Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwenzwa engqongqozayo

Imoto yesimanje ifakwe inani elikhulu lamadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, ngosizo lophiko lokulawula olulawula ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zezimoto ezahlukahlukene. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kangako ezikuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi injini iqala nini ukuhlushwa ukungqongqoza inzwa ehambisanayo.

Cabanga ngenhloso yayo, inqubo yokusebenza, idivaysi nokuthi ungabona kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwayo. Kepha okokuqala, ake sithole umphumela wokuqhuma emotweni - kuyini nokuthi kungani kwenzeka.

Kuyini ukuqhuma kanye nemiphumela yako?

I-Detonation kulapho ingxenye yenhlanganisela yomoya / kaphethiloli iqhelelene ne-spark plug electrode izishisa yodwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ilangabi lisakazeka ngokungalingani kulo lonke igumbi futhi kukhona ukucindezela okubukhali ku-piston. Imvamisa le nqubo ingabonwa ngokungqongqoza kwensimbi ekhalayo. Abashayeli abaningi kuleli cala bathi "kungqongqoza iminwe."

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, inhlanganisela yomoya nophethiloli ocindezelwe kusilinda, lapho kwakhiwa inhlansi, iqala ukubhebhethekisa ngokulinganayo. Ukushisa kuleli cala kwenzeka ngejubane lama-30m / sec. Umphumela wokuqhumisa awulawuleki futhi unenxushunxushu. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-MTC isha ngokushesha okukhulu. Kwezinye izimo, leli nani lingafinyelela ku-2 XNUMX m / s.

1) Spark ipulaki; 2) Igumbi lokushisa; A) Ukushisa okuvamile kwephethiloli; C) Ukungqubuzana komlilo kaphethiloli.

Ukulayisha okunjalo ngokweqile kuthinta kabi isimo sezingxenye eziningi zomshini we-crank (funda mayelana nedivayisi yale ndlela ngokwehlukana), kuma-valve, i-hydrocompensator ngamunye wabo, njll. Ukulungiswa kwenjini kwezinye izinhlobo kungabiza cishe isigamu semoto esetshenzisiwe efanayo.

Ukuqhuma kungakhubaza iyunithi yamandla ngemuva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha, ngisho nangaphambilini kwezinye izimoto. Lokhu kungasebenzi kuzoncika ku:

• Ikhwalithi ye-Fuel. Ngokuvamile, lo mphumela uvela ezinjini zikaphethiloli lapho usebenzisa uphethiloli ongafanele. Uma inani le-octane likaphethiloli lingahlangabezani nezidingo (imvamisa abashayeli bezimoto abangenalwazi bathenga uphethiloli oshibhile, one-RON ephansi kunaleyo edingekayo) eshiwo ngumkhiqizi we-ICE, khona-ke amathuba okuqhumisa aphezulu. Inombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe. kokunye ukubuyekeza... Kepha ngamafuphi, uma leli nani liphakama, anciphisa amathuba okuba nomphumela ocatshangelwayo.
• Imiklamo yeyunithi yamandla. Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, onjiniyela benza ukulungisa kwi-geometry yezakhi ezahlukahlukene zenjini. Ngenqubo yesimanje, isilinganiso sokucindezela singashintsha (kuchazwa lapha), i-geometry yegumbi lokushisa, indawo yamaplagi, i-geometry yomqhele we-piston neminye imingcele.
• Isimo semoto (isibonelo, idiphozi yekhabhoni kuma-actuator eqembu le-cylinder-piston, ama-o-ring agqokiwe, noma ukucindezela okwandisiwe ngemuva kwesimanje sakamuva) nezimo zokusebenza kwayo.
• Izwe ama-spark plugs(ukuthi unganquma kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwabo, funda lapha).

Kungani udinga inzwa yokungqongqoza?

