Izinhlobo zezingilazi zemoto, ukumakwa kwazo nokufaka amakhodi

Impela wonke umnikazi wemoto uzibonile ukumakwa ngaphambili, ohlangothini noma emawindini angemuva emoto. Iqoqo lezinhlamvu, izinombolo, nezinye izincazelo eziqukethwe kuyo liqukethe imininingwane eminingi ewusizo kumshayeli - ngokuqaqa lo mbhalo, ungathola ulwazi ngohlobo lwengilazi esetshenzisiwe, usuku lokwenziwa kwalo, futhi yakhiqizwa nobani futhi nini. Esikhathini esiningi, isidingo sokusebenzisa ukumaka sivela ezimweni ezimbili - lapho kushintshwa ingilazi eyonakele nenqubo yokuthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe.

Uma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kuvela ukuthi kufakwe enye ingilazi - okungenzeka kakhulu, lokhu kubangelwe ukugqoka kwayo ngokomzimba noma ingozi, kepha ukushintshwa kwezingilazi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu cishe kuzoqinisekisa ukutholakala kwengozi enkulu esikhathini esedlule.

Kuyini ukucwebezela imoto

Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ijubane lokuhamba kwezimoto libuye lenyuka, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izidingo zekhwalithi yokubuka kanye nokukwazi ukubona indawo ezungeze imoto ngenkathi ushayela nakho kukhuphuke kakhulu.

Ingilazi yezimoto iyinto yomzimba eyenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezinga elidingekayo lokubonakala nokwenza umsebenzi wokuvikela. Izibuko zivikela umshayeli nabagibeli eziphepheni, uthuli nokungcola, imvula namatshe ahamba ngaphansi kwamasondo ezinye izimoto ezihambayo.

Izidingo eziyinhloko zengilazi ezenzakalelayo yilezi:

• Ukuphepha.
• Amandla.
• Ukuthembeka
• Impilo yomkhiqizo eyanele.

Izinhlobo zengilazi yemoto

Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zengilazi yemoto:

• I-Triplex.
• I-Stalinite (ingilazi enomsindo).

Zinokuhluka okuphawulekayo futhi zinezici ezihluke ngokuphelele.

I-Triplex

Izibuko ze-Autoglass ezikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-triplex ziqukethe izingqimba eziningana (imvamisa zintathu noma ngaphezulu), ezixhumene nefilimu esobala eyenziwe ngezinto zepolymer kusetshenziswa amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Imvamisa, izingilazi ezinjalo zisetshenziswa njengezifasitela zomoya (amawindi wangaphambili), futhi kwesinye isikhathi njengaseceleni noma okuchanyuselwa (uphahla lwe-panoramic).

I-Triplex inezinzuzo eziningi:

• Ihlala isikhathi eside ngokweqile.
• Uma ukushaywa bekunamandla, nengilazi yonakele kabi, izingcezwana ngeke zisabalale ngaphakathi kuyo yonke imoto, kulimaze abashayeli nabagibeli. Ifilimu epulasitiki esebenza njengomdlali ohlangothini izobamba.
• Amandla engilazi nawo azomisa umhlaseli - kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukungena efasiteleni, ukwephula ingilazi enjalo.
• Izibuko ezenziwe ngobuchwepheshe be-triplex zinezinga eliphakeme lokunciphisa umsindo.
• Yehlisa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa futhi ayimelani nemiphumela yokushisa.
• Kungenzeka ukushintsha kombala.
• Ubuhlobo bendawo.

Okungalungi kwengilazi enamathele kufaka:

• Intengo ephezulu yemikhiqizo.
• Isisindo esikhulu.
• Inkimbinkimbi yenqubo yokukhiqiza.

Uma ingilazi enamathele iphukile ngenkathi imoto ihamba, izingcezwana ngeke zisabalale phakathi kwekhabini, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha okwengeziwe kubo bonke abagibeli nomshayeli wemoto.

Ukushuba kwephakeji elijwayelekile le-triplex kuyehluka kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-7 mm. Okuqinisiwe nakho kukhiqizwa - ukushuba kwayo kufinyelela kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-17 mm.

Ingilazi efudumele

Ingilazi enomoya omnene ibizwa ngokuthi yi-stalinite, futhi, ngokufanele, yenziwa ukufuthelana. I-workpiece ishisa ekushiseni kwama-350-680 degrees, bese ipholile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakheka ukucindezela okucindezelayo ebusweni bomkhiqizo, okwazi ukuqinisekisa amandla aphezulu engilazi, kanye nokuphepha nokushisa komkhiqizo.

Lobu buchwepheshe buvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kohlangothi lwezimoto namawindi angemuva.

