Yini inqola yesiteshi?

Inqola yesiteshi uhlobo lomzimba wemoto. Zi-sedan zakudala ezinendawo ekhuphukayo yemithwalo. Esikhundleni se-tailgate ejwayelekile, kufakwa umnyango owengeziwe odongeni olungasemuva lomzimba. Imishini enjalo ihlanganisa imodeli yokuhambisa abagibeli nemithwalo eningi ngokweqile.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, izinqola zeziteshi ezigcwele ngokugcwele zaqala ukukhiqizwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1940. Izinkampani zokuqala ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lomzimba kwimikhiqizo yazo kwakunguPlymouth noWyllis. Yathola ukuthandwa okuthile esikhathini kusukela ngawo-1950 kuya ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980s eMelika. Abantu babedinga izimoto, kepha ngasikhathi sinye izimoto ezinamakamelo.

Ngokuya ngezimpawu zobuchwepheshe benjini, ukuhambisa kanye nokumiswa, lezi zimoto zingathwala abantu aba-5 (kufaka phakathi umshayeli) futhi zilayishe umthwalo onesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu ayi-1500.

Injani inqola yesiteshi ebukeka ngayo

Iningi lama-automaker, lakha ibanga elisha lemodeli, lisebenzisa i-wheelbase eyodwa (ibanga eliphakathi kwama-axles esondo), lapho kufakwa khona izinhlobo ezahlukene zomzimba: inqola yesiteshi, i-coupe, i-hatchback, i -iftback ne-sedan. Inqola yesiteshi imvamisa iyinguqulo ende kunazo zonke kulolu hlu.

Imoto ingahlukaniswa kalula uphahla lwayo olude, oluhlala luphela ngomnyango omkhulu ovula phezulu. Ezinhlangothini, iningi lamamodeli lineminyango emibili ohlangothini ngalunye. Kwesinye isikhathi kunezinketho zeminyango emithathu (ezimbili ezinhlangothini neyodwa esiqwini). Kuyaqabukela ukubona amamodeli asembozo sawo sesiqu esihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, esivula hhayi ngaphezulu, kodwa ngasohlangothini.

Ezinye izinqola zesiteshi saseMelika zine-Tailgate ehlukanisiwe, enye yazo ivuleka enye ivuleke phansi. Lokhu kuguqulwa kukuvumela ukuba uthwale imithwalo emide ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvunyelwa kwethala lemithwalo. Kwimishini enjalo, isash ayikhanyisiwe.

Umnyango wangemuva ungaba mpo. Kule nguqulo, imoto inezinto ezinhle ezisebenzayo, ngoba izokwazi ukuthutha izimpahla ezinobuningi ngama-engeli angakwesokudla kuyo. Lokhu kungaba umshini wokuwasha, esiqandisini, izinto ezigcwele emabhokisini amakhadibhodi. Kwesinye isikhathi abashayeli basebenzisa imoto enjalo ukuhambisa izinto ezinkulu kunenqwaba yetrunk. Kulokhu, ngenkathi ushayela, inani elikhulu lothuli namagesi aqeda kungena ngaphakathi egumbini lokugibela.

Kukhona ukuguqulwa nge-skid engemuva elinganiselwe. Abenzi abakhi izimoto ezinjalo hhayi kuphela ukubukeka okuhle. Izici ze-aerodynamic zezimoto ezinjalo ziphakeme kunezinqola zesiteshi zakudala ezinesiqu esingunxande.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesidumbu senqola yesiteshi

Izinqola zeziteshi zingezesigaba sezimoto ezisebenzayo. Zivame ukukhethwa ngabamele amabhizinisi amancane abathanda ukonga imali lapho kuhanjiswa izimpahla. Futhi, lolu hlobo lomzimba lulungele imindeni emikhulu ethatha uhambo olude.

