Ungopha kanjani uhlelo lwamabhuleki?

Cabanga ushayela uya endaweni oyithandayo ngempelasonto lapho kuvela into eyingozi ngokuzumayo endleleni yakho. Unomzuzwana ohlukanisiwe ozophendula ngokufanele futhi uvimbele ingozi engenzeka.

Uma ufaka amabhuleki, ngokuzethemba ulindela ukuthi asebenze ngesikhathi futhi anciphise ijubane lemoto. Kungani singabethemba kangaka? Isizathu ukuthi lezi zingxenye zisebenzisa imithetho ye-physics, futhi ngenhlanhla, ingxenye enkulu, azikaze zisiphoxe.

Lapho nje into iqala ukunyakaza, kulokhu kuyimoto, inamandla. La mandla akhiqizwa ngoba imoto inesisindo esihle futhi iba nejubane elithile ohlangothini oluthile. Isisindo esikhulu, isivinini siyanda.

Kuze kube manje, konke kunengqondo, kepha kuthiwani uma ngokungazelelwe kufanele ume? Ukuhamba ngokuphepha kusuka ekuthuthumeleni ngokushesha uye endaweni yokuphumula yokuphumula, kufanele ususe la mandla. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwamabhuleki olwaziwa kahle.

Luyini uhlelo lwe-braking?

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi luyini uhlelo lwamabhuleki ezimoto, kepha bambalwa abantu abazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezenzeka kulo uma sicindezela ibhuleki. Kuvela ukuthi lokhu kukhwabanisa okulula (ukucindezela ukubopha) kuqala izinqubo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokunjalo, umshayeli usebenzisa izinto zabo ukunciphisa ijubane emotweni.

Ngokuvamile, uhlelo luhamba ngezinqubo ezintathu ezibalulekile:

• Isenzo umfutholuketshezi;
• Ukuqinisa isenzo;
• Isenzo esijwayelekile.

Amabhuleki angenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izimoto. Ziwa ezinhlotsheni eziningana eziyisisekelo, futhi futhi, ukubaluleka kwazo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwemithetho yezokuphepha, kungavunyelwe ngisho nokushayela imoto enesistimu yamabhuleki engalungile.

Lo mshini womshini uthatha amandla avela ku-chassis ngokuxhumana nezinto ezingqubuzanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngenxa yokushayisana, uyakwazi ukwehlisa ijubane noma ayimise ngokuphelele imoto ehambayo.

Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zamabhuleki

Njengoba sishilo, izinhlobo ezihlukanisa zibe yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Umfutholuketshezi unyathela amabhuleki. Isebenza ngesisekelo sokuhamba koketshezi kumasilinda nokungqubuzana;
• Ugesi unyathela amabhuleki. Isebenza ngenjini kagesi;
• Uhlelo lwe-Braking nge-servo drive. Isibonelo, i-vacuum;
• Uhlelo lwe-braking mechanical olunezinto eziyinhloko ukuxhuma kwemishini.

Ngabe uhlelo lwe-braking lusebenza kanjani ezimotweni?

Uhlelo lusebenza ngama-brake calipers, okuyizinhlobo ezimbili - amabhuleki e-disc nawedrum. Ngezakhi ezisebenzisekayo, umshayeli angancika ngokuphelele kuhlelo lwamabhuleki lwemoto yakhe.

Imvamisa amadiski afakwa kumasondo angaphambili kuthi izigubhu zifakwe ngemuva. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimoto zesimanje ezisezingeni eliphakeme zinama-disc brakes kuwo womane amasondo.

Lapho umshayeli ecindezela i-pedal brake, ingcindezi yenziwa futhi ikhuliswe yinjini. Lo mphumela oqinisa amandla wenza amabhuleki aphendule ngokushesha nangokunembile. Amandla akhiqizwayo afaka i-piston ku-master cylinder, okwenza ukuthi uketshezi lwamabhuleki luhambe ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

Ngokunjalo, uketshezi luthatha indawo yebhuleki yesilinda (amabhuleki wesigubhu) noma ama-brake calipers (ama-disc brakes). Umfutho wempi udala amandla okuqambelana anciphisa imoto ijubane.

Isici sokubopha idiski

Uketshezi olucindezelwe luqala ukugelezela ku-caliper briper, kuphoqa ukuthi amaphakethe angene ngaphakathi phakathi ne-disc ejikelezayo. Lokhu kuvamise ukwenzeka ngokusebenza kwamasondo angaphambili.

Ngakho-ke, lapho ingxenye ebambene yebhuleki ihlangana ngqo ne-disc, ukungqubuzana kwenzeka. Lokhu-ke kunciphisa nejubane lediski, elixhunywe kwihabhu lamasondo, elinikela ekwehleni kwejubane bese lima endaweni yalo.

Isici samabhuleki esigubhu

Lapha, uketshezi olucindezelweyo lungena kwisilinda samabhuleki esiseduze kwesondo elihambisanayo. Ngaphakathi kunepiston ehambela ngaphandle ngenxa yengcindezi yoketshezi. Le nhlangano yangaphandle ngokufanele ibangela ukuthi izingxenye zebhuleki zihambe ziye esigubhini esijikelezayo.

