Kuyini ukulumbana kwesondo futhi kungani kufanele ukuwuqaphe

Uma ubhekene neqiniso lokuthi lapho isondo lokuqondisa lehliswa, imoto idonswa eceleni, khona-ke ezimweni eziningi kuyadingeka ukulungisa ukuvumelana kwesondo. Le ipharamitha ebalulekile enquma ukuphepha nokududuzeka kwemoto. Kepha ngaphandle kokuwohloka, kukhona ipharamitha yesithathu ebalulekile, kodwa ngaphezulu kwalokho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. 

Kuyini ukuqondanisa kwesondo?

Le paramitha ikhombisa engele lamasondo, maqondana namanye, namasondo aya endizeni yendawo yomgwaqo. 

Abenzi bezimoto, bemodeli ngayinye, bahlinzeka ngamapharamitha ngamanye wama-engeli wokuqondanisa amasondo lapho kuzothuthukiswa khona ukusebenza kokumiswa nokuqondisa. 

Ama-camber angles anezincazelo ezihlukile, ngisho nasemotweni efanayo, kuye ngokuhlelwa. Lapho imoto imi noma ihamba ngaphandle komthwalo emgwaqweni ophethile, amasondo kufanele abe esezingeni lomgwaqo. Ngaphansi kokulayisha, i-camber iya ohlangothini olubi, ngakho-ke izimoto ezindala zenziwe nge -ambre eyakhayo. Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zinama-camber amabi ngoba la makona ahlinzeka ngokuqina okuhle kakhulu. 

Nge-toe-in, akukho okushintshile: uma ushayela, amasondo angaphambili ajwayele “ukuphuma” ngaphandle, ngakho-ke amasondo angaphambili aqale abheke ngaphakathi. 

Kungani kudingeka ukulungisa ukuqondanisa kwesondo

Lapho isondo lishaya emgodini omkhulu noma ngemuva kwengozi encane, ezinye izinto zokumiswa kanye ne-chassis emotweni zibalekile. Vele, i-coefficient yokufuduka ngqo incike emandleni omthelela.

ICamber kumele yenziwe noma ngabe umshayeli ushayela ngokucophelela futhi akakaze abe nengozi. Uma ungenzi lezi zinguquko, imoto izoba engazinzile. Futhi lokhu kumane nje kuyiphuzu leqhwa.

Iqiniso ngukuthi ukulahleka kokuzinza komshini kukhulisa ubungozi besimo esiphuthumayo. Futhi, ukuqondaniswa kwamasondo okuvezwe ngokungafanele (noma okungafanele) ezingxenyeni eziqondile zomgwaqo kuzoholela emotweni eceleni. Ukugcina ukuma kwemoto emzileni, umshayeli uzophendulela isiteringi ohlangothini olufunayo. Umphumela uba ukungalingani nokuqina kwesondo.

Kokunye, imoto iziphatha ngokungazinzi ngokweqile emgwaqeni - iyazulazula, futhi kufanele "uyibambe" njalo. Ngisho kulesi simo, ungakhohlwa ngemithombo yesikhathi eside yerabha lamasondo, ngoba amasondo awanaso isichibi sokuxhumana esifanele ne-asphalt. Kunezimo ezaziwayo lapho amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 engadluli phakathi kokushintshwa kwamathayi amasha.

Ama-engeli amasondo athinta ngokuqondile ukunethezeka nokuphepha kokugibela. Uma amapharamitha ehluke kakhulu kulawo asefekthri, ukumiswa kuzophila impilo yayo futhi kuphendule ngendlela engalungile ekulawuleni umshayeli. Izinkinga eziphakama ngamakhona adilizwe phansi:

• imoto iyehla ithrekhi, iya ohlangothini, ukuqondisa njalo kuyadingeka, okuvame ukuholela engozini;
• ngesivinini esikhulu, imoto iyaphonsa;
• ukugqokwa kwamathayi nezingxenye zokumiswa kuyakhuphuka;
• ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukhuphuka ngo-5-10%.