Izinqola zesiteshi ziyefana kakhulu nama-hatchbacks. Ngakho-ke, ngesinye isikhathi umthengi angadida lokhu kuguqulwa. Nakhu ukuthi bahluke kanjani komunye nomunye:

	Isiteshi senqola	I-Hatchback
Indlu	Ukusineka, ngokuvamile kuyacaba	Yehla ngokuthambile phansi ibhulamu ngaseceleni kwesihlalo sangemuva
Isiqu	Okukhulu kunabo bonke ebangeni lemodeli (ungahambisa esiqandisini ufike ku-2 m ukuphakama.)	Inketho compact yemithwalo emincane
Isimo somzimba	Imvamisa kunamakhompiyutha acacile	Ukubukeka okuhle, okuhlelekile
Ubude	Uhlobo lomzimba omude kunabo bonke ebangeni	Kungaba okufanayo noma kufushane kune-sedan

Inqola yesiteshi ihlukile kune-sedan, i -iftback ne-coupe ngoba ingaphakathi nesiqu kuhlangene kuso. Esimweni esigoqiwe sezihlalo ezingemuva, imoto enjalo isetshenziselwa ukuthutha abagibeli. Ngokuya ngemoto, ubungako besiqu esikuyo bungafinyelela amalitha angama-600. Kucishe kube kabili uma umugqa wangemuva ungavuleki.

Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, kumamodeli wanamuhla, kufakwa i-mesh enzima noma ethambile phakathi kwegumbi labagibeli nesiqu. Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise sonke indawo yesibucu ngaphandle kwengozi yokulimala kubagibeli abasemuva.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zenqola yesiteshi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inqola yesiteshi iwuhlobo oluhlukile lomzimba, inezigatshana ezimbalwa. Ngokuvamile zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zabashayeli bezimoto abahlukene. Isigaba ngasinye sinezici zaso zesitayela, izinga lokunethezeka, ngisho nezemidlalo.

Nazi izigaba zonke ama-generalists ahlukaniswe ngazo:

1. Izinqola zesiteshi zakudala. Imoto enjalo ine-overhang enkulu engemuva, futhi umzimba ubukeka njenge-aquarium (ene-glazing eningi). Umzimba ngokusobala unevolumu emibili (i-hood kanye nengxenye eyinhloko igqamile), futhi umnyango wangemuva uvame ukutholakala ngokuqondile. Kwamanye amamodeli, isicabha sangemuva singafakwa ngamahlamvu amabili. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuphakama komzimba wenqola yesiteshi yakudala kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli efanayo emzimbeni we-sedan.
2. Izinqola ze-Hardtop station. Isici esihlukile sokuguqulwa okunjalo yinani elincane lama-struts emzimbeni (empeleni, azikho izinsika ze-B, njengaku-convertibles). Ukucwebezela kwangemuva kohlobo lwe-panoramic. ngenxa yezidingo eziqinile zokuphepha kwezimoto, amamodeli anjalo manje awakhiqizwanga, ngoba ngesikhathi se-rollover labo abasendlini abavikelekile ekulimaleni.
3. Ukudubula izinqola zamaBrake station. Kulesi sigaba, ikakhulukazi izinqola zesiteshi ezineminyango emithathu. Awasebenziseki kangako futhi avame ukuba nemidlalo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqola yesiteshi yakudala, lokhu kuguqulwa kufinyezwa kancane. Mayelana nokuklama, lawa mamodeli athola i-tailgate yangokwezifiso ngenxa ye-aerodynamics.
4. Ama-Crossovers. Nakuba lolu hlobo lomzimba luthatha indawo ehlukile phakathi kohlu lwezinhlobo zemizimba, ngokomthetho wamazwe amaningi futhi ngokusemthethweni luyingxenye yezinqola zesiteshi (isakhiwo somzimba esinevolumu emibili ene-tailgate ecishe iqonde mpo). Amamodeli anjalo ayingxenye yekilasi elihlukile ngenxa yokuvunyelwa kwawo okuphezulu.
5. Izinqola zesiteshi sezemidlalo. Imvamisa, umzimba onjalo ufana nemodeli yeGran Turismo kunemoto esetshenziswayo. Eqinisweni, lawa ama-coupes amade alungele ukuthutha abagibeli.
6. Amaveni. Isici esihlukile salezi zinhlobo zezinqola zesiteshi ukungabikho kokucwebezela kumugqa ongemuva wezihlalo. Esikhundleni sengilazi, amaphaneli angenalutho afakiwe. Isizathu ukuthi azikho izihlalo zabagibeli emotweni enjalo. Imvamisa, amaveni anjalo ayisimanjemanje senqola yesiteshi yakudala, ikakhulukazi ezokuthutha impahla.

