Uyini umhluzi wamafutha futhi ubekwa kuphi?

Indima eyinhloko yokuhlunga kawoyela ukususa ukungcola okuhlukahlukene okukhona emvelweni, kuyenze ibe yinto ebalulekile yohlelo lwamafutha. Inikeza ukuvikelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yensimbi kanye nenjini kusuka ezinhlayiyeni ezincane ezikhona kuphethiloli noma kaphethiloli.

Iqiniso ngukuthi kunezinhlayiya eziningi ezingenakubalwa emoyeni eziyizitha zenjini, futhi isihlungi sokonga sisebenza njengesithiyo kuzo. Uma bangene enjini, bangaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle futhi babangele izinkinga ezinkulu njengokucindezela kwesilinda ephukile, ama-nozzles ahlanganisiwe noma injekishini, njll. Kungakho kuqakathekile njalo ukuthi uhlole isimo sefayili yamafutha bese usiguqula ngesikhathi. Izinga lokuhlunga lincike ekutheni hlobo luni lukaphethiloli esilusebenzisayo nokuthi iyini ukwakhiwa kwenjini yethu.

Isihlungi sokaphethiloli sidonsa izinhlayiya ezinjengesihlabathi, ukugqwala, ukungcola okungena emathangini ensimbi okugcina noma okuhambisa uphethiloli. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlunga kwamafutha: i-coarse and emihle.

Ukuhlunga kwamafutha okuhlanza ama-coarse

Lolu hlobo lwesihlungi lususa izinhlayiya ezinhle kuphethiloli ezinobukhulu obukhulu kuno-0,05 - 0,07 mm. Zinezinto zokuhlunga, ezingaba yi-tape, i-mesh, ipuleti noma olunye uhlobo.

Kukhona izihlungi ezine-sump yokuhlanza ama-coarse. Bafaka uphethiloli ngesigxobo esingenalutho, esibizwa nangokuthi umjovo, ojikijelwe umgodi. Fuel igeleza phakathi izikhala phezulu esihlokweni.

Ibe isiya kusabalalisa futhi isuka lapho igeleza kwisibonisi iye ezansi kwendlu yokuhlunga. Ukungcola kweCoarser namanzi kuqongelela ezansi kwesitsha.

Fuel igeleza enqamula endaweni yezimbiza futhi echwebeni eya kuphampu yephethiloli. Umthamo wokuhlunga unesihlwathi esithunyelwe kuso. Iqhaza lazo ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwesiyaluyalu kaphethiloli endebeni (ukuze imfucumfucuthe iqoqana kusobho). Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwezimoto, udoti udonswa ngepulaki.

Ukuhlunga kwamafutha okuhlanzwa okuhle

Kulolu hlobo lokuhlunga kukaphethiloli, uphethiloli noma udizili kudlula kuwo ngaphambi kokujova iphampu kaphethiloli. Isihlungi sisusa konke ukungcola okungaphezu kwama-microns ayi-3-5. Okuqukethwe kwalesi sisefo kuvame ukwenziwa ngephepha elikhethekile le-multi-ungqimba, kodwa futhi kungenziwa ngoboya bezimbiwa obufakwe ngebhandishi, umuzwa noma enye into.

Isihlungi sakhiwe ngezindlu eyodwa kanye nezinto ezimbili zokuhlunga ezingashintshwa, kanye nemikhumbi emibili, lapho kufakwa khona amabhanela amabili. Umsebenzi wabo ukuvikela umzimba ngamantongomane. Amapulagi wokukhipha anamathiselwe phansi kwaleli bhuloki.

Isihlungi esihle sesihlungi sokaphethiloli siqukethe izinto zokuhlunga iphepha. Isendlalelo sangaphandle senziwe ngamakhadibhodi egcotshwe futhi sinezimpawu ngaphambili. Bacindezelwa ngokuqinile ngokumelene nendlu yokuhlunga ngokusebenzisa iziphethu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlungi sokaphethiloli sicupha izinhlayiya ezinjengezinto eziphilayo, i-sludge namanzi, ezinjengembuyiselo odongeni lwamathangi kaphethiloli, napharafini, oqhubeka nenqubo ye-crystallization kuphethiloli.

Lezi zinto zingangena ku-petroli ngemuva kokwenza amafutha, noma zakhiwe ngokuphendula kwamakhemikhali kaphethiloli. Izimoto zedizili zinokuhlunga okuthe xaxa kukagesi. Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona isizathu sokucabanga ukuthi injini yedizili ayidingi ukufakwa endaweni efanelekile kwesihlungi.

Ngabe isihlungi sokaphethiloli sitholakala kuphi futhi sisebenza kanjani?

Isihlungi sikaphethiloli kumamodeli amaningi ezimoto sitholakala emigqeni kaphethiloli phakathi kwama-injection nephampu yamafutha. Kwezinye izinhlelo, kufakwa izihlungi ezimbili: zokuhlanza ama-coarse ngaphambi kwepompo (uma ingekho ethangini likaphethiloli), nokuhlanza kahle - ngemuva kwayo.

Imvamisa itholakala endaweni ephezulu kakhulu ohlelweni lwemoto. Ngakho-ke, umoya ongena ovela ngaphandle uqoqwa futhi ubuyiselwe ndawonye nophethiloli ngevolthi yomjovo.

Kwenziwe ngephepha elikhethekile, eliqukethwe esitsheni sensimbi esitholakala kwinjini yemoto. Ukuthola ukuthi ihluzo lakho likaphethiloli lithini, bhekisisa incwadi yakho yemoto.

