Amalambu e-Xenon vs halogen: okuhle nokubi
Izibani zezimoto ziyisici esibalulekile sokukhanyisa emotweni nokuphepha kwayo. Namuhla, imakethe yemithombo yokukhanya yemoto imane inkulu futhi abaningi bakuthola kunzima ukukhetha nokushintsha isibani esivamile ngesisha. Kulesi sihloko, sizoqhathanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zamalambu akhanyayo futhi sikutshele ukuthi iyiphi okufanele ikhethwe: i-halogen noma i-xenon?
Ziyini izibani ze-halogen?
Izibani ze-halogen zasungulwa kudala - ngaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka edlule. Ukusungulwa kubonakale kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi umbono ulula kakhulu. Isibani se-halogen siqukethe i-tungsten filament ezacile endaweni ye-halogen, yonke evalwe nge-capsule yengilazi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu. Ku-flask yesibani se-incandescent, i-iodine kanye ne-bromine compounds yethulwa esimweni se-gaseous, esivimbela ukuhwamuka okusheshayo kwe-tungsten nokushiswa okusheshayo kwe-filament. Lapho i-voltage isetshenziswa, i-filament iyakhazimula futhi insimbi (i-tungsten) iyahwamuka emculweni. Ngakho-ke, izibani ze-halogen, ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwazo, zazinobukhulu obuncane kakhulu, futhi zanda nokukhishwa kokukhanya kanye nensiza.
Yiqiniso, manje izibani ze-halogen sezithuthuke kakhulu ngekhwalithi. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi banikeza inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zezibani ze-halogen. Ngenani eliphansi kanye nokukhethwa okubanzi, banezici ezinhle zokukhanyisa, kodwa futhi banezinkinga zabo.
Izinhlobo zezibani ze-halogen namuhla:
ukulinganisa;
ngokukhanya okwandisiwe;
ngamandla anda;
sonke isimo sezulu;
ngempilo ende yesevisi;
induduzo ebonakalayo ethuthukisiwe.
Ayini amalambu emoto e-xenon futhi ayini?
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abasunguli bafika embonweni wokuthi ukuvunguza kwe-autolamp kungathathelwa indawo ingxube yamagesi athile. Thatha iflaski yengilazi
izindonga eziwugqinsi, lapho igesi ye-inert, i-xenon, iphonswa ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
Namuhla, abanye abakhiqizi endaweni yesibani se-xenon "indawo" ye-mercury vapor. Aphinde ashiswe yi-xenon, kodwa atholakala ku-bulb yangaphandle ehlukile. I-Xenon ngokwayo ikhipha ukukhanya okumhlophe okugqamile, kuyilapho i-mercury nomhwamuko wayo kudala ukukhanya okupholile, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ama-electrode amabili abekwe ngaphakathi kwesibani se-xenon ebangeni eliseduze ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kusukela ngaphandle, othintana nabo ababili balingana nalawa ma-electrode, njengesibani esivamile, lokhu kuhlanganisa nokususa. Ngemuva kwesibani kune-high-voltage "iyunithi yokushisa", okuyinto ebalulekile yesistimu. Empeleni, "intambo yokubopha" exhunywe kusistimu yamandla emoto futhi ixhuma isibani nebhulogi yokuthungela.
Iyunithi yokuthungela iletha ukukhishwa kwe-voltage ephezulu kuma-electrode, lapho kwakhiwa khona i-arc kagesi. I-arc idala inkambu kazibuthe kagesi, yona eyenza kusebenze ingxube yamagesi angenayo. Idlula kuwo ngokwawo amandla kagesi, i-xenon iqala ukukhipha ukukhanya.
Ngemuva kokuthi iyunithi yokuthungela inikeze ukunikezwa kwamanje ku-voltage ephezulu futhi ukukhanya kwesibani kucushiwe, ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo kwamanje kuyadingeka, okuzosekela ukuvutha okuqhubekayo.
Ngokusho kohlobo lokukhiqiza, izibani ze-xenon zihlukaniswe zaba zangempela kanye nendawo yonke. Ama-Xenon bulb angempela afakwe ezimotweni ezivela embonini yomkhiqizi, ama-universal xenon bulbs afakwa ku-optics yemoto, lapho iguqulelwa kulolu hlobo lokukhanyisa.
Ngokusho kohlobo lokuklama, izibani ze-xenon zihlukaniswe
1. I-Mono-xenon - lawa ama-light bulb ane-fixed bulb. Bahlinzeka ngemodi eyodwa kuphela yokukhanya - eduze noma kude.
2. Ama-Bixenon ama-bulb ane-bulb egudlukayo nekhethini elikhethekile. Ngomgomo wokusebenza kwe-magnetic resonance, zinikeza kokubili ukukhanya okuseduze nakude. Uma ushintsha amamodi, uzibuthe wehlisa noma uphakamisa isibani, okuqinisekisa ukukhishwa kohlobo olulodwa noma olunye lokukhanya.