Ukulungiswa kwesondo kufanele kwenziwe nini

Ukulumbana kwamasondo kufanele kwenziwe ezimeni ezilandelayo:

• lapho ushayela, imoto iholela ohlangothini olulodwa noma “iphonsa” ezinhlangothini;
• ukugqokwa kwamathayi okungalingani;
• ngemuva kokulungiswa kokumiswa nokuqhutshwa (ukushintshwa kwamajoyinti ebhola, ukuqeda kanye nokufakwa kwe-levers, ukushintshwa kwezinduku namathiphu wokuqondisa kanye nokufakwa kwe-shock);
• uma kwenzeka kungaphatheki kahle kwemoto esemgwaqweni (ngokumiswa okungasemuva okungasemuva, imoto, uma ishayela ilayini eqondile, "ingaphonsa" ezinhlangothini).

Kuholela ohlangothini: kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi izingxenye zokumiswa ezithinta ama-alignment angles angles (izinduku nezeluleko zokuqondisa, amabhlokhi athulile, ukuhlangana kwebhola, amasondo ezinsondo) kusesimweni esihle. 

Ukugqoka okungakhathalekile: kufanele futhi uhlole igiya elisebenzayo, uma ngabe kunomthelela onamandla wesondo, bese uhlola i-lever ngejometry. 

Ukulungiswa kokumiswa: kuleli cala, ngemuva kokulungiswa kokumiswa, i-camber iyaphazamiseka, kanye no-caster (lapho kufakwa omunye umuntu esikhundleni sokumethusa). Ngaphambi kokuvakashela "ukuwa", akunconywa ukushayela isikhathi eside ngaphezu kwe-50 km / h, ukugwema ukugqwala okuqinile nokungalingani yerabha.

Ukuqondanisa kwesondo

I-Toe-in ibizwa ngokuthi i-engeli ngokuhloniphana. Uma ubheka isondo kusuka phezulu, ibanga phakathi phambi kwabo liyoba lincane. Lapho uhamba, umthetho wamandla okumelana usebenza, udala umzuzu wokuguqula mayelana ne-axis. Ngamagama alula - amasondo azovame ukuphuma, futhi lapho ehlehla - ngokuphambene. Lokhu kusebenza ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva. Le parameter ibizwa nge-positive convergence. 

Ezimotweni zokushayela ngamasondo angaphambili, lapho amasondo eguqulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi eqondiswa, amasondo azothambekela kokuphambene - ngaphakathi, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-negative convergence. 

Ngendlela, ekumisweni okumele okungemuva okusetshenziswayo, izinduku ze-toe-in zisetshenziswa ngokuzikhandla, ezingashintshwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingemuva lemoto liyakwazi ukuqondisa, kusiza ukuvula indlela efanelekile. 

Ungawamisa kanjani ama-engeli wokuvumelanisa amasondo ngokufanele:

Ngaphambi kokulungisa i-toe-in, izingxenye ezihlanganayo ezihlanganayo kufanele zihlolwe, amathiphu wokuqondisa aqhubekile athuthukisiwe, izinga lokuqinisa i-lever ku-knuckle knering. Zonke izimoto zabagibeli nezimoto ezihweba ezinesisindo esingama-3500 kg zingahle zilungiswe u-to-ume esitobhini usebenzisa ikhompyutha. Kulezi zinsuku, imishini ejwayelekile kakhulu yi-3D camber, esiza ukwambula ama-engeli ngezinga eliseduze. 

Imoto ifakwe esitobhini, kuhloswe okubekiwe okuhlangene namasondo, okubalwa ngokuhambisa isondo emuva naphambili nangasohlangothini. Imininingwane emayelana nama-engele amasondo iboniswa kuqapha le-computer, udinga kuqala ukhethe uhlobo, imodeli nonyaka wokwenza imoto ukuze usethe amapharamitha wefekthri.

