Nciphisa futhi wandise isilinganiso sokucindezelwa

Ukulungiswa kwemoto yisihloko esiyintandokazi sabashayeli bezimoto abaningi. Uma ngokwehlukana kwemibandela sihlukanisa zonke izinhlobo zemishini yesimanje, khona-ke kuzoba nezigaba ezimbili: ezobuchwepheshe nezokubukwayo. Esimweni sesibili, ukubukeka kwemoto kuphela okuguqukayo. Isibonelo salokhu ukuqhuma kwamabhomu noma isitayela sesimanje stens auto.

Kukhona nezinketho eziningi zokuhlelwa kobuchwepheshe. Uma esimweni sokuqala imoto ingabukeka iyimidlalo kuphela, ukuphuculwa kweyunithi yamandla akukuthinti ngandlela thile ukubukeka kwemoto. Kepha lapho imoto engabonakali ifakwa emjahweni, izibukeli zilindela i-furore, ngoba ziyaqonda: umnikazi wemoto ulungiselele okuthile okuthakazelisayo.

Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini emotweni akuhloselwe njalo ukwandisa amandla nokusebenza kwayo. Abanye abanikazi bezimoto bazibekela umgomo wokudlalisa injini. Kunezindlela eziningana zokukhulisa nokunciphisa ukusebenza kweyunithi. Ake sicabangele omunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe. Lokhu ukukhuphuka / ukwehla kwesilinganiso sokuminyaniswa.

Ukwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezela

Kuyaziwa ukuthi isilinganiso sokucindezelwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, sithinta ngqo amandla enjini. Uma ukuphoqa injini usebenzisa i-cylinder bore kuholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwephethiloli, le nqubo ayithinti lesi sici. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ivolumu yenjini ihlala injalo (ngemininingwane eminingi ukuthi iyini, funda lapha), kepha ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuncane kakhulu.

Abanye abashayeli bacabanga ukwenza le nqubo ukuze bandise ukucindezelwa ngaphandle kokushintsha inani likaphethiloli osetshenzisiwe. Uma ukusetshenziswa kukhuphukile, okokuqala kukhombisa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ku-injini noma ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli. Ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokucindezelwa kuleli cala akukwazi nje kuphela ukushintsha lutho, kepha kunalokho - kubangela ukuwohloka okuthile.

Uma ukuminyaniswa kwehlile, khona-ke lokhu kungasebenzi kungakhombisa ama-valve wokutubeka, ukwehlukana kwama-O-rings, njll. Imininingwane eminingi yokuthi izilinganiso zokuminyanisa zikuvumela kanjani ukuthi unqume ukungasebenzi kahle kwemoto okuchazwe ku isihloko esihlukile... Ngalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuphoqa imoto, udinga ukuqeda ukungasebenzi kahle okuvelile.

Lokhu yilokho ukucindezelwa okwandayo kwenhlanganisela komoya-uphethiloli okunika enjinini esetshenziswayo:

1. Ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini (ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuyanda, kepha ukusetshenziswa akuguquki);
2. Amandla weyunithi yamandla akhuphuka ngenxa yama-jolts aqinile, acasula ukushisa kwe-BTC;
3. Ukucindezela okwandisiwe.

Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo, le nqubo inemiphumela yayo emibi. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuphoqa, kuzodingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe uphethiloli ngenombolo eyengeziwe ye-octane (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngaleli nani, funda lapha). Uma ugcwalisa ithangi ngophethiloli ofanayo owawusetshenziswa phambilini, kunengozi yokungqongqoza. Yilapho-ke lapho ingxube evuthayo ingashisi khona lapho kusetshenziswa inhlansi, kodwa iyaqhuma.

Umlilo ongalawulwa nongazelelwe we-BTC uzothinta isimo sama-piston, ama-valve kanye nayo yonke indlela yokusebenza. Ngenxa yalokhu, impilo yokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla iyancipha kakhulu. Lo mphumela ubalulekile kunoma iyiphi injini, noma ngabe iyunithi yokushaywa unhlangothi kabili noma unhlangothi.

"Isilonda" esinjalo asihlushwa nje kuphela yinjini kaphethiloli ephoqelelwe ukusebenzisa leyo ndlela okukhulunywa ngayo, kodwa futhi nophiko lwedizili. Ukuze ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokuminyanisa kungaphazamisi ukusebenza kwenjini, ngaphezu kokuguqulwa kwayo, kuzodingeka ukuthi kamuva ugcwalise ithangi lemoto kaphethiloli ngophethiloli, uthi, hhayi u-92, kepha sekuvele kungu-95 noma nemikhiqizo engama-98.

