Izinhlobo zokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo

Imboni yezimoto ithuthukisa ngokushesha ukwakheka kwezinto ezinkulu nezinkulu, okwenza impilo ibe lula kubashayeli nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezimoto. Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zishiya ukuthunyelwa ngesandla, zishiya ukuthandwa kokusha okusha nokuthuthukile: okuzenzakalelayo, i-robotic ne-variator. 

Esihlokweni sizocubungula izinhlobo zama-gearbox, ukuthi ahluke kanjani komunye nomunye, ukuthi asebenza kanjani, inqubo yokusebenza kanye nezinga lokuthembeka.

Umfutholuketshezi "othomathikhi": yakudala ngendlela yayo emsulwa

I-Hydraulic automatic transmission ingukhokho wezwe lokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokuphuma kwabo. Ukuthunyelwa kokuqala okuzenzakalelayo kwakuyi-hydromechanical, yayingenawo "ubuchopho", yayingenazo izinyathelo ezine, kodwa ayizange ibambe ukwethembeka. Okulandelayo, onjiniyela bethula i-hydraulic automatic transmission ethuthuke kakhulu, nayo edume ngokwethembeka kwayo, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kusekelwe ekufundeni izinzwa eziningi.

Isici esiyinhloko se-hydraulic "okuzenzakalelayo" ukungabi nokuxhumana phakathi kwenjini namasondo, bese kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo: idluliselwa kanjani i-torque? Ngenxa yoketshezi lokudlulisa. 

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwanamuhla “kugxishiwe” ngezinhlelo zakamuva zobuchwepheshe, ezingakuvumeli kuphela ukuthi ushintshele ngesikhathi esifanele kumagiya adingekayo, kodwa futhi zisebenzise izindlela ezinjengokuthi “ubusika” kanye “nezemidlalo”, kanye nokushintsha amagiya ngesandla.

Mayelana no-gearbox oshintshwayo, i-hydraulic “automatic” inyusa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, futhi kuthatha isikhathi ukusheshisa - kufanele udele okuthile ukuze ukhululeke.

Sekuyisikhathi eside ama-automatic transmission engadumile ngenxa yokuthi iningi labashayeli sebejwayele “omachanics” futhi bafuna ukukwazi ukuzishintsha amagiya. Kulokhu, onjiniyela bethula umsebenzi wokuzishintsha, futhi babiza ngokuthi ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo - Tiptronic. Incazelo yomsebenzi ukuthi umshayeli uhambisa igiya endaweni ethi "M", futhi ngenkathi ushayela, hambisa isikhethi endaweni ethi "+" kanye "-".

I-CVT: ukwenqatshwa kwezinyathelo

Ngesinye isikhathi, i-CVT bekungukuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo, okwethulwa emhlabeni wemboni yezimoto isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi kulezi zinsuku kuphela kwabongwa abanikazi bezimoto.

Incazelo yokudluliselwa kwe-CVT iwukushintsha kahle i-torque ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinyathelo ezinjalo. I-variator ihluke kakhulu kweyakudala ethi "automatic", ikakhulukazi ngoba nge-CVT injini ihlale isebenza ngesivinini esiphansi, yingakho abashayeli baqala ukukhala ngokuthi abakuzwanga ukusebenza kwenjini, kwakubonakala sengathi imile. . Kodwa kulesi sigaba sabanikazi bezimoto, onjiniyela baqhamuke nomsebenzi wokushintsha igiya lezandla ngendlela "yokulingisa" - kudala umuzwa wokushayela okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo.

Ngabe i-variator isebenza kanjani? Ngokuyinhloko, umklamo uhlinzeka ngezigaxa ezimbili, ezixhunywe nebhande elikhethekile. Ngenxa yokushintshana kwezigaxa ezimbili nebhande lokunwebeka, i-torque ishintshwa kahle. Okunye ukwakhiwa kufana nokuthi "okuzenzakalelayo": ukutholakala okufanayo kwephakeji yokubamba, isethi yamaplanethi, ama-solenoids nohlelo lokuthambisa.

Ibhokisi le-Robotic

Muva nje, abakhiqizi bezimoto bethula uhlobo olusha lokudlulisa - i-robotic gearbox. Ngokwesakhiwo, lena i-transmission eshintshwayo, futhi isilawuli sifana nese-automatic transmission. I-tandem enjalo itholakala ngokufaka i-actuator ye-electronic ku-gearbox evamile ye-manual, engalawuli kuphela ukuguqulwa kwegiya, kodwa nokusebenza kwe-clutch. Sekuyisikhathi eside lolu hlobo lokudlulisela luyimbangi eyinhloko ye-othomathikhi, kodwa iningi lamaphutha onjiniyela akubandakanyi kuze kube yilolu suku kubangele ukunganeliseki okukhulu phakathi kwabanikazi bezimoto.

