Izinto eziyinhloko kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kohlelo lokukhanyisa imoto

Kuphephile ukusebenzisa imoto kusihlwa nasebusuku, kanye nokungabonakali kahle, kuvumela ubunzima bezinto zokukhanyisa ezifakiwe emotweni ngayinye. Uhlelo lokukhanyisa nokukhanyisa ukukhanya likuvumela ukuba ukhanyise umgwaqo ophambi kwakho, uxwayise abanye abashayeli ngokwenziwa kwemishini, wazise ngobukhulu bemoto. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphelele emgwaqeni, zonke izinto zohlelo lokukhanyisa kufanele zisebenze kahle.

Luyini uhlelo lokukhanyisa imoto ne-alamu elula

Imoto yesimanje ihlanganisa lonke uhla lwamadivayisi wokukhanyisa, ahlangana ndawonye enza uhlelo lokukhanyisa. Imisebenzi yayo esemqoka ifaka:

• ukukhanyiswa kwendlela nehlombe;
• ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe komgwaqo ngenkungu, imvula, iqhwa;
• ukwazisa abanye abashayeli ngemikhankaso eyenziwayo;
• ukubopha isexwayiso;
• ukwazisa ngobukhulu bomshini;
• isexwayiso ngokuwohloka, ngenxa yalokho imoto idala isithiyo endleleni yokuhamba;
• ukuqinisekisa ukufundeka kwepuleti lokubhalisa kusihlwa nasebusuku;
• izibani zangaphakathi, igumbi lenjini nesiqu.

Izinto eziyinhloko zohlelo

Zonke izinto zohlelo lokukhanyisa zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• kwangaphandle;
• kwangaphakathi.

Izinto zangaphandle

I-optics yangaphandle yemoto inikeza ukukhanya komgwaqo futhi yazisa abanye abashayeli. Lawa madivayisi afaka:

• amalambu we-beam aphansi nangaphezulu;
• amalambu enkungu;
• amasignali wokujika;
• izibani ezingemuva;
• amalambu okupaka;
• amalambu amapuleti elayisense.

Izibani zangaphambili

Izibani zangaphambili zezimoto zesimanje zinezinto eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi:

• ugongolo ongaphakeme nophakeme;
• amalambu asebenza emini;
• amalambu asemaceleni.

Imvamisa zitholakala endlini eyodwa. Futhi, amasignali okuvula afakiwe emalambini ezimoto eziningi.

Noma iyiphi imoto ifakwe amalambu amabili, atholakala ngokulinganayo ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezingakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele.

Umsebenzi omkhulu wamalambu amalambu ukukhanyisa umgwaqo ongaphambi kwemoto, kanye nokwazisa abashayeli bezimoto ezizayo mayelana nokusondela kwemoto nobukhulu bayo.

Kusihlwa nasebusuku, ugongolo olufakiwe lusetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa umgwaqo. Ngenxa ye-asymmetry yemishayo ekhanyayo, ibuye inikeze ukukhanya komgwaqo. Uma nje amalambu elungiswe kahle, isibani esinjalo asibangeli ukungakhululeki kubashayeli bezimoto ezizayo.

Ugongolo oluphakeme kakhulu lukhulu kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusiza ukuhlwitha indawo enkulu yomgwaqo ebumnyameni. Kodwa-ke, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ugongolo omkhulu kuphela uma kungabikho ukugeleza okuphikisayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amalambu azokhanyisa abanye abashayeli.

amalambu okupaka

Ukuze abanye abashayeli bahlole ubukhulu bemoto, amalambu asemaceleni anikezwa ohlelweni lokukhanyisa. Zisetshenziswa futhi lapho imoto ima noma ipakiwe. Ubukhulu buso bobabili amalambu ngaphambili nangasemuva.

Shintsha amasiginali

Amasignali okujika yithuluzi eliyisixwayiso eliyinhloko lokuhamba. Ayasetshenziswa lapho ujika futhi wenza u-U-turn, ushintsha imizila noma udlula, udonsela eceleni komgwaqo bese uqala ukuhamba.

Lezi zinto zingafakwa zombili ngaphambili nasemalambu angemuva, futhi ngokuhlukile kuzo. Imvamisa, amadivayisi ayimpinda atholakala ezingxenyeni eziseceleni zomzimba nezibuko zokubuka emuva. Zonke zinombala ocebile ophuzi ngokusawolintshi futhi zisebenza ngokuvumelanayo ngemodi eshaywayo. Izimoto zemakethe yaseMelika zinezimpawu ezibomvu zokujika.

Amasignali okujika nawo asebenza njenge-alamu. Ngokucindezela inkinobho ehambelana nengaphakathi lemoto, wonke amalambu okuvula akhona ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba ngasikhathi sinye aqala umsebenzi wawo.

Izibani ezisebenza emini (DRL)

Amalambu asebenza emini avele ohlelweni lokukhanyisa izimoto muva nje, ngakho-ke awekho kuzo zonke izimoto. Ama-DRL ahlukile kubukhulu bokukhanya okukhulu kakhulu.

NgokweTraffic Regulations, abashayeli kudingeka ukuthi bavule amalambu asebenza emini ngenkathi beshayela edolobheni ngezikhathi zasemini. Uma ingekho i-DRL emotweni, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ugongolo olucwilisiwe emini.

