiloli kumasilinda (i-engine brake).

Iyini isistimu yamabhuleki ephuthumayo eyisipele? Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngokubhuleka okufanele uma uhlelo lokubhuleka oluyinhloko lwehluleka. Iphinde isebenze uma ukusebenza kahle kwemoto enkulu kuncipha.

Iyini isistimu yokubhuleka? Imoto isebenzisa isistimu yamabhuleki esebenzayo (eyinhloko), ukupaka (ibhuleki lesandla) kanye nensiza noma izimo eziphuthumayo (ezimeni eziphuthumayo lapho imoto enkulu ingasebenzi).

Iluphi uhlelo lokubhuleka olusetshenziswa ukubamba imoto emi? Ukuze ugcine imoto emile yodwa endaweni yayo, isibonelo, lapho ukupaka ekwehleni, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwebhuleki yokupaka.