Inqola yesiteshi kanye ne-hatchback. Uyini umehluko?

Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwenqola yesiteshi kanye ne-hatchback umthamo wendawo yemithwalo. Ezinqoleni zesiteshi (kaningi zenziwa ngesisekelo se-sedan, kodwa ngohlobo oluhlukile lwegumbi lemithwalo, elihlanganiswe nengaphakathi), ubude be-overhang yangemuva abushintshiwe, okungenakushiwo ngama-hatches. Ngakho-ke, i-hatchback ine-trunk encane ngisho ne-sofa yangemuva ivuliwe.

Uma kungenjalo, lezi zinhlobo zemizimba ziyefana - zinepulani lomnyango wangemuva ofanayo, amathuba amaningi okuguqula ikhabethe libe yi-trunk enkulu. Futhi, lezi zinguquko zinezinkinga ezifanayo.

Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zemizimba yilezi:

• I-hatchback inomklamo wangemuva oyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba ayilolwe ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala umthamo omkhulu.
• Ama-hatchbacks adlala kakhulu.
• Inqola yesiteshi iminyene kancane.
• I-hatchback ivamise ukuba yisigaba somzimba esihlukile ohlelweni, futhi inqola yesiteshi imvamisa kune-sedan edwetshwe kabusha kancane enesivalo se-trunk esilungisiwe kanye nesakhiwo se-C-pillar ehlukile. Kumamodeli wesabelomali, inqola yesiteshi ithola ngisho nama-optics angemuva ku-sedan.

Inqola yesiteshi vs hatchback. Ikuphi ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu?

Ukukhethwa kohlobo lomzimba olufanele lomshayeli othile kuthonywa ngokuyinhloko izidingo zakhe. Kuwusizo kakhulu ukukhetha inqola yesiteshi uma umshayeli edinga:

1. Imoto yomndeni enegumbi;
2. Ngokuvamile ukuthutha imithwalo emikhulu;
3. Vikela impahla ethuthwayo esimweni sezulu esibi;
4. Imoto egcwele ngokugcwele enekhono lokuthwala kahle igumbi labagibeli kanye nemithwalo ngayinye yazo;
5. Imoto Universal yazo zonke izikhathi;
6. Thenga imoto yokusetshenziswa kwesabelomali.

Kodwa esikhundleni senqola yesiteshi, kungaba ngcono ukuthenga i-hatchback uma:

1. Sidinga imoto evulekile enobukhulu obuncane bomzimba ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisa imoto ezimeni zasemadolobheni;
2. Udinga imoto evulekile, kodwa engenakho ukunethezeka (akuwona wonke umuntu okhululekile ukushayela lapho izinto ezivela esiqwini zilenga phezu kwamakhanda abo);
3. Imoto edlulayo eyengeziwe ngenxa yokulengela kancane ngemuva;
4. Sidinga imoto esezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa engabizi kakhulu;
5. I-aerodynamics enhle kakhulu enomklamo wezemidlalo kulindeleke emotweni.

Izinqola zesiteshi ezithengeka kakhulu

Imoto engabizi kakhulu imoto eyingxenye yesabelomali (umshayeli ojwayelekile angathenga imoto enjalo ku-showroom). Endaweni yesikhala se-post-Soviet, ezinqoleni ezintsha zesiteshi, ezingabizi kakhulu yilawa mamodeli alandelayo omndeni wakwaLada:

• Grant. Kusukela ngaphambili, lo modeli ufana nomklamo we-Kalina. Ngokuya ngokucushwa nokunikezwa okukhethekile kwezindawo ezithengisa izimoto, izindleko zeGranti entsha ziqala kumadola ayizinkulungwane eziyi-16.3.
• I-Largus. Le modeli yaboleka umklamo kanye nengxenye yobuchwepheshe kwaRenault Logan, umzimba kuphela esimweni sikaLargus okhulisiwe. Imodeli ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yezici zayo ezisetshenziswayo. Ukuthengiswa kwemoto enjalo kuqala ku-20 XNUMX USD.
• Vesta SW. Lona ukwazi emgqeni wamamodeli womkhiqizi wasekhaya. Imodeli izoqhudelana nabalingani bakwamanye amazwe, kodwa ngentengo enesizotha. E-salon, imoto enjalo ingathengwa kusukela kuma-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingu-23.