I-razvalchik iqala ukulungisa amathiphu okuqondisa, iqinisa i-nut ngendlela eyodwa noma enye, kuye ngokuthi isikhundla sesondo. Lapho i-engeli yozwane ibonisa kumonitha kungemuva eliluhlaza, ithiphu liyaboshelwa, lolu hlangothi luyadalulwa. Ukusebenza okufanayo kwenzeka ngakolunye uhlangothi. 

I-Camber

I-Camber i-engeli ephakathi kwe-axle yesondo kanye ne-engeli eqondile. Ukugoqa kuyizinhlobo ezintathu:

• zero - ama-axles angaphezulu naphansi esondo ayafana;
• i-negative - ingxenye engenhla igcwele ngaphakathi;
• positive - ingxenye engenhla iphumela ngaphandle.

I-Zero camber iyatholakala uma imoto ihamba, iqinisekisa ukuqina nokuqina kokunamathela kokuqina komgwaqo. I-camber engalungile inyuka ngokulingana nesisindo semoto, iba nokuqina okungcono, kepha ukugqokwa kwesondo kuyenyuka engxenyeni engaphakathi. I-angle etholakalayo itholakala ezimotweni ezindala nakogandaganda, inxephezela ukuthamba kokumiswa kanye nesisindo semoto.

Ukumiswa ngemuva, ngisho nokuthembela kancane, kuyaziphendulela ngokulungiswa kwe-camber. Isibonelo, ezimotweni zama-VAZ drive ngaphambili, kunikezwa amapuleti we-camber amabi, afakwe phakathi kogongolo kanye nehabhu. Ipulasitiki idonsa i-axle engenhla yesondo ngaphakathi, ikhuphula ukuzinza kokhokho kanye nesivinini esikhulu sokuhamba. Ngokumiswa okuzimele, kunikezwe izigqoko zokwehlukanisa, ezidinga nokulungiswa. Ukuba khona kwabo kukhulisa kakhulu induduzo nokuphepha kwethrafikhi.

Ungawamisa kanjani ama-engeli e-camber ngendlela efanele:

Ukulungiswa kwenziwa futhi esitobhini. Umgembuli ulungiswa ngokuhlukile ngokuya ngomklamo wokumiswa, okungukuthi:

• ukumiswa kwe-double-lever (VAZ 2101-2123, Moskvich 412, GAZ 31105) - ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngokubeka ama-washers obunzima obuhlukene ngaphansi kwe-axis yengalo engenhla noma ephansi. Kudingeka ukuthi ukhulule amabhawodi amabili e-axle ye-lever, futhi ufake ama-washer phakathi kwe-beam ne-axle, ulawule i-angle ye-camber;
• ukumiswa kwe-double-lever yezimoto zanamuhla - ama-bolt eccentric anikezwa, okuthi, ajikeleze, akhiphe i-lever noma angene. Ibhawodi imakwe ngezingozi ezibonisa izinga lokulungiswa;
• ukumiswa okuzimeleyo kwangemuva kunengalo okungenani eyodwa ngohlangothi, evumelana nalawa ma-engeli. Njengomthetho, i-lever iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili, ezixhunywe ishafti eligoqiwe, ngenxa yokuthi lever iyelulwa noma ifinyeziwe;
• I-MacPherson strut front suspension - ukulungiswa ngokuma kwe-shock absorber. I-strut absorber strut ixhunywe kwi-knuckle yokuqondisa ngamabhawodi amabili. Izimbobo ku-rack ziyi-oval, ngenxa yokuthi, lapho i-bolt ikhululiwe, i-shock absorber inganwetshwa noma ihlehliswe. 

Ukulungiswa kweCamber kwenziwa ngezinzwane. Ngaphambi kwalapho, kufanele uqinisekise ubuqotho bezingxenye zokumiswa. I-engela yangempela yawo wonke amasondo ama-4 iyakhonjiswa kuqapha lekhompyutha. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, ohlotsheni ngalunye lwangaphambi kokufakelwa, ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngendlela ehlukile: ngokufaka noma ngokususa ama-washers, ngokulungisa imisebe yokuqhaqhaqhaqhaja, ukujikeleza izimbotshana ze-eccentric noma ukulungisa ubude be-lever. 