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokwenza lolu phiko lube ngolwesimanje, umuntu kufanele acabangisise ukuthi ngabe lokho kuzolungiswa ngempela yini kwezomnotho. Ngokuqondene nezimoto ezifakwe ukufakwa kwegesi (funda ngezici zokufakwa kwe-LPG ngokwehlukana), khona-ke ukucekelwa phansi akukaze kwenzeke kuzo. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi lo gesi uneRON ephezulu. Le nkomba kaphethiloli onjalo ingu-108, ukuze kuzinjini ezisebenzisa uphethiloli, kungenzeka ukwandisa umkhawulo wokuminyaniswa ngaphandle kokwesaba.

Izindlela ezi-2 zokwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezelwa

Isimiso esiyinhloko sale ndlela yokuphoqa injini ukushintsha ivolumu yegumbi lokushisa. Lesi yisikhala esingenhla kwepiston, lapho kuxutshwa khona uphethiloli kanye nengxenye yomoya ocindezelweyo (ama-injection system ngqo) noma inhlanganisela eyenziwe ngomumo.

Ngisho nasefektri, umenzi ubala isilinganiso esithile sokucindezelwa kwiyunithi ethile. Ukuze ushintshe le parameter, kubalulekile ukubala ukuthi inani lani lesikhala esingenhla se-piston elingancishiswa.

Ake sibheke izindlela ezimbili ezivame kakhulu lapho igumbi elingaphezulu kwepiston esikhungweni esiphezulu sabafileyo liba lincane.

Ukufaka i-gasket yenjini encane

Indlela yokuqala ukusebenzisa i-gasket head cylinder encane. Ngaphambi kokuthenga le nto, udinga ukubala ukuthi isikhala esingaphezu kwepiston sizokwehla kangakanani, futhi ucabangele nezici zesakhiwo sama-piston.

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-piston zingashayisana nama-valve avulekile lapho igumbi lokushisa lincipha. Isakhiwo sangaphansi sizonquma ukuthi ngabe indlela efanayo yokuphoqa injini ingasetshenziswa noma cha.

Uma, noma kunjalo, kwenziwa isinqumo sokunciphisa umthamo wesikhala ngaphezu kwepiston usebenzisa i-gasket encane, kufanelekile ukubhekisisa ama-piston nge-concave bottom. Ngaphezu kokufaka izingxenye ezintsha ngobukhulu obungajwayelekile, kuzodingeka nokuthi ulungise isikhathi se-valve (yini lokhu, kusho lapha).

Lapho i-gasket ithathelwa indawo ngenxa yokutubeka, ikhanda kufanele lifakwe isihlabathi. Ngokuya ngokuthi inqubo efanayo isivele yenziwa kangaki, ivolumu yesikhala esingenhla se-piston izoncipha kancane kancane.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhulisa isilinganiso sokucindezelwa, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi ukugaya kwenziwa ngumnikazi wemoto wangaphambilini noma cha. Ithuba lenqubo nalo lizoya ngalokhu.

Isilinda kuyisicefe

Indlela yesibili yokushintsha isilinganiso sokucindezelwa ukuthwala amasilinda. Kulokhu, asithinti ikhanda uqobo. Ngenxa yalokho, ivolumu yenjini inyuka kancane (kanye nalokhu, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuzokwanda), kepha ivolumu yesikhala esingenhla se-piston ayishintshi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ivolumu enkulu ye-VTS izocindezelwa ngosayizi wekamelo lomlilo elingashintshi.

Kunokuhlukahluka okuningi okufanele kubhekwe lapho kwenziwa le nqubo:

1. Uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iphoqeleka ukuba inyuse amandla, kepha hhayi ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, le ndlela ayifanele. Vele, "ukuminza" kwemoto kuyanda kancane, kepha kusekhona.
2. Ngaphambi kokuba uthwale amasilinda, udinga ukukala ukuthi hlobo luni lwama-piston ozolidinga. Into esemqoka ukuthi ungakhetha izingxenye ezifanele ngemuva kwesimanje.
3. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela ngokuqinisekile kuzoholela ekuchithekeni okwengeziwe - udinga ukuthenga ama-piston angajwayelekile, amasongo, ukhokhe imali ku-Turner oyingcweti ozowenza kahle umsebenzi. Futhi lokhu ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi udinga ukushintshela kuhlobo oluthile lukaphethiloli.
4. Umphumela omkhulu wokukhuphula isilinganiso sokucindezelwa uzobonwa esimweni salezo zinjini ezine-CC encane eshunwe kusuka efemini. Uma umshini ifakwe iyunithi kakade umfutho (kusukela ifektri), khona-ke ngeke kube khona ukwanda okuphawulekayo kusukela inqubo enjalo.