Izibani zenkungu (PTF)

Lolu hlobo lwe-optics yezimoto lusetshenziswa ezimweni ezimbi zokubonakala: ngesikhathi senkungu, imvula noma iqhwa. Ugongolo olubanzi olunengxenye encishisiwe alukhombisi kusuka emvuleni futhi alukhanyisi umshayeli ngenkathi ushayela. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-PTF ahlinzeka ngokukhanyisa okwanele komgwaqo.

Amalambu enkungu afakwa hhayi ngaphambili kuphela, kepha nasemuva komzimba. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto zokukhanyisa aziphoqelekile, ngakho-ke, kumamodeli amaningi wemoto, i-PTF kungenzeka ingabi bikho ngokuphelele.

Amalambu angemuva

Amalambu angemuva ezimoto nawo afakwa ngababili emotweni futhi afaka izinto eziningi. Izinketho ezilula zamalambu wangemuva ziqukethe amalambu amabhuleki namalambu asemaceleni. Kumamodeli amaningi, iyunithi ibuye ifake amasiginali wokujika nelambu elihlehlisayo, amalambu enkungu angajwayelekile kakhulu.

Into esemqoka yohlelo lokukhanyisa ngemuva amalambu amabhuleki, azisa lapho imoto ibhuleka noma ihamba kancane. Ukuze kuthembeke kakhulu, izakhi zingaphindwa kabili ku-spoiler noma ewindini langemuva lemoto.

Okunye okubaluleke ngokulinganayo amalambu aguqukayo. Zisebenza njengokukhanyisa futhi zixwayisa abanye abashayeli lapho imoto iqala ukubuyela emuva.

Izinto zangaphakathi zohlelo lokukhanyisa

Izinto zangaphakathi zibhekele ukukhanyisa egumbini lomgibeli nesiqu semoto. Uhlelo lufaka:

• amalambu emotweni;
• ukukhanyisa kwe-trunk;
• izibani zedeshibhodi yokukhanyisa;
• isibani ebhokisini legilavu;
• amalambu asemaceleni eminyango.

Ukukhanyisa ingaphakathi, i-trunk nangaphansi kwe-hood (uma ifakwe) kunikeza induduzo eyengeziwe yomshayeli ebumnyameni.

Ukukhanya kwedeshibhodi kuyadingeka ukuze kufundwe kalula kolwazi lapho ushayela ebumnyameni.

Izibani ezisemaceleni eminyango ziyadingeka ukwazisa abanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ngoshintsho kubukhulu bemoto lapho umnyango uvulekile.

Ulawulwa kanjani uhlelo lokukhanyisa

Umshayeli ulawula wonke amadivayisi wokukhanyisa angena ngaphakathi emotweni esebenzisa amaswishi akhethekile.

Ukufakwa kwesigxobo esiphansi nesiphezulu, amalambu enkungu nobukhulu ezimotweni eziningi zezimoto kwenziwa kusetshenziswa inkinobho yokushintsha ikholomu noma inkinobho esephaneli lensimbi:

• isikhundla sokuqala seswishi - wonke amadivayisi avaliwe;
• isikhundla sesibili - ubukhulu bufakiwe;
• isikhundla sesithathu - amalambu acwilile afika.

Futhi, iswishi, ebekwe ohlangothini lwesobunxele ngaphansi kwesondo lokushayela, inikezela ngoguquko oluphansi noluphezulu emalambini.

Uma kukhona amalambu enkungu, kungafakwa isigaba esingeziwe kuswishi ukulawula ukuvula nokucisha kwe-PTF. Ingalawulwa futhi ngokusebenzisa ukhiye ohlukile.

Iswishi yenhlanganisela nayo isetshenziselwa ukwenza amasignali okujika kwesokudla nangakwesobunxele. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, i-alamu icushiwe kusetshenziswa inkinobho ehlukile etholakala kudeshibhodi.

Izinto eziningi zohlelo lokukhanyisa zikhanya ngokuzenzekelayo uma izenzo ezithile zithathwa ngumshayeli:

• izibani zamabhuleki - uma ucindezela ibhuleki;
• ukuguqula ukukhanya - lapho kuhanjiswa igiya eliphindayo;
• imithwalo yegumbi nemishini yeglavu yokukhanyisa - lapho zivulwa;
• ukukhanya kwezinyawo nobukhulu bomshayeli eminyango - lapho kuvulwa umnyango.

Amasistimu wokulawula ukukhanyisa okuzenzakalelayo

Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezimoto, imisebenzi eyengeziwe yokulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamadivayisi wokukhanyisa nayo iyaziswa:

• ukuvula ugongolo oluphansi;
• ukukhanyisa kwekhanda okusebenzayo;
• ukukhanyisa okuguqukayo;
• ukulungiswa kwe-headlight;
• ukulawula ugongolo oluphakeme.

Zonke lezi zinhlelo zilawulwa ngokuzenzakalela ngokuya ngemininingwane efundwa izinzwa ezikhethekile lapho izimo zethrafikhi nezomgwaqo zishintsha.

Ubunzima bezinto ezifakwe ohlelweni lokukhanyisa izimoto lwenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komshayeli, abagibeli bakhe nabanye abashayeli. Ukushayela imoto kusihlwa nasebusuku akwamukelekile ngaphandle kwemishini yokukhanyisa. Ilokhu ithuthuka njalo, uhlelo lokukhanyisa lunikeza induduzo edingekayo nokuphepha phakathi nohambo lwasebusuku nasebusuku, kanye nalapho uhamba ezimweni ezimbi zokubonakala.