Uma kwenzeka kuba nomthelela oqinile, ingilazi ezenzakalelayo enjalo idilika ibe izingcezu eziningi ezinemiphetho ebuthuntu. Akunconywa ukuthi uyibeke endaweni yesivikelo somoya, ngoba uma kwenzeka ingozi umshayeli nabagibeli basengalimala yibo.

Kuyini ukumakwa kwengilazi ezenzakalelayo?

Ukumakwa kusetshenziswa kumawindi emoto ekhoneni elingezansi noma ngaphezulu futhi liqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• Imininingwane mayelana nomkhiqizi wengilazi noma uphawu lokuhweba.
• Amazinga.
• Usuku okwenziwa ngalo.
• Uhlobo lwengilazi.
• Ikhodi ebethelwe yezwe enikeze imvume yokulawula.
• Amapharamitha angeziwe (imininingwane emayelana nokumboza okulwa nokubonisa, ubukhona bokushisa kagesi, njll.

Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokumakwa kwengilazi yemoto:

• WaseMelika. Kwenziwe ngokuya ngezinga le-FMVSS 205. Ngokwaleli zinga lokuphepha, zonke izingxenye zemoto eziphuma kulayini womhlangano kumele zimakwe ngendlela efanele.
• EYurophu. Izinga lokuphepha elilodwa lamukelwe yiwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-European Union, futhi lisebenza kuwo wonke amawindi ezimoto athengiswa endaweni yawo. Ngokwezihlinzeko zayo, incwadi E kumele ibhalwe ku-monogram.

ERussia, ngokuya nge-GOST 5727-88, ukumaka kufaka ikhodi enezinhlamvu nezinombolo, equkethe yonke imininingwane ephathelene nohlobo lomkhiqizo, uhlobo lwengilazi okwenziwe ngalo, ubukhulu bayo, njengezimo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe.

Ukuhlelwa kokumakwa kwengilazi

Umkhiqizi

I-logo ekhonjiswe kokumakwa, noma uphawu lokuhweba, luzokusiza ukuthola ukuthi ngubani owenza umkhiqizi wengilazi yezimoto. Ngasikhathi sinye, ilogo ebekiwe kungenzeka ingahlali ingeyomkhiqizi oqondile - imininingwane ebekiwe ingahle ihambisane nenkampani eyingxenye yesivumelwano sokwenza ingilazi ezenzakalelayo. Futhi, ukumakwa kungasetshenziswa ngqo ngumenzi wemoto.

Amazinga

Ukumaka kuqukethe nohlamvu "E" kanye nenombolo efakwe kumbuthano. Lesi sibalo sikhombisa ikhodi yezwe yezwe lapho ingxenye yaqinisekiswa khona. Izwe lokwenziwa nokukhishwa kwesitifiketi kaningi liyaqondana, kepha-ke, lokhu kuyisimo sokuzikhethela. Amakhodi asemthethweni amazwe akhipha izitifiketi:

Ikhodi	izwe	Ikhodi	izwe	Ikhodi	izwe
E1	Germany	E12	Austria	E24	Ирландия
E2	France	E13	I-Luxembourg	E25	Croatia
E3	Italy	E14	Switzerland	E26	I-Slovenia
E4	Netherlands	E16	Norway	E27	Slovakia
E5	Sweden	E17	Finland	E28	Belarus
E6	Belgium	E18	Denmark	E29	Estonia
E7	Hungary	E19	ERomania	E31	IBosnia neHerzegovina
E8	Czech Republic	E20	Poland	E32	Латвия
E9	Spain	E21	Portugal	E37	Turkey
E10	Serbia	E22	ERussia	E42	Umphakathi waseYurophu
E11	E-England	E23	Греция	E43	Japan

Ukumaka kwe-DOT kusho ikhodi yefektri yomenzi wengilazi ezenzakalelayo. Esibonelweni esinikeziwe, i-DOT-563 icacisiwe, ingeyenkampani yaseChina i-SHENZHEN AUTOMOTIVE GLASS MANUFACTURING. Uhlu oluphelele lwezinombolo ezingenzeka luqukethe izinto ezingaphezu kwezingu-700.

Uhlobo lwengilazi

Uhlobo lwengilazi lokumaka lukhonjiswa ngamanani aseRoma:

• Ngi - ifasitela lomoya eliqinile;
• II - ifasitela lomoya elijwayelekile laminated;
• III - i-multilayer ecubungulwe ngaphambili
• IV - eyenziwe ngepulasitiki;
• V - asikho i-windshield, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okungaphansi kwama-70%;
• I-VI - ingilazi engqimba kabili, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okungaphansi kuka-70%.