Yiqiniso, emakethe yezimoto ezisetshenzisiwe, izindleko zalezi zinhlobo zincane kakhulu, kodwa kunengozi enkulu yokufika kumthengisi ongathembekile.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Ukunquma izinzuzo nezinkinga kuyinqubo ehlobene. Konke kuncike ezidingweni nasezintandokazi zomshayeli. Uma sibheka lolu hlobo lomzimba ngokombono womsebenzisi ojwayelekile wezokuthutha komgwaqo, izinzuzo zifaka phakathi:

• Igumbi elikhulu lemithwalo. Kungakhula ngokuphawulekayo ngenxa yezindleko zegumbi uma umugqa ongemuva wezihlalo ugoqiwe phansi. Imvamisa kuba nezinqola zesiteshi ezingekho ngaphansi kokubamba ukuya kuma-minivans asezingeni eliphakathi. Yize ama-sedans amaningi esimanje nawo engakhuphula umthamo we-trunk ngenxa yezihlalo zangemuva, kungathuthwa izinto ezinde kuphela kuzo, futhi ngokuqondene nezinto ezinamandla, ngokwesibonelo, umshini wokuwasha noma isiqandisi, inqola yesiteshi ilungele lokhu;
• Amamodeli anokuvunyelwa komhlaba okwandisiwe noma okuguqukayo avame ukutholakala. Amanye amalungu omndeni anama-wheel drive wonke;
• Kwezinye izimo, kunzima ukuhlukanisa izinqola zesiteshi kusuka ku-crossover, uma owesibili ebengenalo uphahla oluthambile olunoshintsho olubushelelezi ngemuva (njengomzimba we-coupe). Yize kukhona futhi ama-crossovers enqoleni yesiteshi;
• Kuhle ngezimpelasonto zomndeni.

Okubi kwezinqola zesiteshi kufaka:

• Intengo enhle uma iqhathaniswa nemodeli efanayo, kuphela emzimbeni we-sedan;
• Amanye amamodeli anomklamo ongalungile - ingxenye ebalulekile yesigodi itholakala ngaphandle kwe-asi engemuva, yingakho umzimba ungaphansi komthwalo osindayo lapho uhambisa imithwalo esindayo (kwesinye isikhathi bekuba nezimo lapho umzimba uvele udwengulwe phakathi);
• Isimo somzimba esiwunxande asinamandla amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphindisela emuva nama-sedans;
• Noma ngubani ojwayele ukushayela i-sedan kuzofanele ajwayele ubukhulu obukhuphukile bemoto, obungaphazamisa isiminyaminya esiminyaminyeni sezimoto nasezindaweni zokupaka ezincane;
• Izici ze-Aerodynamic zidlala ngalolu hlobo lwemoto - iwindi langemuva lihlala lingcolile, futhi iwashi lesivikelo somoya noma ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva ayisizi njalo.

Ngokwengeziwe, ungafunda ngobuhle nobubi balolu hlobo lomzimba kule vidiyo elandelayo:

Isidumbu sezimoto ze-Universal. Izinzuzo nobubi bezinqola zesiteshi

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyiphi inqola yesiteshi ethembeke kakhulu? Inqola yesiteshi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi ephephile ibhekwa njengeVolvo CX70 (ekhiqizwe ngo-2010-2014). I-analogue enamandla kakhulu i-Subaru Outback yenkathi efanayo yokukhiqiza.

Ibukeka kanjani inqola yesiteshi? Lena imoto enohlobo lomzimba olunamavolumu amabili (uphahla kanye ne-hood kuchazwe ngokucacile). Isiqu siyingxenye yekhompathi yabagibeli. Ihlukaniswe ishalofu kanye ne-backrest kasofa ongemuva.