Yini inzwa ye-capacitive?

Njengezinye izinhlobo zezinzwa (ngokwesibonelo, izinzwa ezingena ngaphakathi), izinzwa ezinamandla zisebenza ngaphandle kokuthintana ngokomzimba nento ephenywayo. Ngamanye amagama, lezi zinhlobo zezinzwa azingamadivayisi wokuxhumana. Ngosizo lwabo, kungatholakala izinto zombili ezisebenza ngogesi nezingasebenzi. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, izinzwa ze-capacitive zingasetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho, ngokwesibonelo, izinzwa ezi-inductive zingasebenzi.

Yini inzwa ye-capacitive, isakhiwo sayo kanye nemodi yokusebenza

Lolu hlobo lwenzwa aluyona inkimbinkimbi kakhulu njengedivayisi futhi imvamisa luqukethe:

Okufakiwe

Umzimba wenza sikwazi ukuqoqa zonke izakhi zibe yinto eyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza ukuvikeleka okuthembekile kwezinto ezintweni zangaphandle ezingathinta ukusebenza kwazo. Umzimba we-sensor capacitive uvame ukwenziwa ngethusi noma nge-polyamide.

Isixhumi

I-resin ekhethekile evikela izinto zezinzwa emswakeni noma kwezinye izinto eziyingozi.

Qalisa

I-trigger ikhiqiza amandla esignali wokushintsha adingekayo kanye nenani le-hysteresis (lokhu umehluko ebangeni ngaphambi kokuvula).

Ama-LED

Ama-LED ahlinzeka ngokusethwa okusheshayo futhi akhombise indawo yokushintsha.

Isikhulisi

Kukhulisa isignali yokukhipha kunani olifunayo.

Demodulator

I-demodulator ishintsha ukukhishwa kwemvamisa ephezulu kuze kushintshe amandla kagesi.

Umkhiqizi

Kwakha inkambu kagesi esebenza entweni.

Ama-electrode

Indawo yokusebenza yenzwa ye-capacitive imvamisa ama-electrode amabili asebenza njengamapuleti we-capacitor axhunywe kuluphu wempendulo ye-generator. Nayo, ilungiselelwe ukushintsha amandla ayo njengoba isondela entweni elawulwayo.

Ngenxa yalokhu kunyakaza, lapho inzwa isondela entweni, i-generator ikhiqiza amplitude eyandayo, okucutshungwayo futhi kukhiqizwe isinali lokukhishwayo.

Izinzwa ezinamandla ziqhutshwa yizinto ezisebenza ngogesi kanye nama-dielectric. Njengoba into eqhubayo isondela, ibanga lokuzwa likhulu kakhulu kunalapho izinto zokuhlola zingama-dielectric (ibanga lokuphendula lincike ekuguqukeni kwe-dielectric njalo).

Sebenzisa
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zalolu hlobo kubanzi kakhulu futhi kuhlukahlukene. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zokulawulwa kwenqubo yezimboni cishe kuzo zonke izimboni.

Zisetshenziselwa izinzwa zokupaka izimoto nokulawula ukugcwaliswa kwamathangi ngezinto eziwuketshezi, ngobuningi nangegesi, ukushintshwa kolayini abazenzekelayo, kwezikhungo zemishini, imishini, ama-conveyor, ama-alarm system nabanye.

Izinhlobo zezinzwa ezinamandla ne-application yazo

Izinzwa eziseduze

Okwamanje, enye yezinzwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-capacitive sensors ukusondela, okuthi, ngaphezu kokwethenjwa kakhulu, inezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu.

Izinzwa zalolu hlobo zisetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izindawo njengoba zinentengo ephansi kakhulu. Asetshenziselwa ukuqapha izinga lokugcwaliswa kweziqukathi ezahlukahlukene, amandla okulawula, ukusayina uma kunezinkinga kulayini wokukhiqiza nokunye.

Ama-encoders anamandla wokunyakaza kwe-angular nolayini

Izinzwa zalolu hlobo zisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezinjengobunjiniyela bemishini, amandla, ezokuthutha, ezokwakha nezinye.

Ama-inclinometers

Ama-inclinometers anamandla asetshenziswa kuzingxenyekazi zikawoyela ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa, ukuthola ukuguqulwa kwezinsizakalo, ukuqapha nokulawula umthamo wemigwaqo nojantshi ngenkathi kwakhiwa, ukuthola ikhwalithi yezimoto, imikhumbi, amakheshi, imishini yokuphakamisa, imishini yezolimo ukucacisa ukufuduka kwe-angular kwezinto ezijikelezayo, ezinje njengemishayo, amagiya nezinqubo, zombili ezimile nezihambayo.

Izinzwa zamazinga wokukwazi ukusebenza

Izinzwa zalolu hlobo zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha amasistimu, ukulawulwa kanye nokulawulwa kwezinqubo ezimbonini zokudla, zemithi, zamakhemikhali neze-petroleum.

Zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni uketshezi, izinto zokwenziwa ngobuningi, izinto ezi-viscous ezisebenza kahle nezingahambisi kahle, nasezindaweni zokusebenza ezinokhahlo emakamelweni noma ezindaweni lapho kuhlangana khona uthuli noma ukufingqa.

Izinzwa ezinamandla zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezidinga ukulinganiswa okunembile kwengcindezi ephelele, ubukhulu bezinto zedielectric, umswakama, ukukhubazeka okuqondile kanye ne-angular, nokunye.

Ukwahlukanisa izinzwa capacitive ngokwendlela ukuqaliswa yabo

Zonke izinhlobo zezinzwa ezinamandla zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: izinzwa ezinethangi elilodwa namabili. Lezi zokugcina zihlukaniswe ngokwehlukana nokwehluka.

Izinzwa ze-single-capacitance zinomklamo olula futhi zingama-capacitors ahlukahlukene. Lolu hlobo lwenzwa lunokuphazamiseka okuningana, okubandakanya amathonya abalulekile emvelo njengemswakama kanye lokushisa.

Ububi bezinzwa ezinomklamo owehlukile ngukuthi zihlukile ezinzwa ezinamandla ayodwa, futhi umehluko kukhona okungenani izintambo ezintathu ezixhumayo phakathi kwenzwa nedivayisi yokulinganisa ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yomswakama nokushisa.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokhu kubuyela emuva okuncane, izinzwa ezahlukile zikhulisa kakhulu ukunemba nokuqina kwazo ngaleyo ndlela zandise umkhakha wazo wokusebenzisa.

Buhle bezinzwa ezinamandla
Kuqhathaniswa nezinzwa zokuncintisana ze-optical, eziyenga kanye ne-piezoelectric, izinzwa ezisebenza kahle zinenzuzo eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• ukukhululeka kokukhiqiza - izinto ezishibhile zisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezinzwa ze-capacitive, ezithinta intengo yokugcina yomkhiqizo;
• usayizi omncane nesisindo;
• ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi;
• izinga eliphezulu lokuzwela;
• zokuxhumana (akudingeki zisondele entweni yokufunda;
• impilo ende yokusebenza;

Ukuzivumelanisa okulula komklamo wenzwa yemisebenzi ehlukene nezilinganiso.

amaphutha
Ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu zezinzwa ezinamandla yilezi:

• isilinganiso esincane sokuguqulwa (ukudluliswa);
• isidingo sokusebenza kumvamisa ongaphezulu kwama-50 Hz;
• ukusebenza kungathinteka ngothuli nomswakama, futhi inzwa ingathola isilinganiso esingalungile;
• ukuzwela kokushisa.

Izinzwa ezinamakhono alula ukuziklama, okuphumela ekwakhiweni okuqinile nokwethembekile. Amapharamitha we-capacitor ancike kuphela kuzimpawu zawo futhi awanciki ezakhiweni zezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, uma zikhethwe kahle.

Inkinga yokuzwela kwabo kokushisa ingasombululwa ngokukhetha izinto ezifanele zamapuleti nokufakwa okufanele kokuqina kwawo. Kuhlala kuphela ukuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa kwabo emiphumeleni eyingozi yothuli, umswakama ne-ion radiation, futhi lolu hlobo lwezinzwa luzoba nohlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezicelo.

Futhi ekugcineni, singafingqa ...

Izinzwa ze-Capacitive zisebenzisa amandla omshini amancane kakhulu eziwadingayo ukuze zihambise ingxenye enyakazayo, zilungise ukuphuma kwesistimu, futhi zisebenze ngokunemba okuphezulu. Konke lokhu kwenza lezi zinzwa zibaluleke kakhulu ekulinganisweni okunembile kwama-elementi e-conductive kanye ne-non-conductive.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ayini ama-capacitive sensors? Umthamo owodwa, umthamo ophindwe kabili. Ngokulandelayo, zihlukaniswe zibe: eziqondile, angular, inclinometers, izinzwa ezingeni, ingcindezi transducers.

Yiziphi izinzwa ze-capacitive futhi zisebenza kanjani? Kulezi zinzwa, ipharamitha elinganisiwe iyashintsha, ngenxa yokuthi ukumelana kushintsha. Izinzwa ezinjalo zisetshenziselwa ukuguqula amanani omswakama, ingcindezi, amandla emishini, njll.

Inzwa yeleveli ye-capacitive isebenza kanjani? Ku-sensor enjalo, ngenxa yoshintsho ezingeni elilinganisiwe, i-capacitance ye-condenser nayo iyashintsha (yakhiwe yi-probe kanye nezindonga ze-tank - uketshezi oluningi ethangini, ukuphakama kwe-capacitance).