Yini iSUV?

Abaningi, lapho bethenga i-SUV noma i-crossover, abakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwala magama amabili futhi, njengesiphetho, abakwazi ukuqonda injongo yangempela yemodeli ethile.

I-crossover iyimodeli ekhethekile, ezimele yodwa ye-SUV. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zimoto zombili usezimpawu zobuchwepheshe nezakhiwo, uphethiloli osetshenzisiwe, nobubanzi balezi zinhlobo.

Imoto engaphandle komgwaqo, futhi iyimoto engekho emgwaqeni, umsebenzi omkhulu wayo ukuyisebenzisa kunoma yimuphi umgwaqo, ikakhulukazi ongekho emgwaqweni, okungukuthi, lezo zindawo lapho kunekhono elinzima kakhulu lokuwela izwe. Vele ingasetshenziswa emigwaqeni yasedolobheni, kepha inzuzo yayo ukusebenza ezimweni zomgwaqo ezinzima kakhulu, njengesihlabathi, ukuqhwaqhwa kweqhwa, izinkambu kanye nezinye izinto ezifanayo.

I-crossover uhlobo lwenhlanganisela yemoto ne-SUV. Okusemqoka ekusetshenzisweni kunikezwa ukushayela okujwayelekile kwedolobha. Futhi, amamodeli amaningi we-crossover awohlobo lomndeni. Le moto ilungele ukusebenza ngaphandle kwedolobha, ngokwesibonelo, iholide lomndeni emvelweni.

История

ILohner Porshe, eyakhiwa nguFredinard Porsche ngo-1900 ngokumiswa okuzimele kuwo womane amasondo, ithathwa njengokhokho bamaSUV.

Ngobusuku bangaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ibutho laseMelika lalidinga izimoto ezinamandla ezinekhono elikhuliswe kahle lokunqamula izwe. Yakhiwa kanje iFord GP ngabakwaWillys nabakwaFord. Isifinyezo se-GP siqambe imoto ngokuthi "Jeep", eyanikeza igama elinjalo kuzo zonke izimoto ezalandela zalolu hlobo. Ngemva kwesikhashana, kwasungulwa imodeli yohlobo lwabantu abavamile.

I "Jeep" edume yaba yisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwazo zonke izinkampani zezimoto ze-SUV.

Igama elithi "SUV" lavela ngeminyaka yama-90s ukugwema izinkinga nge-Chrysler Corporation, ephethe uphawu lokuthengisa lweJeep.

Yini iSUV: incazelo

Imoto engaphandle komgwaqo iyimoto ehamba ngamasondo onke esetshenziswa ukusebenza emigwaqeni yawo wonke amazinga, kanye nangaphandle komgwaqo. Izici zesici semoto enqamula ezweni kungukuvunyelwa phansi, imishini edonsa ngamasondo amane nohla lwegiya eliphansi. Ngenxa yebanga elibalulekile phakathi kwendawo esekelayo, imvume yomhlaba namasondo amakhulu, iSUV iyakwazi ukunqoba kalula izindawo ezinzima.

Lolu hlobo lwemoto lubonakala ngokukhululeka nobubanzi bekhabethe, umnotho futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, i-off-road patency.

Ukudlulisela

Ukudluliswa kuyisici esiyisisekelo se-powertrain chain jikelele.

Kuma-SUV nama-crossovers, kunezinhlobo zokudluliswa okulandelayo:

1. Idonsa ngamasondo onke ngokuqhubekayo. Umgomo walolu hlobo ukudlulisa i-torque isuke enjini iye emiphini ye-ekseli yemoto, okungukuthi, ukudluliswa ngasikhathi sinye kuwo wonke amasondo.

2. Ukuxhuma kwe-all-wheel drive nohlobo oluzenzakalelayo. Lolu hlobo lwedrayivu luxhuma ngokuzenzakalela lapho elinye lamasondo okushayela lishibilika. Izimoto ezinalolu hlobo lokushayela zikulungele kakhulu ukusebenza emigwaqeni yasebusika engahlanzekile nasemhlabathini onesihlabathi.

3. Ukuxhuma yonke-wheel drive nohlobo lwemishini. Okuwukuphela kohlobo lapho kungekho mahluko wesikhungo, okwenza lolu hlobo lube lula futhi lungabizi ukuluqalisa. Lolu hlobo lwe-drive aludizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa unomphela, kodwa kuphela ezimweni ezingekho mgwaqo.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Ukuhamba ngaphansi kwesithuthi kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zomshini. Kungenxa yokumiswa ukuthi kunciphise ukudlula namandla okuthwala imoto.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhamba ngaphansi kwesisu:

1.Ngokulengiswa kwangaphambilini nangemuva kokumiswa. Umgomo oyinhloko walokhu kumiswa uxhomeke ekuthembekeni kokuhamba kwawo wonke amasondo komunye nomunye, ngoba amasondo ayalingana futhi axhumene ngokuqinile.

