Okufanele ukhethe: i-variator noma i-othomathikhi

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kungamelwa ngu-gearbox wama-robotic, i-othomathikhi yakudala ne-variator. Lapho uthenga imoto, umthandi wemoto ucabanga ukuthi iliphi igearbox azolikhetha; okungcono: i-variator noma i-transmission ezenzakalelayo. Lapho ukhetha phakathi kokuhlukahluka nomshini ozenzakalelayo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ahluke kanjani, ucabangele ubuhle nobubi bawo, futhi uqonde nokuthi imuphi amadivayisi onokwethenjelwa.

Ukudluliswa kwe-CVT

Njenganoma ikuphi okunye ukudlulisa, i-variator iyithuluzi eliguqula i-torque isuke enjini iye emasondweni. Ukudluliswa kwe-torque kwenziwa ngokungakhathali ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lokulawula. Kaningi, i-variator ibekwa ngesifinyezo esithi “CVT” (Continuously Variable Transmission), esihumusha sisuselwa esiNgisini sisho “ukudlulisa nge-torque eqhubekayo”.

Izinhlobo ze-CVT

Ngokuya ngocingo, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezilandelayo:

• amaketanga;
• Ibhande le-V;
• toroidal.

I-VT belt esetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke.

I-V-belt CVT iqukethe i-V-belt ebekwe phakathi kwamapulleys amabili okuslayida. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwemoto, ama-pulleys ayacindezelwa, bese ahlanganiswa, anikeze ushintsho ku-gear ratio. Inhloso enkulu ye-CVT ukuhlinzeka ngoshintsho olubushelelezi, olungenazinyathelo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngezimoto, ngezikuta, ngezithuthuthu nezinye izinto zokusebenza.

Ku-variator ye-CVT chain, amandla adluliswa ngemikhawulo ehlanganisiwe yezixhumanisi zamaketanga, futhi amandla okudonsa adluliselwa ngochungechunge.

Ezingafani ze-toroidal, esikhundleni samapulisi, kusetshenziswa ama-tapered discs, esikhundleni sebhande, ama-roller. Bayakwazi ukudlulisa i-torque ethe xaxa. Ukwenza izingxenye zalolu hlobo lwe-CVT, insimbi enamandla amakhulu iyadingeka, okugcina kuthinte izindleko zayo.

Izinzuzo nobubi be-CVT

Inzuzo enkulu yokudluliswa kwe-CVT yikhono lokuhlinzeka ngoshintsho oluqhubekayo ku-torque. Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungcono namandla emoto.

Okubi kokuhlukahluka kufaka:

1. Ukwehluleka ukuyifaka ezimotweni ezinenjini enamandla.
2. Imithwalo emikhulu, ukudonsa noma ukushayela ngendlela ehlelekile kuma-revs aphezulu kuzoholela ekugqokeni okusheshayo kwebhande le-variator, futhi, ngokufanele, ekuwohlokeni kweCVT.

Ukudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kulawulwa yisikhethi sokushintsha esitholakala emhubheni ophakathi noma kukholamu yokuqondisa (ezimotweni zaseMelika). Ukuhambisa isikhethi endaweni ethile kukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe imodi yokushayela oyifunayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukhethe izindlela ezikhethekile zokusebenza zokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo: ubusika, ezemidlalo, ukonga. Umehluko ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli phakathi kwezindlela ezijwayelekile, ezemidlalo nezomnotho ucacile.

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo okudala kune-gearbox yamaplanethi, uhlelo lokulawula kanye ne-torque converter. Umshini ungasetshenziswa ezimotweni, emalolini nasemabhasini.

Isiguquli setorque siqukethe ipompo namasondo ophephela ophethe ophendulayo ophakathi kwabo. Isondo lempompo lixhunywe kwi-crankshaft yenjini, isondo le-turbine lixhunywe ku-gearbox shaft. Isiphenduli, ngokuya ngemodi yokusebenza, sijikeleza ngokukhululekile noma sivinjelwe nge-clutch eyeqile.