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, umthelela womphumela wokuqhuma emotweni mkhulu kakhulu futhi uyingozi ukuthi isimo semoto singanakwa. Ukunquma ukuthi ukuqhuma okuncane kwenzeka kusilinda noma cha, injini yesimanje izoba nenzwa efanelekile ephendula ukuqhuma nokuphazamiseka okunjalo ekusebenzeni kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi (lo ngumbhobho omile oguqula ukudlidlizela komzimba kube yimizwa kagesi ). Njengoba i-elekthronikhi inikezela ngokulungiswa okuhle kweyunithi yamandla, kuphela injini yomjovo efakwe inzwa engqongqozayo.

Lapho ukuqhuma kwenzeka enjini, umthwalo weqa umthwalo awakhiwa ku-KShM kuphela, kepha nasezindongeni zamasilinda nakuma-valve. Ukuvimbela lezi zingxenye ekuhlulekeni, kuyadingeka ukulungisa ukushisa okuhle kwenhlanganisela yomoya kaphethiloli. Ukufeza lokhu, kubalulekile ukufeza okungenani izimo ezimbili: khetha uphethiloli ofanele bese usetha kahle isikhathi sokushisa. Uma lezi zimo zombili sezihlangatsheziwe, amandla weyunithi yamandla nokusebenza kwawo kuzofinyelela ipharamitha ephezulu.

Inkinga ukuthi ezimodeni ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza kwemoto, kuyadingeka ukuthi kushintshe kancane ukulungiselelwa kwayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yobukhona bezinzwa ze-elekthronikhi, kufaka phakathi ukuqhuma. Cabanga ngomshini wakhe.

Ungqongqoza inzwa yedivayisi

Emakethe yanamuhla yezimoto, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinzwa zokuthola ukungqongqoza kwenjini. Inzwa yakudala iqukethe:

• Indlu eboshelwe ngaphandle kwebhokisi lesilinda. Ekuklanyeni kwakudala, inzwa ibukeka njengebhulokhi elincane elithule (umkhono wenjoloba onekheji lensimbi). Ezinye izinhlobo zezinzwa zenziwa ngesimo se-bolt, ngaphakathi lapho kukhona zonke izinto ezizwelayo zedivayisi.
• Xhumana nama-washer atholakala ngaphakathi ezindlini.
• Isici sokuzwa nge-piezoelectric.
• Isixhumi sikagesi.
• Into engaphakathi.
• Iziphethu zaseBelleville.

1. Ama-washer wokuxhumana; 2. Inertial mass; 3. Ezezindlu; 4. Intwasahlobo yaseBelleville; 5. Ukubopha ibhawodi; 6. Isici sokuzwa sePiezoceramic; 7. Isixhumi sikagesi; 8. Ukuvimba amasilinda; 9. Ijazi lokupholisa eline-antifreeze.

Inzwa uqobo lwangaphakathi kwe-injini eyi-4-cylinder ivamise ukufakwa phakathi kwamasilinda wesibili nowesi-2. Kulokhu, ukubheka imodi yokusebenza kwenjini kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusebenza kweyunithi kukhuliswa hhayi ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle ebhodweni elilodwa, kodwa ngangokunokwenzeka kuwo wonke amasilinda. Kumamoto anokwakheka okwehlukile, ngokwesibonelo, inguqulo emise okwe-V, le divayisi izobekwa endaweni lapho kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ibone ukwakheka kwempi.

Isebenza kanjani inzwa engqongqozayo?

Ukusebenza kwenzwa engqongqozi kwehlisiwe kweqiniso lokuthi iyunithi yokulawula ingalungisa i-UOZ, inikeze amandla omlilo alawulwayo we-VTS. Lapho ukuqhuma kwenzeka emotweni, kudlidlizeliswa okunamandla kuyo. Inzwa ithola ukukhuphuka komthwalo ngenxa yokushisa okungalawuleki futhi ibaguqule ibe yimidumba kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zimpawu zithunyelwa ku-ECU.