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukulungisa ukuqondanisa kwesondo? Kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 ngokwesilinganiso, kucatshangwa ukuthi wonke amabhulokhi nokuxhumeka aklanyelwe.

I-Caster angle. Le paramente ibhekele ukunyakaza okuqondile komugqa oqondile wesondo. Ukuqonda i-angle ye-caster, kufanelekile ukubheka ukuma kwesondo langaphambili esihlobene ne-arch: uma idluliselwe emuva emuva, ilulaza izici zokuphatha, futhi i-angle ye-caster kufanele ifane ku-eksisi eyodwa. Ngokulungiswa kwe-caster efanele, ukuvumela ukuhamba kwesondo lokushayela kushayela imoto iqonde. Imvamisa, i-caster angle isethwe ngumenzi futhi ayikwazi ukuguqulwa. Uma ngabe imingcele iphambukile, kutholakala ukuthi kutholakala kuphi lapho kutholwa abantu abaxakile.

Ungasikhetha kanjani isiteshi sesevisi

Iziteshi eziningi zensiza zingaqinisekisa ukuthi zinikeza ukuqondaniswa kwamasondo kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, uma inkosi ibeka ngokushesha imoto esanda kufakwa esitendini bese iqala ukushuna, ungaphazamisa inqubo ngokukhululekile bese ubheka esinye isiteshi sesevisi.

Iqiniso ngukuthi i-engeli efanele yokuthambekela kwamasondo ayikwazi ukumiswa ngokumiswa okuyiphutha komshini. Ngalesi sizathu, uchwepheshe uzoqala aqinisekise ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenza kahle. Ngenxa yokuxilongwa, izinkinga ezifihliwe zivame ukuvezwa okuthinta kamuva isikhundla samasondo.

Kuphela ngemuva kokuthi inkosi ithole ukumiswa kanye ne-chassis, lapho eqhubeka nokulungisa ukuqondanisa kwamasondo. Izingxenye ezisebenzekayo zinokubuyela emuva okuncane (futhi kokunye, kufanele kungabikho ngokuphelele). Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-engeli yamasondo izosethwa ngokungalungile (uma ngabe ku-chassis engalungile inkosi izokwazi ukwenza lokhu).

Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ngaphambi kokuvumela ochwepheshe ukuthi baqale ukusetha umshini, kufanele ucacise ukuthi ngabe benza ukuxilongwa kwegiya okusebenzayo noma cha.

Futhi i-nuance eyodwa ngaphezulu. Uma isikhathi eside umshayeli eshayela imoto ene-camber ehlehlisiwe, khona-ke amathayi ayo akade asephelile. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kokulungiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, imoto isaziphatha ingazinzi. Kulokhu, kufanele unake ikhwalithi yenjoloba, futhi ngokufanelekile, ukuyifaka esikhundleni sayo okusha.

Ngemininingwane yokuthi ungawaqondanisa kanjani amasondo ekhaya, bona ividiyo elandelayo:

ICamber - Ukuhlangana. Zenzele indlela kamkhulu. Ukwehla Kwehla ngaphandle kwesiteshi sesevisi

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ungahlola kanjani ukuqondana kwesondo? Emhlabathini oyisicaba, amasondo abekwe aqonde. Amamaki afakwa phezulu nangaphansi kwesondo. Ngokusebenzisa intambo yokumisa intambo eyehlisiwe ukusuka ephikweni, ibanga eliya kumamaki liyalinganiswa. Amasondo ajikeleziswa ngamadigri angama-90 futhi isilinganiso siyaphindwa.

Kungani udinga ukuhlangana kokugoqa? Uma ukulungiswa kuhlelwe ngendlela efanele, imoto izophathwa kakhulu, enomthelela omuhle ekuphepheni, kanye nasesikhathini sokushintsha isondo.

Kwenzekani uma ukuqondanisa kungalungile? Imoto izolahlekelwa ukulawuleka ngendlela efanele uma igijima kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuzonyuka, namathayi azoguga ngendlela engalingani.