Lapho nje beqala ukuzihlikihla esigubhini, umphumela ofanayo wenziwa njengasemasondweni angaphambili. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wamapayipi, amandla afudumele ashubile akhishwa, kepha imoto isamile endaweni.

Lapho kudingeka ukopha uhlelo lwamabhuleki?

Akunasidingo sokukhuluma ngokubaluleka kwale nqubo isikhathi eside, ngoba amabhuleki angaphutha kungekudala angaholela engozini. Kunencazelo efanayo nokushintsha uwoyela wenjini.

Uhlelo lwe-braking, njengazo zonke ezinye izindlela, alunakonakala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izakhi zalo ziyabhujiswa, futhi izinhlayiya ezincane zingena ku-brake fluid. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusebenza kwayo kuyalahleka, futhi kwezinye izimo ulayini ungaphuka. Uhlelo lungaguga ngokushesha okukhulu kunokulindelekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikubeki eceleni ukuthi kungenzeka umswakama ongena esifundeni. Lokhu kuyingozi ngoba kubanga ukugqwala. Njengomphumela, ama-actuator angaba ngezikhathi ezithile. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, uzolahlekelwa ukulawula ukwehla futhi ngakho-ke amandla amabhuleki emoto azokwehla.

Ukuphela kosindiso kuleli cala kuzoba ukushintshwa kwazo zonke izingxenye, ukubopha uketshezi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwalo. Umthetho omuhle wesithupha ukwenza lokhu njalo eminyakeni eyi-1-2 noma i-45 km. Vele, lesi sikhathi singafinyezwa uma kunesidingo.

Abanye abashayeli babhekene nalesi simo esilandelayo. Ngaphambi kokushiya esiteshini sezinsizakalo, umakhenikha ubuza, bathi, ngabe kunesifiso sokwenza ukwehla, nokuthi yini okungaziwa. Kuhle uma, noma ezimweni ezinjalo, umnikazi wemoto evuma, noma ngabe kuvela ukuthi le yinqubo elula.

Eqinisweni, le ndlela ayinzima nakancane. Ungazenzela egalaji lakho. Nazi ezinye zezinyathelo zokuthi ungazenzela kanjani wena futhi wonge izindleko ezingadingekile.

Ilungiselela ukwehlisa uhlelo lwamabhuleki

Yonke le nqubo izothatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10-20, kepha kuya kakhulu ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho. Kudingeka amathuluzi akhethekile wokopha amabhuleki. Ungathenga ikhithi yobuchwepheshe, noma ungenza okuzenzela ngezinto zodoti.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga izinto ezilandelayo:

• Ibhodlela lepulasitiki elingenalutho ama-1,5 amalitha;
• Isikrola esilingana ne-caliper nut;
• Ipayipi elincane lenjoloba.

Senza imbobo ku-cap yebhodlela, ukuze ipayipi lingene ngokuqinile kuyo futhi umoya ungangeni esitsheni uqobo.

Imfundo yesinyathelo-by-step

Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukukhipha uketshezi lwamabhuleki olungcolile ebhodleleni lepulasitiki ngaphandle kokulahla. Indlela eyiyo yokwenza lokhu ngesirinji (ephuma echibini lesilinda esiyinhloko). Uma usuqedile, udinga ukuthela uketshezi olusha echibini.

Isitsha esikhethekile esigcinwe kuso sivame ukufakwa ilebula, kepha kusamele uzame ukugcwalisa kancane ngaphezu kwezinga eliphezulu. Lokhu kuyadingeka njengoba inani elincane loketshezi lizolahleka ngesikhathi sokuncipha.

Ukwenza lula isinyathelo esilandelayo, sikweluleka ukuthi uphakamise imoto futhi ususe wonke amathayi ukuze ukwazi ukubona abashayeli bamabhuleki uqobo. Ngemuva kwabo uzobona ukulingana, eduze kwalapho kutholakala khona ipayipi lamabhuleki.

Isimiso silula, kepha kufanele uqaphele kakhulu. Beka ibhodlela eduze kwensimbi ne-hose yenjoloba ekhomba phezulu, ngoba umoya uya njalo lapho.

Ukuphela kwamahhala kwepayipi bese kubekwa kokulingana. Ukuvimbela umoya ukuthi ungangeni kulayini, i-hose ingakhanywa ngocingo lweplastiki. Susa isikulufu kancane nge-wrench uze ubone amabhamuza omoya nolunye uketshezi lwamabhuleki.

Lapho nje umoya usuphumile, udinga ukungena emotweni bese ucindezela ibhuleki kancane. Ngakho-ke, ungaqiniseka ukuthi usebenze uhlelo futhi ukwehla kuzokwenzeka kahle kakhulu.

Inqubo iyaphindwa esondweni ngalinye. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi udinga ukuqala ngevili elikude kakhulu bese usuka kwelikude uye kweliseduze. Siqeda ngesondo ngasohlangothini lomshayeli.