Ngohlobo lokufaka:
1. Ku-projektha noma i-optics eguquliwe - lawa ama-light bulb anesisekelo esibhalwe ukuthi S. Afakwe ngokukhethekile kulens.
2. Ku-reflex noma i-optics evamile - lawa ama-light bulb anesisekelo esibhalwe ukuthi R. Afakwe ku-optics elula yezimoto ezine-reflector yekhwalithi ephezulu. Bane-coating ekhethekile ephikisana ne-reflective esibani sesibani, esiqeda ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya okungalungile.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezibani ze-xenon ne-halogen
Sihlole isimiso sokusebenza kwalezi zibani ezimbili, kodwa kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi zihluke kanjani nokuthi hlobo luni lwezibani zemoto okufanele zikhethe.
Inani. Lapha inzuzo ngokusobala ingeyezibani ze-halogen. Ngokuvamile ishibhile kunamalambu e-xenon ukuwakha, ukuwathengisa, ukuwafaka nokuwalungisa. Yiqiniso, kunezinketho zesabelomali ze-xenon: izibani ezinjalo zinomthombo ophansi kancane nokuzinza kwekhwalithi, futhi impilo yabo yenkonzo isuka eminyakeni eyodwa kuya kwemithathu. Izibani ezivela kubakhiqizi abaziwayo zihlale ziyi-oda lobukhulu ezibiza kakhulu, zisebenzisa izinto ezingcono, futhi impilo yesevisi ngokuvamile okungenani iminyaka emithathu.
Ukukhanyisa. I-Xenon ikhanya ngokuphindwe kabili kune-halogen, ngakho amalambu e-xenon akhanyisa umgwaqo omningi. Kodwa-ke, ukukhanya kwezibani ze-halogen kusebenza kangcono enkungwini.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Amalambu e-halogen adinga amandla amancane ukuze aqale, kodwa asebenzisa amandla amaningi uma esebenza. Amalambu e-Xenon asebenzisa igesi njengomthombo wamandla, ngakho adla ugesi omncane.
Ukuqina. Ukuphila kwesevisi yezibani ze-xenon okungenani amahora angu-2000, kuyilapho izibani ze-halogen zingahlala amahora angu-500-1000 (kuye ngokuthi izimo zokusebenza, umenzi, njll.).
Umbala wokukhanya okukhiphayo. Ukukhanya kwezibani ze-xenon kune-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, efana nokukhanya kwemini yemvelo. Ukukhanya kwezibani ze-halogen kune-tint ephuzi efudumele.
Ukukhipha ukushisa. Izibani ze-Xenon, ngokungafani nezibani ze-halogen, azikhiphi ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kodwa zikhanya kuphela. Izibani ze-halogen zishisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngakho-ke amandla amaningi asetshenziselwa ukushisa, hhayi ekukhanyeni, okuwahlukanisa ngokuphawulekayo ku-xenon. Kuvele ukuthi i-xenon ingasetshenziswa ngisho nasezibani zangaphambili zepulasitiki.
Isikhathi sokuqala. Izibani ze-halogen ziqala ukukhanya ngokukhanya okugcwele kusukela ngesikhathi zikhanyiswa, kuyilapho amalambu e-xenon ethatha imizuzwana embalwa ukufudumala aze afike ekukhanyeni okugcwele.
Izici zokufaka amalambu emoto e-halogen ne-xenon
Kufanele kuqashelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho usebenza namalambu aphambili. Izibani ze-halogen zingaqhekeka uma amafutha emvelo avela eminweni yakho efika kuwo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, idivayisi ishisa kufika ku-500 ° C. Lapho ufaka, ungathinti ingilazi ngezandla zakho, kungcono ukugqoka amagilavu endwangu noma ukusebenzisa ama-rags.
Ukufakwa kwezibani ze-halogen kulula futhi kwenziwa ngokususwa noma ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwelambu. Esimweni sesibili, udinga nje ukuthatha isibani esisha bese usifaka endaweni.
Ukufaka izibani ze-xenon kuyisethi enzima kakhulu, uzodinga i-resistor kanye newasha yokukhanya okuphoqelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izibani ze-xenon ziqukethe izinto ezinobuthi njenge-mercury. Uma isibani esinjalo siphuka, singase sibe nomthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abashayeli basabela ngokushesha nangendlela enembile ezimweni zomgwaqo ngamalambu e-xenon kunamalambu e-halogen. Kodwa-ke, amalambu akhanyayo e-xenon angakwazi ukukhazimula abanye abashayeli, yingakho ukuleveliswa kwamalambu okuzenzakalelayo kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-Xenon isho ukukhanya okuphezulu, ukukhanya kwemini kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane kwemoto, kanye nokwanda kokubonakala nokuphepha komshayeli emgwaqeni! Zihlala isikhathi eside, kodwa ukufakwa okufanele kubalulekile lapha. Futhi uma amathuba engakuvumeli, khona-ke izibani ze-halogen zizoba enye indlela enhle kakhulu.