2. Ngokumiswa okuzimele kwawo wonke amasondo. Isici esiyisici ukuzimela kwesondo ngalinye, elifakwe isistimu yalo yokubopha. Ngokuphambene nokumiswa okuncikile - kule eseli yesondo imane ingekho.

Umzimba

La maSUV anokuhlukahluka komzimba okuningana. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemizimba, okunye ukufana kuzoba khona, ngokwesibonelo, kububanzi obukhulu bamasondo, ukuvunyelwa okuphezulu komhlaba, imishini enenjini enamandla, njalonjalo.

Izinhlobo zokuqala ezingezona zokuhlola zezimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni zethulwe emzimbeni oguqukayo. Umzimba ofana nesikebhe wenziwe ngensimbi ngaphandle kwezindonga eziseceleni. Lolu hlobo lwaludingeka kakhulu empini. Imodeli yomphakathi yenziwa ngoseyili oguqukayo ongaphezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngoseyili esikhundleni salokho plastic, kodwa lezi onobuhle cishe hhayi zithunyelwa emakethe.

Okunye okungaguqulwa kungabhekwa njenge-SUV enomzimba kahle, ebonakala ngomzimba ovulekile. Kumamodeli amaningi, ukwakheka kwangemuva kwakukhona ukugoqeka nokususwa.

Umzimba wenqola yesitishi uthathwa “njengowomhlaba wonke” kakhulu ngokusekelwe enanini lawo. Izimoto eziningi ezingekho emgwaqeni zakhiwe ngezinqola ezinezicabha ezinhlanu. Lo mzimba ubonakala ngengaphakathi elibanzi, "uphahla oluphezulu". Ezinye izimoto zinomugqa wesithathu wezihlalo ezitholakala endaweni yemithwalo.

Ama-Coupe SUV akhiqizwa kancane kakhulu kunamanye ama-SUV anohlobo lomzimba ohlukile. Lo mzimba ubonakala ngokuyinhloko ngendlu encane yemithwalo kanye nesikhala esinqunyelwe esihlalweni sangemuva.

Inani elincane lama-SUV akhonjiswa ngendlela yamaveni. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izici zekhono lokunethezeka nelokuwela izwe. Inani lamatekisi amancane alinganiselwe futhi lisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezempi nowezocwaningo.

Kulesi sigaba, wonke ama-SUV angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili:

1. Ngomzimba wohlaka. Umzimba wohlaka wasetshenziselwa ukudala izimoto zokuqala futhi lo mklamo usasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Inzuzo enkulu amandla okuphatha imoto. Isisekelo sesakhiwo luhlaka lwensimbi olusindayo lapho umzimba kanye ne-chassis zibekwe phezu kwazo.

2. Ngomzimba we-monocoque, othathe isikhundla sefreyimu eyodwa futhi uyindlela yesimanje. Izimoto ezinalolu hlobo lomzimba azisindi kangako ngenxa yokuklanywa kwesisindo sazo esiphansi nokuqina ngokwanele.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zama-SUV

Njengoba i-SUV iyimoto enqamula izwe, inezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, okungafanele zifake izimoto kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izimoto, ikakhulukazi izimoto zempi, kuze kufike kumaloli e-KAMAZ namaloli okulahla adalelwe umsebenzi we-quarry.

I-SUV ngayinye izoba nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ezizozibonakalisa ezikhathini ezilandelayo:

1. Uhlobo lwamandla kagesi. Isibonelo, injini kadizili ibhekwa njengonamandla amakhulu futhi enenzuzo enkulu kunenjini kaphethiloli, esebenzisa uphethiloli omningi futhi inciphise ukusebenza kwenjini.

2. Izinhlobo zokumiswa okuhlukile. Imoto ngayinye inokulengiswa okwehlukile, okunomthelela omkhulu ekuguqukeni kwayo.

3. Shayela. Ama-SUV amaningi anama-wheel drive amane, kodwa kukhona ne-shift drive, ekuvumela ukuthi ukwazi ukwenza ushintsho olusuka kumadrayivu amane uye ngaphambili noma ngemuva.

4. Ububanzi bekhabhathi nenani lezihlalo zabagibeli.

Umbhangqwana

Ama-SUV wama Coupe atholakala kakhulu maphakathi nosayizi ohlukile ohlukile. Kulolu hlobo, zonke izici ezijwayelekile zeSUV ziphinde zaphindeka: ukuvunyelwa okuphezulu komhlaba, ukushayela ngamasondo amane, amandla enjini namasondo amakhulu. I-chassis yalezi zinhlobo ibahlukanisa njengezimoto ezisezingeni lasemadolobheni kunezimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni ezilungele ukuhlolwa kwasemgwaqeni.