Ukuvela kwesihlungi sokaphethiloli nendawo yaso kuncike kwimodeli yemoto yakho. Imicibisholo ejwayelekile yedizili ibukeka njengethangi lensimbi.

I-valve elayishwe entwasahlobo iyavula ngokuya ngokweqile kwengcindezi ebekwe ngumenzi. Le valthi ilawulwa ngokulungisa ukuqina kwama-shims atholwe esiteshini. Indima ye-plug kukususa umoya ohlelweni.

Izinkinga zokuhlunga ejwayelekile

Ukwehluleka ukufaka okokuhlunga kukawoyela ngesikhathi kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini. Lapho ohlukanisile ephelelwe yisikhathi, uphethiloli ongena engubeni ungena enjini, okonakalisa ukusebenza kahle komlilo yingakho konke ukusebenza kwenjini. Lokhu kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukadizili, uphethiloli, methane, propane-butane. Ngakho-ke, lapho ushintsha uwoyela, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe isihlungi senjini semoto.

Ukuziphatha kwenjini ngqo kuncike ekutheni ihlanzekile kangakanani ihlunga lamafutha nokuthi sishintsha kangaki. Lapho okokuhlunga kaphethiloli kuhlanganiswa nemfucumfucu, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini. Ayitholi inani lamafutha lapho uhlelo lomjovo luhlelwe khona, okuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni ngokuqala. Ukufakwa esikhundleni okungajwayelekile kwesihlungi sokaphethiloli nakho kukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kawoyela.

Eminye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yesihlungi samafutha ukwahlukanisa amanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma kunamanzi kaphethiloli, lokhu kubuye kuphele amandla enjini futhi kufinyeze impilo yayo. Amanzi ayonakala emithanjeni yensimbi, anciphisa amandla okugcwala kwawo, alimaze ama-injector nozzles futhi aholele ekungasebenni kahle kwamalangabi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi adala izimfuneko zokwanda ukwakhiwa kwamagciwane. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi kutholakala ngezihlungi ezihlanganisiwe zesahlukanisi. Njengoba igama labo libonisa, bahlukanisa amanzi nophethiloli.

Isihluzi salolu hlobo sinendawo yokuhlala, ebizwa nangokuthi indawo yokugcina amanzi, lapho amanzi ahlukaniswe khona kaphethiloli eqoqwa ngaphansi. Ungazikhipha ngokwakho. Amanzi aqukethe izihlungi ze-petroli ehlukanisiwe ahlukaniswe ngezindlela ezimbili.

Ukuhlanza i-cyclonic

Kuyo, amanzi amaningi asuswa uphethiloli ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla we-centrifugal.

Ukuhlanza ngezinto zokuhlunga

Ngenxa yalokhu, amanzi ahlanganiswe nophethiloli agcinwa yinto ekhethekile yokuhlunga. Amanzi angahlungiwe anqwabelana ngaphezulu kwento yokuhlunga futhi angena eshalofini. Lapho lokhu kugcwala kugcwele, ngaphezu kwamanzi, uphethiloli ocindezelwe uqala ukungena ngaphakathi kuwo.

Lapho la mafutha eqala ukudlula ezintweni zokuhlunga futhi engena enjini, kukhiqizwa ingcindezi eyandayo. Lokhu kwenzeka noma ngabe ihlunga kanjani i-petratorhlukanisa.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi emicimbini yokuhlunga udizili, amanzi anqwabelana ezansi. Lapho uthatha indawo yokuhlunga kaphethiloli, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi kukhona i-valve yokuhambisa. Lokhu kuzosisiza ukuthi sikhiphe amanzi aqoqiwe. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona inani elincane lamanzi phansi, lokhu akuyona imbangela yokukhathazeka.

Ebusika

Kuyasiza ukuba ne-heater yokuhlunga kawoyela phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika ngoba amakristalu e-ice noma e-parafini angangena kuyo lapho kuqala ukubanda. I-paraffin wax nayo ingavala okokuhlunga, ikwenze kungabonakali. Isihlungi samafutha singashiswa ngezindlela eziningi.

Ukushisa ugesi

I-heater esebenza ngohlu oluthile lokushisa ifakiwe ezindlini zokuhlunga. Ivula futhi icime ngokuzenzakalelayo njengoba ine-thermostat.

Buyisela izinhlelo zokushisa

Lolu hlobo lokushisa lwenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zezulu ezinzima. Kwezinye izinhlelo zezimoto, uphethiloli ongashisiwe ubuyiselwa ethangini. Lomugqa ubizwa nangokuthi "ukubuya".

Ngakho-ke, isihlungi sophethiloli sihlinzeka ngokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kakhulu kaphethiloli noma kaphethiloli. Lokhu kunomthelela ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwemoto, ngakho-ke ukushintshwa okufika ngesikhathi kwale nto kunconywa.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Isihlungi sikaphethiloli kufanele silingane kanjani kahle? Amamodeli amaningi okuhlunga amafutha akhombisa ukuthi uphethiloli kufanele uhambe ngakuphi. Uma isihlungi sifakwe ngokungalungile, uphethiloli ngeke ugeleze.

Isihlungi sikaphethiloli sitholakala kuphi? Isihlungi sikaphethiloli esimahhadla sihlala sifakwe ethangini likaphethiloli phambi kwephampu engaphansi kwamanzi. Emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka, itholakala endaweni yenjini.

Sibukeka kanjani isihlungi sikaphethiloli? Kuye ngohlobo lwamafutha (uphethiloli noma udizili), isihlungi singafakwa isihlukanisi (i-sump yamanzi) noma ngaphandle kwayo. Isihlungi ngokuvamile si-cylindrical futhi singaba sobala.