Futhi, ukuthola uhlobo lwengilazi ekumakeni, kukhonjiswa amagama athi Laminated nelithi Lamisafe, asetshenziselwa ingilazi elaminethiwe, kanye ne-Tempered, Temperlite ne-Terlitw - uma ingilazi esetshenzisiwe inomoya.

Uhlamvu "M" ekumakeni luchaza ikhodi yalokho okusetshenzisiwe. Ungathola ulwazi mayelana nobukhulu bomkhiqizo nombala wawo.

Usuku lokukhiqiza

Idethi yokwenziwa kwengilazi ingakhonjiswa ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Ngokusebenzisa ingxenyana ethile, ekhombisa inyanga nonyaka, isibonelo: 5/01, okungukuthi, uJanuwari 2005.
• Kwesinye isimo, ukumaka kungaqukatha izinombolo ezimbalwa okuzodingeka zengezwe ukuze kutholakale usuku nenyanga yokukhiqiza. Okokuqala, unyaka ukhonjisiwe - ngokwesibonelo, "u-09", ngakho-ke, unyaka wokwenziwa kwengilazi ngu-2009. Umugqa ongezansi ubhala ngemfihlo inyanga yokwenziwa - isibonelo, "12 8". Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingilazi yakhiqizwa (1 + 2 + 8 = 11) ngoNovemba. Ulayini olandelayo ukhombisa usuku oluqondile lokukhiqizwa - isibonelo, "10 1 2 4". Lezi zibalo kuzodingeka nokuthi zengezwe - 10 + 1 + 2 + 4 = 17, okungukuthi, usuku lokukhiqizwa kwengilazi kuzoba ngoNovemba 17, 2009.

Kwezinye izimo, amachashazi angasetshenziswa esikhundleni sezinombolo ukukhombisa unyaka wokumaka.

Ukuchazwa okungeziwe

Izimpawu ezingeziwe ngendlela yama-pictograms ekumakeni zizosho okulandelayo:

• Umbhalo we-IR kumbuthano - ingilazi ye-athermal, chameleon. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwayo, kwanezelwa ungqimba lwefilimu, oluqukethe isiliva, inhloso yalo ukukhipha nokukhombisa amandla okushisa. I-coefficient yokubonisa ifinyelela ku-70-75%.
• Uphawu lwe-thermometer nezinhlamvu u-UU nomcibisholo ingilazi ye-athermal, okuyisithiyo emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. I-pictogram efanayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwezinhlamvu ze-UU, isetshenziswa engilazini ye-athermal enengubo ekhombisa ilanga.
• Imvamisa kusetshenziswa olunye uhlobo lwama-pictograms ezingilazini ze-athermal - isithombe sesibuko somuntu onomcibisholo. Lokhu kuzosho ukuthi kusetshenziswe ingubo ekhethekile ebusweni bomkhiqizo ukunciphisa amathuba okukhanya. Ingilazi ezenzakalelayo enjalo ithokomele ngangokunokwenzeka kumshayeli - yehlisa iphesenti lokukhombisa ngamaphoyinti angama-40 ngasikhathi sinye.
• Futhi, ukumaka kungaqukatha izithonjana ngesimo samaconsi nemicibisholo, okusho ukuthi kukhona ungqimba oludingiliza amanzi kanye nesithonjana se-antenna kumbuthano - ubukhona be-antenna eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Ukumakwa kokulwa nokweba

Ukumakwa kokulwa nokweba kuhilela ukufaka inombolo ye-VIN yemoto ebusweni bemoto ngezindlela eziningana:

• Ngendlela yamachashazi.
• Ngokuphelele.
• Ngokucacisa izinombolo zokugcina ezimbalwa zenombolo.

Ngenhlanganisela ekhethekile ene-asidi, inombolo ifakwa engilazini, izibuko noma amalambu emoto futhi ithatha umbala we-matte.

Lokhu kumakwa kunezinzuzo eziningana:

• Noma imoto enjalo intshontshwa, kuzoba nzima impela ukuyidayisa kabusha, futhi amathuba okubuyela kwayo kumnikazi ayokhula.
• Ngokumaka, ungathola ngokushesha ingilazi, amalambu noma izibuko ezebiwe ngabahlaseli.
• Lapho zisebenzisa izimpawu zokulwa nokweba, izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zinikeza isaphulelo kuzinqubomgomo ze-CASCO.

Amandla okufunda idatha ebethelwe kumaka asetshenziswe engilazini yemoto angaba wusizo kubo bonke abathandi bemoto lapho kudingekile ukushintsha ingilazi noma ukuthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe. Ikhodi, equkethe izinhlamvu nezinombolo, iqukethe imininingwane ngohlobo lwengilazi, umenzi wayo, izici, kanye nosuku lokukhiqizwa kwangempela.