Middle

Ama-SUV anosayizi omaphakathi adingeka kakhulu ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sekhwalithi nenani. Lolu hlobo luyindlela engcono kakhulu: ibonakala ngendawo yangaphakathi evulekile evulekile kanye nosayizi othakazelisayo ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphatha kanye nomnotho okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngakolunye.

Kuyasinda

Ama-SUV asindayo abusa kakhulu isisindo sezimoto zabagibeli. Ama-SUV asindayo anokubukeka okuqinile, okukhulu. Izici zobuchwepheshe zihambisana negama uqobo: amandla amakhulu nevolumu yenjini, futhi, ngokufanele, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu, isisindo nobuchwepheshe, le mishini inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu ezimweni ezinzima zomgwaqo.

Uzimele

Uhlaka lohlaka aluzange lube nezinguquko eziningi selokhu kwakhiqizwa izimoto zokuqala. Umnyombo womsebenzi ucacile: into esemqoka ifreyimu ngaphezulu lapho umzimba ufakwe khona, futhi ama-asi aqondiswa ngezansi. Uhlaka luvumela ukuthi ukwandise umthamo weSUV futhi ngaleyo ndlela umelane nemithwalo esindayo.

Ahluke kanjani ama-crossovers kuma-SUV

Impendulo yalo mbuzo izocacisa. Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-crossover uhlobo lwe-SUV. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zinezici ezicishe zifane zangaphandle, umehluko kuphela kumiklamo yokwakha, kanye nawo wonke ama-wheel drive afanayo, ukuvulwa komhlaba okuphakeme nendawo yokuhlala ephezulu.

Izici zokusabalalisa eziyinhloko zilele emzimbeni wemoto: i-crossover ibhekene nomklamo ongenasici, kanti i-SUV inesakhiwo somzimba esinzima nesisekelo esinamandla amakhulu, njengoba kufakazelwa isisindo sayo esinzima.

Indima ebalulekile idlalwa amasondo emoto, okungukuthi amathayi. Njengomthetho, amathayi amancane afakwa kuma-crossovers, futhi amathayi ohlobo oluqinile nolugxilile afakwa kuma-SUV.

Ama-SUV afakwe ukumiswa kwamasondo, okubonakala ngokuvumelanisa ekushintsheni izikhundla zamasondo ngenxa ye-ekseli evamile, kuyilapho ama-crossovers enamasondo azimele.

Indlela ebaluleke kunazo zonke umbuzo wokudlula kwemoto. Uma i-SUV yakhelwe kuphela indawo enzima kanye nomgwaqo ongekho emgwaqweni, i-crossover inemisebenzi emibili: okokuqala, yenzelwe imigwaqo ejwayelekile yedolobha, futhi okwesibili ye-off-road. I-SUV kuphela enezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kumaloli okulahla ezimayini kuya ezimotweni zamasosha, i-crossover yenzelwe kakhulu ukuhamba ngomgwaqo nokuhamba emadolobheni.

Izinhlobo ezidumile ze-SUV nemikhiqizo

Imakethe yomhlaba igcwaliswa ngamamodeli amasha minyaka yonke, kepha akuzona kuphela izimoto ezintsha ezizuze ukuthandwa phakathi kwabathengi. Ingxenye yeSUV (ama-SUV nama-crossovers) ibonwa ngabahlaziyi abaningi abavela emazweni ahlukene. Silinganise izinqumo zalezi zingcweti, isidingo sezimoto nezinye izindlela ezibalulekile, sizokutshela ngemikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu namamodeli ama-SUV.

Cishe 1 million izimoto zakwaToyota RAV4 zathengwa ngonyaka odlule. Le crossover ye-premium inqobe ukunakwa kwabathengi ngenxa yokushayelwa kwayo konke okuyisondo elihamba ngamasondo kanye nentengo ebonakala ukuthi iphansi kakhulu kunezinye izimoto ze-premium. Vele, lezi akuzona zonke izici ezenze ukufunwa okukhulu. Umshini unezici eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi enjinini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu enesilinganiso sokucindezela okuphezulu, okusiza futhi ukufeza amandla aphezulu. Okunye okusha kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezintathu zokudlulisa ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuze uthole ukunethezeka okuphezulu, kukhona i-dual-zone climate control, i-cruise control, i-keyless entry system nokuningi. Ingaphandle nengaphakathi ngokwalo lisesitayeleni esihle esesimanjemanje futhi sikanokusho. Amandla okusheshisa amahle kakhulu anezinkomba ezintsha nezobuchwepheshe, indlela entsha yesitayela ingaphakathi nengaphandle ngokuhlinzekwa kwezimo ezikahle, ibeka iToyota SUV phakathi kwabaholi kwezentengiso.

