Izinhlobo zamalambu ezimoto

Imishini yokukhanyisa izimoto iyisethi yamadivayisi afakwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle kozungezo lwemoto, futhi enikeza ukukhanya komgwaqo ebumnyameni, akhombise ubukhulu bemoto, futhi axwayise nangokuhamba kwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Amalambu okukhanya emoto okuqala asebenza kaphalafini, kwase kuvela ama-incandescent bulbs ka-Edison, futhi imithombo yesibani yesimanje iqhubekele phambili. Sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo zamalambu ezimoto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulesi sihloko.

AmaZinga Amalambu Ezimoto

Izibani zezimoto zihlukile hhayi ngohlobo nje kuphela, kodwa nasesisekelweni. Isisekelo esinezintambo ezijwayelekile saphakanyiswa ngu-Edison ngo-1880, futhi kusukela lapho kwavela izinketho eziningi. Kunezindinganiso ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-plinth ezitholakala ku-CIS:

1. I-GOST yasekhaya 17100-79 / GOST 2023.1-88.
2. I-European IEC-EN 60061-1.
3. I-ANSI yaseMelika.

Izinga laseYurophu livame kakhulu futhi linezimpawu zalo ezinquma uhlobo lwesibani nesisekelo. Phakathi kwazo:

• T - isho isibani esincane (T4W).
• W (ekuqaleni kwesikhundla) - akunasisekelo (W3W).
• W (ekugcineni ngemuva kwenombolo) - kukhombisa amandla kuma-watts (W5W).
• H - ukuqokwa kwamalambu e-halogen (H1, H6W, H4).
• C - soffit.
• Y - isibani se-orange isibani (PY25W).
• R - Ibhokisi 19 mm (R10W).
• P - isibani 26,5 mm (P18W).

Izinga lasekhaya lineziqu ezilandelayo:

• A - isibani semoto.
• MN - encane.
• C - soffit.
• I-KG - i-quartz halogen.

Ekuqokweni kwamalambu asekhaya kunezinombolo ezibonisa imingcele ehlukahlukene.

Isibonelo, i-AKG 12-24 + 40. Inombolo yokuqala ngemuva kwezinhlamvu ikhombisa i-voltage, ngemuva kwedeshi - amandla kuma-watts, kanye ne- "plus" ikhombisa imizimba emibili ye-incandescent, okungukuthi, ugongolo oluphansi futhi oluphakeme olunokuqokwa kwamandla. Ukwazi lezi ziqu, unganquma kalula uhlobo lwedivayisi nemingcele yalo.

Izinhlobo zezisekelo zamalambu ezenzakalelayo

Uhlobo lokuxhuma ne-cartridge luvame ukukhonjiswa emzimbeni. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-plinths asetshenziswa ezimotweni.

I-Soffit (S)

Ama-Spotlights asetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa ingaphakathi, amapuleti elayisense, isiqu noma ibhokisi leglavu. Zitholakala phakathi koxhumana nabo abalayishwe entwasahlobo, okubenza babukeke njengama fuse. Kumakwe ngohlamvu S.

Okuphakanyisiwe (P)

Ofeleba balolu hlobo baqokelwa ngohlamvu P futhi basetshenziswa kakhulu kwizibani zamabhamu aphezulu futhi aphansi, lapho kudingeka khona indawo ecacile yesihlobo esivunguza nomzimba. Futhi, izibani ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi izibani ezigxile.

Okungenasisekelo (W)

Amalambu alolu hlobo aqokwa ngohlamvu W. izintambo zensimbi zakheka kumagagasi wesibani futhi zinamathiselwe ngenxa yokuqina kothintana nabo abazungeze lezi zingodo. Lawa ma-bulb angasuswa futhi afakwe ngaphandle kokujika. Imvamisa, lokhu kuyindinganiso encane (T). Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni nasemigqonyeni yezimbali.