Ngakho-ke, i- "robot" enguqulweni yakudala inophiko oluphethe elekhtronikhi, kanye ne-actuator evula icime i-clutch esikhundleni sakho.

Ngama-2000s okuqala, i-VAG yakhipha uhlobo lokuhlola lwe-DSG robotic gearbox. Igama elithi "DSG" limele uDirekt Schalt Getriebe. U-2003 kwaba unyaka wokwethulwa ngobuningi kweDSG ezimotweni zakwaVolkswagen, kepha ukwakheka kwayo kwehluka ngezindlela eziningi kusukela ekuqondeni "irobhothi" lakudala.

I-DSG isebenzise i-dual clutch, uhhafu wayo obhekele ukufakwa kwamagiya alinganayo, eyesibili kube yinqaba. Njenge-actuator, kwasetshenziswa "i-mechatronic" - inkimbinkimbi yezinhlelo ze-electronic-hydraulic ezibhekele ukusebenza kwebhokisi le-preselective. Ku-"mechatronics" kukhona kokubili iyunithi yokulawula, ne-valve, ibhodi lokulawula. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi esinye sezici eziyinhloko zokusebenza kwe-DSG yipompo likawoyela elidala ingcindezi ohlelweni, ngaphandle kwalokho ibhokisi elikhethiwe ngeke lisebenze, futhi ukwehluleka kwepompo kuzokhubaza ngokuphelele iyunithi.

Yini engcono?

Ukuqonda ukuthi yiliphi i-gearbox elingcono, sizochaza izinzuzo nezinkinga ezinkulu zokudluliswa ngakunye.

Izinzuzo zokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-hydraulic:

• ukuthembeka;
• ikhono lokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza;
• lula ukushayela imoto;
• isisetshenziswa esiphakeme kakhulu seyunithi, ngokuya ngokusebenza okulungile nokunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi.

nemibi:

• ukulungiswa okubizayo;
• akunakwenzeka ukuqala injini kusuka ku- "pusher";
• isevisi ebizayo;
• ukubambezeleka kokushintshwa kwegiya;
• ukuba sengozini kokushelela.

Izinzuzo ze-CVT:

• ukusebenza kwenjini ethule;
• Iyunithi yamandla isebenza ngemodi emnene;
• ukusheshisa okuzinzile nganoma yisiphi isivinini.

nemibi:

• ukugqoka ngokushesha nezindleko eziphezulu zebhande;
• ukuba sengozini kwesakhiwo ukuze kusetshenziswe kumodi "yegesi kuya phansi";
• ukulungiswa okubizayo maqondana nokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo.

Izinzuzo zebhokisi lamagiya elikhethiwe:

• ukonga uphethiloli;
• ukulanda ngokushesha nokuzibandakanya kwamagiya adingekayo lapho kudingeka ukusheshisa okucijile;
• usayizi omncane.

nemibi:

• ukushintshwa kwegiya elibonakalayo;
• amasistimu wokusekelwa ngogesi asengozini;
• ngokuvamile ukulungiswa akunakwenzeka - kuphela ukushintshwa kwezingxenye eziyinhloko nezingxenye;
• isikhathi sokusebenza esiphansi;
• okubizayo ikhithi bamba (DSG);
• uvalo lokushibilika.

Akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ukuthi yikuphi ukuthunyelwa okubi kakhulu noma okungcono, ngoba umshayeli ngamunye uzinqumela ngokuzimela uhlobo olulula kakhulu lokudlulisela, kuye ngokuthanda kwakhe.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Imuphi u-gearbox onokwethenjelwa kakhulu? Kuningi okuphikisanayo kulokhu. Umakhenikha oyedwa usebenza amashumi eminyaka, futhi umshini uyahluleka ngemva kwama-MOT ambalwa. I-Mechanics inenzuzo engenakuphikwa: uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka, umshayeli uzokwazi ukuzimela esiteshini sesevisi futhi alungise ibhokisi legiya ngesabelomali.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi yiliphi ibhokisi? Kulula ukuhlukanisa ukudluliswa kwe-manual kusuka ku-othomathikhi ngokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwe-clutch pedal (i-othomathikhi ayinayo i-pedal enjalo). Ngokuqondene nohlobo lwe-othomathikhi, udinga ukubheka imodeli yemoto.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-automatic transmission ne-automatic? I-othomathikhi iyi-othomathikhi yokudlulisela (i-automatic transmission). Kodwa irobhothi liyimishini efanayo, kuphela eline-clutch ekabili kanye nokushintshwa kwamagiya okuzenzakalelayo.