Ngokuya ngolwazi oluvela kwezinye izinzwa, ama-algorithms ahlukene ayenziwa ku-microprocessor. I-elekthronikhi iguqula indlela yokusebenza yama-actuator ayingxenye yamasistimu kaphethiloli nokukhipha umlilo, ukuthungela imoto, futhi kwezinye izinjini kusetha ishifter yesigaba siqhubeke (incazelo yokusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza kwesikhathi se-valve eguquguqukayo lapha). Ngenxa yalokhu, imodi yokushisa ye-VTS iyashintsha, nokusebenza kwemoto kuvumelana nezimo eziguqukile.

Ngakho-ke, inzwa efakwe ku-cylinder block isebenza ngokulandela le nqubo elandelayo. Lapho umlilo ongalawulwa we-VTS uvela kusilinda, i-piezoelectric sensing element iphendula ukudlidlizela futhi yenze amandla kagesi. Uma imvamisa yokudlidliza iqina kakhulu emotweni, le nkomba iyanda.

Inzwa ixhunywe kwiyunithi yokulawula isebenzisa izintambo. I-ECU isethwe kunani elithile lamandla kagesi. Lapho isiginali idlula inani elihleliwe, i-microprocessor ithumela isignali ohlelweni lokuthungela ukushintsha i-SPL. Kulesi simo, ukulungiswa kwenziwa ekunciphiseni i-angle.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, umsebenzi wenzwa ukuguqula ukudlidlizela kube umfutho kagesi. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iyunithi yokulawula isebenzisa ama-algorithms wokushintsha isikhathi sokushisa, i-electronics iphinde ilungise ukwakheka kwenhlanganisela kaphethiloli nomoya. Lapho nje umkhawulo we-oscillation weqa inani elivunyelwe, i-algorithm yokulungisa i-elekthronikhi izobangelwa.

Ngaphezu kokuvikela ekulweni nomthwalo, inzwa isiza iyunithi yokulawula ukushuna iyunithi yamandla omlilo osebenza kahle kakhulu we-BTC. Le pharamitha izothinta amandla enjini, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, isimo sohlelo lokukhipha, ikakhulukazi i-catalyst (yokuthi kungani idingeka emotweni, kuchazwa ngokwehlukana).

Yini enquma ukuvela kwesibhamu

Ngakho-ke, ukugqashuka kungavela ngenxa yezenzo ezingafanele zomnikazi wemoto, nangenxa yezizathu zemvelo ezinganciki kumuntu. Esimweni sokuqala, umshayeli ngephutha angathela uphethiloli ongafanele ethangini (ngalokho okufanele ukwenze kuleli cala, funda lapha), kubi ukuqapha isimo senjini (ngokwesibonelo, ukwandisa ngamabomu isikhawu sokugcinwa kwenjini okuhleliwe).

Isizathu sesibili sokuvela komlilo ongalawulwa wephethiloli inqubo yemvelo yenjini. Lapho ifinyelela kuma-revs aphakeme, ukuthungela kuqala ukudubula ngemuva kwesikhathi lapho i-piston ifinyelela endaweni yayo ephezulu kakhulu kusilinda. Ngalesi sizathu, kumamodi wokusebenza ahlukile weyunithi, kungadingeka ukuthungela kwangaphambilini noma kamuva.

Ungadidanisi ukuqhuma kwesilinda nokudlidliza kwenjini yemvelo. Ngaphandle kobukhona izakhi zokulinganisela ku-crankshaft, ICE isadala ukudlidlizela okuthile. Ngalesi sizathu, ukuze inzwa ingabhalisi lokhu kudlidlizela njenge-detonation, ilungiselelwe ukuqala lapho uhla oluthile lokuzwakala noma lokudlidliza lufinyelelwa. Ezimweni eziningi, uhla lomsindo lapho inzwa izoqala ukukhombisa khona luphakathi kuka-30 no-75 Hz.

Ngakho-ke, uma umshayeli elalele isimo seyunithi yamandla kagesi (uwusebenzisa ngesikhathi), angawulayishi ngokweqile futhi agcwalise uphethiloli ofanele, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuqhumisa ngeke kuze kwenzeke. Ngalesi sizathu, isignali ehambisanayo kudeshibhodi akufanele inganakwa.