I-Pin (B)

Amalambu ephini asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni. Ukuxhumeka okunjalo kubizwa nangokuthi i-bayonet, lapho isisekelo silungiswa ku-chuck ngokujika.

Uxhumano lwephini olulinganayo negama lesi-BA kanye nokuxhuma kwe-pin okungalingani (i-BAZ, BAY) nakho kuhlukanisiwe. Uhlamvu oluncane lokumaka lukhombisa inani loxhumana nabo: p (5), q (4), t (3), d (2), s (1).

Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa indawo yamalambu ezenzakalelayo, uhlobo lwawo nokumaka esisekelweni.

Ungasifaka kuphi isibani emotweni	Uhlobo lwelambu	Uhlobo lwesisekelo
Isibani sekhanda (phezulu / phansi) namalambu enkungu	R2	P45t
	H1	Ama-P14,5s
	H3	Ama-PK22s
	H4	P43t
	H7	I-PX26d
	H8	PGJ19-1
	H9	PGJ19-5
	H11	PGJ19-2
	H16	PGJ19-3
	H27W / 1	I-PG13
	H27W / 2	PGJ13
	HB3	P20d
	HB4	P22d
	HB5	PX29t
Izibani zamabhuleki, izinkomba zokuqondisa (ngemuva / ngaphambili / ohlangothini), amalambu angemuva	I-PY21W	BAU15s / 19
	P21 / 5W	BAY15d
	I-P21W	I-BA15
	W5W (eceleni)
	WY5W (eceleni)
	R5W, R10W
Amalambu okupaka nokukhanya kwegumbi	I-T4W	Ama-BA9 / 14
	I-H6W	I-PX26d
	C5W	I-SV8,5 / 8
Ukukhanyisa kwangaphakathi nokukhanyisa kwetrunk	10W	SV8,5 I-T11x37
	R5W	Ama-BA15 / 19
	C10W

Izinhlobo zama-car bulbs ngohlobo lokukhanyisa

Ngaphandle komehluko ohlotsheni lokuxhuma, imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa izimoto iyahluka ngohlobo lokukhanyisa.

Ama-incandescent bulbs ajwayelekile

Ama-bulbs anjalo asetshenziswa kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke. I-tungsten noma i-carbon filament isetshenziswa njenge-filament. Ukuvimbela i-tungsten ekungeniseni i-oxidizing, umoya ukhishwa ebhodleleni. Lapho amandla enikezwa, intambo ishisa kuze kufike ku-2000K futhi inikeze ukukhanya.

I-tungsten eshisiwe ingahlala ezindongeni zebhokisi, kunciphise ukubonakala. Imvamisa intambo iyaphela. Ukusebenza kahle kwemikhiqizo enjalo kusezingeni le-6-8%. Futhi, ngenxa yobude be-filament, ukukhanya kuhlakazekile futhi akuniki ukugxila okufunayo. Ngenxa yalokhu nokunye ukungalungi, amalambu ejwayelekile e-incandescent awasasetshenziswa njengomthombo omkhulu wokukhanya ezimotweni.

IHalogen

Isibani se-halogen sisebenza futhi kumgomo we-incandescent, isibani kuphela esiqukethe imiphunga ye-halogen (i-buffer gas) - iodine noma i-bromine. Lokhu kukhuphula izinga lokushisa kwekhoyili liye ku-3000K futhi kubuye kwandise impilo yenkonzo kusuka kuma-2000 kuye kumahora we-4000. Umkhiqizo okhanyayo uphakathi kuka-15 no-22 lm / W.

Ama-athomu we-Tungsten akhishwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza asabela nge-oxygen eyinsalela kanye namagesi we-buffer, aqeda ukuvela kwediphozithi ebhodleleni. Ukuma kwesilinda kwesibani kanye nokuvunguza okufishane kunikeza ukugxila okuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo enjalo isetshenziswa kakhulu kwizibani eziphambili ezimotweni.