Yehlisa isilinganiso sokucindezelwa

Le nqubo yenziwa uma kudingeka ukwehliswa kweyunithi. Isibonelo, abashayeli bezimoto abafuna ukonga uphethiloli banciphisa ama-SS. Isilinganiso sokucindezela esiphansi senhlanganisela yomoya-uphethiloli sivumela ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngenombolo ephansi ye-octane.

Phambilini umehluko obuphakathi kuka-92 no-76 ububalulekile, okwenza inqubo ibize ngempumelelo. Namuhla, uphethiloli wama-76 uyisenzakalo esingajwayelekile, esenza umsebenzi womshayeli ube nzima uma edinga ukuhamba ibanga elide (zimbalwa kakhulu iziteshi zikagesi ezithengisa lolu hlobo lukaphethiloli).

Ukuvuselelwa okunjalo kube nomthelela kuphela ezimweni zemodeli yakudala yemoto. Izimoto zesimanje zifakwe izinhlelo zikaphethiloli ezingcono ezifuna uphethiloli. Ngalesi sizathu, ukonga okubonakalayo kungalimaza imoto kunokuba kuzuze.

Ukwehliswa kokucindezelwa kwenziwa ngokohlelo olulandelayo. Ikhanda lesilinda liyasuswa futhi liyisanda. Esikhundleni se-gasket ejwayelekile, kufakwe ama-analogue amabili ajwayelekile, phakathi kwalapho kufakwa khona i-aluminium enobukhulu obufanele.

Njengoba le nqubo inciphisa ukucindezelwa, imoto yesimanje izolahlekelwa ngamandla. Ukugcina isipiliyoni sokushayela esijwayelekile, umshayeli kuzodingeka ukuthi ayishintshe kakhulu injini, okuzothinta ukusetshenziswa kwayo phezulu. Uphethiloli, osezingeni elibi kakhulu, ukhiqiza ukukhipha okuncane okumsulwa, yingakho i-catalyst izophela emthonjeni wayo ngokushesha futhi izodinga ukushintshwa njalo.

Ingabe kufanele ushintshe usuka ku-95 uye ku-92 ngentengo enjalo, yebo, lokhu kuyibhizinisi lomuntu wonke. Kepha ukuqonda okujwayelekile kuyasho: ukuguqulwa kwezinjini ezibizayo ukuze kuthiwe konga uphethiloli ongabizi kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemali kungenangqondo. Lokhu kunjalo, ngoba imfucuza eyengeziwe ngokuqinisekile izovela ngendlela yokulungisa uhlelo lukaphethiloli (ukuhlanza ama-injectors) noma i-catalyst.

Isizathu kuphela sokuthi imoto yesimanje ingadinga ukuthuthuka okunjalo ukufaka i-turbocharger. Lapho indlela enjalo ixhunyiwe, ukuqhuma kungenzeka emotweni, ngakho-ke, abanye bakhulisa ivolumu yesikhala esingaphezulu kwepiston.

Ngokwengeziwe, siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo kokukhulisa / ukwehlisa isilinganiso sokucindezelwa:

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ingabe isilinganiso sokucindezela singanyuswa? Yebo. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule amandla athile emoto, futhi iphinde ikhulise ukusebenza kahle kwenjini njengenjini yokushisa (ukusebenza kahle kukhula ngesilinganiso esifanayo sokugeleza).

Ukukhuphuka kwesilinganiso sokucindezela, kungcono? Ngokukhuphuka kwesilinganiso sokucindezela, amandla enjini nawo ayanda, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ezinjini zikaphethiloli ingozi yokuqhuma iyanda (udinga ukugcwalisa uphethiloli nge-RON ephezulu).

Inyuka kanjani isilinganiso sokucindezela? Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungafaka i-gasket yekhanda elincane le-cylinder noma ugaye umkhawulo ophansi wekhanda. Indlela yesibili ukubhoboza amasilinda ukuze alingane namapiston amakhulu.