Izinhlobo zezinzwa

Konke ukuguqulwa kwezinzwa zesibhamu kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili:

1. I-Broadband. Lokhu ukuguqulwa kwedivayisi okuvame kakhulu. Bazosebenza ngokuya ngomgomo okhonjiswe ekuqaleni. Imvamisa zenziwa ngesimo sento eyindilinga eyindilinga enembobo phakathi nendawo. Ngale ngxenye, inzwa is screwed to the cylinder block nge-bolt.
2. Ukuvuma kabusha. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuyafana ekwakhiweni kwenzwa yokucindezela uwoyela. Imvamisa zenziwa ngesimo sentambo eboshiwe kanye nobuso bokufakwa ngentambo. Ngokungafani nokuguqulwa kwangaphambilini, okuthola ukunyakaza, izinzwa ze-resonance zithatha imvamisa yama-microexplosions. Lawa madivayisi enziwe ngezinhlobo ezithile zama-motors, ngoba imvamisa yama-microexplosions namandla awo incike kubukhulu bamasilinda namapiston.

Izimpawu Nezimbangela Zokungasebenzi Kokunzwa Kwe-Knock

I-DD enephutha ingakhonjwa ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. Ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile, injini kufanele isebenze ngokushelela ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokugxuma. I-Detonation ivame ukuzwakala ngomsindo wensimbi ngenkathi injini isebenza. Kodwa-ke, lesi sibonakaliso asiqondile, futhi uchwepheshe anganquma inkinga efanayo ngomsindo. Ngakho-ke, uma injini iqala ukuzamazama noma isebenza ngamajezi, kufanelekile ukuhlola inzwa yokungqongqoza.
2. Uphawu olulandelayo olungaqondile lwenzwa enephutha ukwehla kwezimpawu zamandla - ukusabela okungalungile esiteteleni segesi, isivinini sokwakha okungahambi ngokwemvelo (ngokwesibonelo, okuphezulu kakhulu kokungenzi lutho). Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi inzwa idlulisa idatha engalungile kuphiko lokulawula, ngakho-ke i-ECU ishintsha isikhathi sokushisa, ingasebenzi ukusebenza kwenjini. Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo ngeke kuvumele ukusheshisa kahle.
3. Kwezinye izimo, ngenxa yokwehla kwe-DD, i-elektroniki ayikwazi ukusetha i-UOZ ngokwanele. Uma injini selehlile, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokupaka ebusuku, kuzoba nzima ukuqala ukubanda. Lokhu kungabonwa kuphela ebusika, kodwa futhi nasenkathini efudumele.
4. Kukhona ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi ngasikhathi sinye zonke izinhlelo zezimoto zisebenza kahle, futhi umshayeli uyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa isitayela sokushayela esifanayo (noma ngabe sinemishini esebenzisekayo, isitayela esinolaka siyohlala sihambisana nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli).
5. Ilambu lenjini yokuhlola kudeshibhodi lafika. Kulokhu, i-elektroniki ithola ukungabikho kwesiginali esivela ku-DD bese inika iphutha. Lokhu kwenzeka futhi lapho ukufundwa kwenzwa kungokwemvelo.

Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi azikho kulezi zimpawu ezibalwe njengesiqinisekiso esingu-100% sokuhluleka kwenzwa. Zingaba ubufakazi bokunye ukungasebenzi kahle kwezimoto. Zingabonwa ngokunembile kuphela ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Kwezinye izimoto, inqubo yokuzixilonga ingenziwa isebenze. Ungafunda ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu. lapha.