I-Xenon (ukukhishwa kwegesi)

Lolu uhlobo lwesimanjemanje lwemishini yokukhanyisa. Umthombo okhanyayo yi-arc kagesi eyakhiwe phakathi kwama-electrode amabili e-tungsten, atholakala kubhalbhu eligcwele i-xenon. Ukwandisa ukuphuma kokukhanya, i-xenon icindezelwe kufika kuma-atmospheres angama-30. Ukushisa kombala wemisebe kufinyelela ku-6200-8000K, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka izimo ezikhethekile zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwezibane ezinjalo. I-spectrum isondele ekukhanyeni kwemini, kepha kukhona nezibani ze-mercury-xenon ezinikezela ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ugongolo olukhanyayo alusasebenzi. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izibonakaliso ezikhethekile ezigxila ekukhanyeni ohlangothini olufunayo.

Amadivayisi anjalo anikeza ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu, kepha kukhona nezithiyo ekusetshenzisweni kwawo. Okokuqala, imoto kufanele ifakwe i-othomathikhi yokuguquguqula uhlelo lokugoqa nokuwasha amalambu ukuvikela ukubenyezela kwezimoto ezizayo. Ibhlokhi yokuthungela futhi iyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngamandla kagesi we-arc.

I-LED

Izakhi ze-LED zithola ukuthandwa ngokwengeziwe manje. Ekuqaleni, amalambu e-LED ayesetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi amalambu amabhuleki, amalambu angemuva, njll. Esikhathini esizayo, ama-automaker angashintshela ngokuphelele ekukhanyeni kwe-LED.

Ukukhanya kwamalambu anjalo kwakheka njengomphumela wokukhishwa kwama-photon kuma-semiconductors lapho kufakwa ugesi. I-spectrum ingahluka ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali. Amandla wezibani ze-LED zezimoto angafika ku-70-100 lm / W, okuphindwe kaningi kunalawo wezibani ze-halogen.

Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-LED zifaka:

• vibration futhi ukushaqeka ukumelana;
• ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu;
• ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi;
• izinga lokushisa eliphakeme;
• ubungane bemvelo.

Kungenzeka yini ukufaka i-xenon namalambu e-LED kumalambu angaphambili

Ukuzifaka kwe-xenon noma amalambu e-LED kungaholela ezinkingeni zomthetho, ngoba amandla abo aphakama kaningana kunalawo e-halogen. Kunezinketho ezintathu eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa amalambu we-LED auto:

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-LED ogongolo oluphansi nophakeme ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa yi-automaker, okungukuthi, imoto yathengwa kulokhu kulungiswa.
2. Kungenzeka ukuzifaka ngokuzimela ama-LED noma i-xenon, uma kuhlinzekelwe ngamazinga okubiza kakhulu wemodeli yemoto. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka ushintshe ngokuphelele amalambu.
3. Ukufakwa kwama-LED kwizibani ezijwayelekile ze-halogen zemoto.

Le ndlela yokugcina ayikho emthethweni ngokuphelele, ngoba ubukhulu nobukhulu bokukhanya buyashintsha.

Naka ukufaka ilebula. Uma i-HR / HC icacisiwe, lokhu kufana nokusetshenziswa kwamalambu e-halogen. Okwe-xenon, inkomba ehambisanayo yi-D ne-LED yama-diode. Amandla womthombo wokukhanya akufanele ahluke kulawo amenyezelwe ngumenzi.

Kukhona nezidingo ezithile zeCustoms Union technical Regulations zemishini ye-LED neye-xenon. Kufanele kube nohlelo lokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwesibani sokukhanya nge-engela, kanye nedivayisi yokuhlanza. Uma kwenzeka kwephulwa umthetho, inhlawulo yama-ruble angu-500 inikezwa. Kwezinye izimo, kuze kube ukuphucwa amalungelo kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni owodwa.

Lapho ukhetha futhi ushintsha amalambu emoto, kufanele unake ukumaka ukuze ukhethe uhlobo olufanele. Kuyafaneleka ukukhetha lawo mabhaluni anconywe ngumenzi.