Ukudluliswa kwe-torque kusuka enjini kuya ku-gearbox kwenzeka ngokugeleza ketshezi (uwoyela) okukhishwa yizingcingo ezifaka impepho emaceleni ophephela. Izikhala eziphakathi kwe-impeller ne-turbine zincane, futhi izindwani zazo zinomumo othize owenza isiyingi esiqhubekayo sokujikeleza kukawoyela. Ngakho-ke, akukho ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwenjini nokudluliswa, okufaka isandla ekudlulisweni okubushelelezi kwemizamo yokudonsa.

Isiguquli se-torque siguqula isivinini sokujikeleza kanye ne-torque edlulisiwe kububanzi obulinganiselwe, ngakho-ke ibhokisi lamagiya leplanethi elinamabala amaningi linanyathiselwe kulo. Inikeza nokunyakaza okuphindayo.

Ukususwa kwamagiya kwenzeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi kawoyela kusetshenziswa imikhuba yokuhilizisana. Ingcindezi phakathi kwamabhahlana ngokuya nge-gearbox operation algorithm isatshalaliswa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwama-solenoid valve (solenoids) alawulwa yiyunithi yokulawula.

Ububi bokudlulisela nge-othomathikhi yizindleko zayo eziphakeme, kanye nokwanda kophethiloli.

Izici zokuqhathanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zama-gearbox

Iyiphi idivayisi engcono: i-variator noma umshini ozenzakalelayo? Masenze isici sokuqhathanisa esivumela ukuthi ubone umehluko futhi unqume ukuthi imaphi amabhokisi angcono futhi athembekile.

Umehluko phakathi kokuhlukahluka nomshini wokuzenzakalela ngokombono wezomnotho

Yimuphi u-gearbox ongcono ngokwezindleko zokusebenza: i-CVT noma i-othomathikhi? Ake siqhathanise ezinye izinkomba.

1. Uketshezi lokuhambisa. Izinguquko zikawoyela we-CVT zivame kakhulu futhi zibiza kakhulu.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli. Okokhelekayo emotweni efakwe i-variator kuyonga kakhulu.
3. Ukulungiswa. Ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwe-variator kubiza kakhulu kunokusebenzisa umshini. I-CVT iyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebucayi.

Yize kubiza kakhulu ukugcina i-CVT, ibhokisi uqobo lushibhile kunomshini. Futhi ngokusetshenziswa okufanele kwebhokisi, lingahlala isikhathi eside futhi ngaphandle kokulungiswa.

Iyiphi idivayisi engcono ngokuthembela

Ukunquma izinga lokuthembeka kwamadivayisi, sibeka izimo eziningi ezinzima:

• kungenzeka ukudonsa;
• ngaphandle emgaqweni;
• isivinini esikhulu;
• ukugibela ezemidlalo.

I-variator ayikwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima. Ibhande lakhe ngeke limelane nengcindezi. Isibhamu somshini sizokwenza kangcono lapha. Ukukhishwa kwe-CVT - ukunyakaza okushelelayo ngaphandle kokusheshisa okunokhahlo.

Unganquma kanjani ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi efakwe emotweni

1. Kuyadingeka ukutadisha imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yomshini. Igama le-variator yi-CVT, umshini ozenzakalelayo yi-AT.
2. Thatha idrayivu yokuhlola. Uma i-variator ifakiwe, ngeke uzizwe izinguquko zamagiye. Umshini "ungalalelwa" futhi ubhekwe nge-tachometer. I-CVT isebenza ngokhiye owodwa, kulinganiswa. Kodwa-ke, kungaba khona imodi ekhethekile elingisa izinguquko zamagiya futhi evumela umshayeli ukuthi azizwe zigudluka.

Ake sifingqa

Namuhla, ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo kuvame kakhulu kune-CVTs. Kepha lesi sakamuva sinamandla amakhulu. Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kuphephe ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinamandla amakhulu namakharavili adonswayo. Ngokombono womnotho, okuguqukayo kubukeka kukuhle.

I-CVT noma i-othomathikhi? Ukuzikhethela kungokwakho. Futhi kuzoya ngezici zamadivayisi eziza kuqala kuwe. Uyakuthanda ukushayela kwedolobha elibushelelezi emotweni encane yomgibeli? Inketho yakho i-CVT. Uma ukhetha ukushayela kwezemidlalo noma uvame ukusebenzisa i-trailer, khona-ke umshini ozenzakalelayo ungcono kuwe.