Uma sikhuluma ngezimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa, khona-ke okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa:

• Ukuthintana ngokomzimba komzimba wenzwa nge-cylinder block kuphukile. Okuhlangenwe nakho kukhombisa ukuthi lesi isizathu esivame kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokwephula i-torque eqinisayo ye-stud noma i-bolt yokulungisa. Njengoba imoto isadlidliza ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi ngenxa yokusebenza okungalungile, isihlalo singangcoliswa ngamafutha, lezi zinto ziholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukulungiswa kwensimbi kubuthakathaka. Lapho i-torque yokuqina incipha, ukweqa okuvela kuma-microexplosions kutholwa kabi kunzwa, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyayeka ukuphendula kubo futhi kukhiqize imizwa kagesi, ichaze ukuqhuma njengokudlidliza kwemvelo. Ukuze uqede ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, udinga ukukhipha izihlanganisi, ususe ukungcoliswa kukawoyela (uma kukhona) bese uqinisa nje ukuqinisa. Kwezinye iziteshi zenkonzo ezingathembekile, esikhundleni sokukhuluma iqiniso ngenkinga enjalo, izingcweti zazisa umnikazi wemoto ngokuhluleka kwenzwa. Ikhasimende elinganaki lingasebenzisa imali ngenzwa entsha engekho, futhi uchwepheshe uzovele aqinise intaba.
• Ukwephula ubuqotho bezintambo. Lesi sigaba sifaka inani elikhulu lamaphutha ahlukile. Isibonelo, ngenxa yokulungiswa okungalungile noma okungalungile kolayini kagesi, ama-cores wezintambo angahle aqhekeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma ungqimba lwe-insulating luzochitheka kuwo. Lokhu kungahle kube nomphumela wesekethe elifushane noma lesifunda esivulekile. Imvamisa kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ukubhujiswa kwezintambo ngokuhlolwa okubukwayo. Uma kunesidingo, udinga nje ukufaka izintambo esikhundleni sezintambo noma uxhume oxhumana nabo be-DD ne-ECU usebenzisa ezinye izintambo.
• Inzwa ephukile. Ngokwalo, le nto inedivayisi elula lapho kunokuncane okwephuka khona. Kepha uma yehla, eyenzeka ngokungavamile ngokweqile, ibuyiselwa, ngoba ayinakulungiswa.
• Amaphutha kuyunithi yokulawula. Eqinisweni, lokhu akukhona ukuwohloka kwenzwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yokwehluleka, i-microprocessor ithwebula ngokungalungile idatha kusuka kudivayisi. Ukubona le nkinga, kufanele uqhubeke ukuxilongwa kwamakhompyutha... Ngekhodi yephutha, kuzokwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini ephazamisa ukusebenza okulungile kweyunithi.

Ngabe kuthinta ini ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa?

Njengoba i-DD ithinta ukuzimisela kwe-UOZ nokwakhiwa kwenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya, ukonakala kwayo kuthinta kakhulu amandla wemoto nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-BTC isha ngokungafanele, ukukhipha kuzoqukatha uphethiloli ongashisi ngaphezulu. Kulokhu, izoshisa ipheshana lokukhipha, okuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwezakhi zalo, isibonelo, i-catalyst.

Uma uthatha injini endala esebenzisa i-carburetor kanye nohlelo lokuthungela oxhumana nabo, ukuze usethe i-SPE efanelekile, kwanele ukuvula ikhava yabasabalalisi (ngalokhu, kwenziwa amanothi amaningana kuwo, ongabona ngawo ukuthi yikuphi ukuthungela isethwe). Njengoba injini yomjovo ifakwe i-elekthronikhi, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwemizwa kagesi kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amasiginali avela kuzinzwa ezihambisanayo nemiyalo evela ku-microprocessor, ubukhona benzwa yokushaya emotweni enjalo kuyimpoqo.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, iyunithi yokulawula izokwazi kanjani ukunquma ngasiphi isikhathi ukunikeza umfutho wokwakheka kwenhlansi ku-cylinder ethile? Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke akwazi ukulungisa ukusebenza kohlelo lokuthungela kumodi oyifunayo. Abenzi bezimoto babone kusengaphambili inkinga efanayo, ngakho-ke bahlela iyunithi yokulawula ukuthungela sekwedlule isikhathi kusengaphambili. Ngalesi sizathu, noma ngabe isignali evela enzwa ingatholakali, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izosebenza, kodwa kwimodi eyodwa kuphela.

Lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli nasekuguqukeni kwezimoto. Esesibili sithinta kakhulu lezo zimo lapho kuzodingeka ukukhulisa umthwalo emotweni. Esikhundleni sokuthatha isivinini ngemuva kokucindezela i-pedal kanzima, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi "izoklinya". Umshayeli uzosebenzisa isikhathi esiningi ukufinyelela ijubane elithile.

Kwenzekani uma ucisha inzwa yokuqongqoza ngokuphelele?

Abanye abashayeli bacabanga ukuthi ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwenjini, kwanele ukusebenzisa uphethiloli osezingeni eliphakeme futhi wenze ngesikhathi esifanele ukugcinwa kwemoto. Ngalesi sizathu, kubonakala sengathi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile asikho isidingo esiphuthumayo senzwa yokushaya.

Eqinisweni, lokhu akunjalo, ngoba ngokuzenzakalela, ngokungabikho kwesiginali ehambisanayo, i-elekthronikhi ibeka ngokuzenzakalela ukuthungela kwephuzile. Ukukhubaza i-DD ngeke kucishe injini ngokushesha futhi ungaqhubeka nokushayela imoto isikhashana. Kepha akunconywa ukwenza lokhu ngokuqhubekayo, futhi hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuphezulu, kepha ngenxa yemiphumela elandelayo engenzeka:

1. Ingabhoboza i-cylinder head gasket (kuchazwa kanjani ukuyishintsha kahle, kuchazwa lapha);
2. Izingxenye zeqembu le-cylinder-piston zizoguga ngokushesha;
3. Ikhanda lesilinda lingahle liqhekeke (funda ngalo ngokwehlukana);
4. Kungasha ama-valve;
5. Oyedwa noma abaningi bangakhubazeka. izinduku zokuxhuma.

Akuyona yonke le miphumela ezobhekwa kuzo zonke izimo. Konke kuncike kumingcele yemoto kanye nezinga lokwakheka kwamabutho. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, futhi esinye sazo ukuthi iyunithi yokulawula ngeke izame ukuxazulula inkinga ngohlelo lokuthungela.

Ungakunquma kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yokushaya

Uma kukhona ukusola kwe-knock sensor okungalungile, khona-ke kungabhekwa, ngisho nangaphandle kokudilizwa. Nakhu ukulandelana okulula kwenqubo enjalo:

• Siqala injini futhi siyibeke ezingeni lama-2 XNUMX revolutions;
• Sisebenzisa into encane, silingisa ukwakheka kwe-detonation - ungashayi kanzima izikhathi ezimbalwa eduze kwenzwa uqobo ku-cylinder block. Akufanele ukwenza imizamo ngalesi sikhathi, ngoba i-cast iron ingaqhekeka kusukela ekuthintekeni, ngoba izindonga zayo sezivele zithintekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
• Ngenzwa yokusebenza, izinguquko zizokwehla;
• Uma i-DD inephutha, i-rpm izohlala ingashintshiwe. Kulokhu, ukuqinisekiswa okungeziwe kusetshenziswa indlela ehlukile kuyadingeka.

Ukuhlolwa kwemoto okuhle - usebenzisa i-oscilloscope (ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zayo lapha). Ngemuva kokuhlola, umdwebo uzobonisa ngokunembile ukuthi ngabe i-DD iyasebenza noma cha. Kepha ukuvivinya ukusebenza kwenzwa ekhaya, ungasebenzisa i-multimeter. Kumele isethwe kumamodi wokulinganisa namandla. Uma i-wiring yedivayisi ihambile, sikala ukumelana.

Enzwa yokusebenza, inkomba yaleli pharamitha izoba phakathi kwama-500 kΩ (kumamodeli we-VAZ, le parameter ithambekele ekugcineni). Uma kungekho ukungasebenzi kahle, futhi isithonjana semoto siqhubeka sikhanya kucocekile, khona-ke inkinga kungenzeka ingabi senzwa uqobo, kodwa ku-motor noma ku-gearbox. Kunamathuba amaningi okuthi ukungazinzi kokusebenza kweyunithi kubonwa yi-DD njengesiqhumane.