Ngemuva kokunikeza ubuholi kwiRAV4, iHonda CR-V yaseJapan nayo ayithandeki kangako. Izizukulwane eziningana zeSUV zithole ukunakekelwa okukhulu emakethe. Imoto ine-design yesimanjemanje, ebonakala ngokusobala emzimbeni, amalambu angaphambili, nesigqoko eside. Ingaphandle leSUV linokubukeka kwezemidlalo, kanti nengaphakathi linobubanzi balo nezinketho eziningi ezidalelwe ukuvumela abagibeli. Ngaphezu kwezici zangaphandle, amamodeli anedatha enhle yezobuchwepheshe, izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinjini ezinamandla, yonke into edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, okwenza ndawonye iSUV ibe namandla futhi ithembeke. U-2018 kube yintuthuko yangempela yeCR-V, inani lokuthengwa lenyuke lacishe laba yisigidi esisodwa kanti nemoto iphinde yathola imiklomelo engu-1 ezinhlanganweni zezimboni ezidumile emhlabeni wonke.

IVolkswagen Tiguan yaseJalimane ingomunye wabahamba phambili kumaSUV. Le modeli inezizukulwane eziningana, kodwa kwaba yiyona yokugcina eyenza ukuthi imodeli ye-Tiguan ibe yinto enkulu kunazo zonke enkampanini yezimoto. Ngo-2019, kwathengiswa amamodeli angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-910, futhi ngokusho kwezilinganiso zalo nyaka, i-Tiguan ithengise ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6 kusukela ngo-2007. Isizukulwane sesibili semoto sinezici eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe nezici zemishini. Ukucushwa ngakunye kunezinto zako, izici zangaphandle ezihlukile nezinketho zokuhlinzeka ngokunethezeka. Ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi okuwubukhazikhazi nokusezingeni eliphezulu kucatshangwa ngemininingwane emincane futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ubeke iTiguan ezingeni lezimoto ezibizayo. Izinketho ezingaphakathi kwekhabethe nazo zicatshangelwa ngemininingwane emincane, kuze kufike ekushiseni kwezihlalo kanye namasokhethi ukuze kunikeze ukunethezeka okuphezulu. I-Tiguan ifakwe wonke amasondo kanye nenjini enamandla. Ikakhulukazi le SUV ibushelelezi uma ijika emakhoneni kanye nesivinini uma uthatha isivinini, kanti nemoto inezinhlobo eziningi zokushayela kuye ngokuthi izimo zomgwaqo nesimo sezulu. Ifakwe uhlelo olusha lokuba khona kwezinzwa phambi kwemoto, yenzelwe ukuphepha okukhulu, njengoba imoto inamandla okugcina isivinini esithile nokuhlala ebangeni elifanayo ukusuka emotweni engaphambili.

I-crossover yakwaHyundai Tucson iqhume emakethe ngomsindo futhi yathola ukuthandwa. Phakathi kwezinguqulo ezithuthukisiwe, imodeli ka-2019 ifanele ukunakwa ngokukhethekile. ITucson entsha inomklamo we-ultra-stylish, ikakhulukazi kwi-grille ebanzi, ibhonethi nezinguquko ezinkulu ezenza ibukeke iyimidlalo. Izakhi zangaphandle nezangaphakathi manje sezinombala ofanele wokubukeka okuhle. Cabin ifakwe ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile, futhi ergonomics bafanelwe udumo olukhethekile. Izici zobuchwepheshe zigqamile, ikakhulukazi injini enamandla nokudluliswa okuhle. Ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwemoto kuphezulu, kanti amanani aphansi aheha abathengi.

Inkampani yezimoto iKia Motors ikhiphe iSportage SUV, engagcini nje ngokuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zenkampani, kodwa futhi yathola ukuthandwa okukhulu emakethe yomhlaba. Phakathi kwezizukulwane ezine ezikhiqizwayo, esokugcina sithathwa njengesifunwa kakhulu. Ingaphakathi lesiteleka langaphakathi nesimanje, lihlanganiswe nenjini efakazelwe futhi enamandla, lenze iSUV yaheha futhi yanamandla, futhi imishini enezinhlelo ezintsha zokunethezeka okukhulu nezindleko eziphansi ngokusobala zemoto zidale ukufunwa okukhulu.

Enye yamaSUV adumile yiNissan Qashqai. Ikhishwe ezizukulwaneni ezimbili, imoto yazuza udumo nangokukhishwa kowokuqala ngo-2006. Isizukulwane sesibili esikhishiwe sinqoba kakhulu esokuqala. Ukwakhiwa kwesimanje kwemoto, ubungcweti bengaphakathi nemishini enenjini enamandla kakhulu kukhulise ukufunwa emakethe. Inani lokuthengwa likhulile yize kukhuphuke kakhulu intengo yemodeli.