Futhi, ukuze uzitholele ukuxilongwa kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-knock sensor, ungasebenzisa isithwebuli se-elekthronikhi esixhuma kusixhumi senkonzo yemoto. Isibonelo semishini enjalo yi-Scan Tool Pro. Le yunithi ivumelaniswe ne-smartphone noma ikhompyutha nge-Bluetooth noma nge-Wi-Fi. Ngaphezu kokuthola amaphutha ku-sensor uqobo, lesi sithwebuli sizosiza ukukhomba amaphutha weyunithi ejwayelekile yokulawula futhi sizisethe kabusha.

Nawa amaphutha okulungiswa yiyunithi yokulawula, njengokungasebenzi kahle kwe-DD, okuhlobene nokunye ukonakala:

Ikhodi yephutha:	Ukuguqula:	Imbangela nesixazululo:
I-P0325	Isifunda esivulekile esifundeni sikagesi	Udinga ukuhlola ubuqotho bezintambo. Ukuhlola okubukwayo akwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Imicu yocingo ingahle iphule, kepha ihlale inganakiwe futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ifishane / ivuleke. Kaningi, leli phutha livela ngoxhumana nabo abane-oxidized. Kaningi, isignali enjalo ingakhombisa ukushelela. isikhathi sebhande amazinyo ambalwa.
I-P0326,0327	Isiginali ephansi evela kunzwa	Iphutha elinjalo lingakhombisa oxhumana nabo abane-oxidized, lapho isignali evela ku-DD iye ku-ECU ingamukelwa kahle. Kufanele futhi uhlole i-torque yokuqinisa yebhawodi lokulungisa (kungenzeka ukuthi i-torque yokuqinisa ivulekile)
I-P0328	Isiginali yenzwa ephezulu	Iphutha elifanayo lingenzeka uma izintambo zamandla aphezulu zisondelene nentambo yenzwa. Lapho ulayini wokuqhuma udabula phakathi, ukuqhuma kwamandla kungavela ocingweni lwenzwa, okuyinto iyunithi elilawulayo elizonquma njengesiqhumane noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-DD. Iphutha elifanayo lingenzeka uma ibhande lesikhathi lingafakwanga ngokwanele futhi lishelele amazinyo ambalwa. Ungayichitha kanjani kahle i-timing gear drive ichaziwe lapha.

Izinkinga eziningi zenzwa yokungqongqoza ziyefana kakhulu nezimpawu zokushisa kade. Isizathu ukuthi, njengoba sesibonile, ngokungabi khona kwesiginali, i-ECU ishintshela ngokuzenzakalela kwimodi yezimo eziphuthumayo futhi iyalela uhlelo lokuthungela ukuze lukhiqize inhlansi esephuzile.

Ngokwengeziwe, siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani inzwa entsha yokushaya bese uyayihlola:

Inzwa ye Knock: izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle, ukuthi ungayihlola kanjani ukuthi yenzelwe ini

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Isetshenziselwa ini inzwa yokungqongqoza? Le nzwa ithola ukuqhunyiswa kuyunithi yamandla (ikakhulukazi ebonakala ezinjinini zikaphethiloli ezinophethiloli we-octane ephansi). Ifakwe ku-cylinder block.

Indlela yokuxilonga inzwa yokugoqa? Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-multimeter (imodi ye-DC - i-voltage engaguquki - ibanga elingaphansi kuka-200 mV). I-screwdriver iphushwa eringini futhi icindezelwe kalula ezindongeni. I-voltage kufanele ihluke phakathi kuka-20-30 mV.

Iyini inzwa yokushaya? Lolu wuhlobo lwensiza yokuzwa ekuvumela ukuthi ulalele ukuthi injini isebenza kanjani. Ibamba amaza omsindo (lapho ingxube ingashi ngokulinganayo, kodwa iqhuma), futhi isabela kuwo.