Yini ibhulokhi elithulile futhi lishintshwa nini

Amabhulokhi athule (okuzobizwa kamuva ngokuthi “s/b”) ayingxenye yokulengiswa, okungamabhuloki ensimbi amabili, phakathi kwawo okufakwe iraba. I-block ethule ixhuma izingxenye zokumiswa komunye nomunye, inciphisa ukudlidliza phakathi kwama-node. Amabhulokhi athule afaka isandla ekugibeleni okunethezekile ngenxa yokunwebeka kwenjoloba, esebenza njenge-damper phakathi kwezingxenye zokumiswa. 

Yini ibhulokhi ethule nenhloso yayo

Umsebenzi wamabhulokhi athule ukugwema ukusonteka kwezingxenye zokumiswa nokusebenza komzimba. Bangabokuqala ukuthatha ukushaqeka nokudlidliza, ngemuva kwalokho bancishiswe yizinciphisi ezishaqisayo. Futhi amabhulokhi athule ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo:

• ezokwakha (ezinamabili, noma ngaphandle kwensimbi);
• umthwalo wokuqamba (ukufaka okuqinile nokunwebeka noma ngezimbobo);
• uhlobo lokunamathiselwe (ama-bushings noma izindlu ezinama-lugs);
• ukuhamba (ukuhamba okuphakathi kanye "nokuntanta");
• impahla (irabha noma i-polyurethane).

Ngokwesakhiwo, amabhlogo athule ayahluka ngokuma, kuye ngomklamo we-lever. Imvamisa, ama-bushings amabili asetshenziswa kuma-levers angunxantathu we-MacPherson yohlobo lwangaphambili lokumiswa - amabhlogo athule angemuva anamabhuloki amabili, angaphambili anebhawodi yangaphakathi, akukho siqeshana sangaphandle. Ngendlela, i-s/b yangemuva ye-suspension yangaphambili ingagcwaliswa nge-hydrofilled. Lo mklamo ikuvumela ukuba umunce kangcono amandla okudlidliza, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho uketshezi luqala ukugeleza, ukusebenza kahle kwamabhulokhi athule kuncipha kakhulu.

Ngokomthwalo wokuqamba, kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-s / b aqinile, izinsiza zawo ziphakeme kakhulu.

Mayelana nokuhamba, amabhlogo athule “antantayo” afanele ukunakwa okukhethekile. Zisetshenziswa ngemuva kokumiswa kwe-multi-link, zingacindezelwa equlwini lokuqondisa noma induku ephambanayo. Ihabhu "elintantayo" linomsebenzi wesibili - ukuvumela isondo ukuthi lijike ngokukhululeka endaweni ethile, kuyilapho lihlala linganyakazi endizeni eqondile nevundlile. Umkhiqizo uyikheji, elivalwe nhlangothi zombili nge-anther, ngaphakathi lapho kufakwe khona ihinge. Ngenxa yokunyakaza kwehinge, ukumiswa kwangemuva "kuqondisa" uma kunesidingo, imoto emgwaqeni izinzile ngokujika okubukhali okufanele. kulokhu .. Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwe-bushing "entantayo" ukuthi i-rubber boot isengozini kakhulu endaweni enobudlova, emva kwalokho idlula uthuli nomswakama, inciphisa kakhulu impilo yengxenye. 

Avinjwa kuphi amabhlokhi athulile?

Ama-Rubber-iron bushings asetshenziswa kulezi zingxenye zokumiswa ezilandelayo:

• izingaphambili ezingaphambili nezingasemuva;
• izinduku ezinde nezidlulayo zokumiswa ngemuva;
• njengama-bushing bushings;
• kuma-knuckle wokuqondisa;
• kuma-shock absorck;
• njengendawo yokwakha amandla kagesi nokudluliselwa;
• on subframes.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhulokhi athule agcwele indawo esikhundleni sokufakwa enjoloba kuthuthukise kakhulu izici zobuchwepheshe be-chassis ngenxa yokuthi irabha esisebhaneni eliqinile lisebenza kangcono ukusonteka, kunciphisa amandla okudlidliza futhi aligcini masinyane. 

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zamabhulokhi athulile

Kunemikhakha emibili lapho wonke amabhlokhi athulile ahlukaniswa:

• Ngomsebenzi ezenziwe ngawo;
• Ngohlobo (ijamo nokwakheka).

Ama-bushings womgongolo wangemuva nezingalo zokulawula zangaphambili zenziwe ngerabha noma i-polyurethane.

Ngohlobo zihlukaniswa:

• Okujwayelekile okungahambeki. Izingxenye ezinjalo zinekheji lensimbi elifakiwe ngaphakathi kwenjoloba ngaphakathi. Kukhona futhi ukuguqulwa ngokufakwa okukodwa kwensimbi. Kulokhu, uzobekwa ngaphakathi kwesisekelo senjoloba.
• Ibhulokhi ethule noma imigoqo engxenyeni yerabha. Amabhulokhi anjalo athule anikeza ukusonteka okubushelelezi kohlaka. Ingxenye kumele icindezelwe ngokulinganayo ukuze umthwalo usatshalaliswe kuyo yonke ingxenye yokusebenza.
• Ibhlokhi ethule ngama-lug asymmetric. Izingxenye ezinjalo azinawo umgodi wokufaka. Esikhundleni salokho, kusetshenziswa ama-lugs. Lo mklamo ukuvumela ukuthi ulungise izingxenye ezisezindizeni zomgwaqo ezihlobene.
• Umklamo oyintantayo. Ngaphandle, amabhlokhi athulile athambile afana nebhola lezinyawo. Ukuze ngesikhathi sokusebenza ingxenye yenjoloba ingakhathali, imbozwe ngebhuti yenjoloba. Lokhu kuguqulwa kunikeza ukuhamba okuphelele kwengxenye ebekwe phezu kwayo. Zingahle zisetshenziselwe i-levers, kepha zivame ukufakwa ku-knuckle ye-hub.

Ungahlola kanjani amabhlokhi athule?

Isisetshenziswa esijwayelekile sezingxenye zokumiswa kwe-rubber-metal yi-100 km. Ukuxilongwa kwe-S / b kwenziwa njalo nge-000 km. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuphakamisa imoto ekuphakameni. Ukuhlola okuyinhloko kubonakala, kuyadingeka ukukhomba ukutholakala kwemifantu noma ukuphuka kwenjoloba. Uma kukhona ukuqhekeka, khona-ke lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthi i-s / b izodinga ukushintshwa maduze.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isheke liyenziwa kusetshenziswa intaba. Ukuncika kumphikisi, silingisa umsebenzi wawo, kuyilapho ukuhlukunyezwa kwalowo ovuzayo kufanele kube ngokuqinile. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasekufakweni kwenjini, ukushushuluza okuxakile.

Ohambweni, kungqongqoze ngokungahambi kahle, "ukukhukhumala" kokumiswa kukhuluma ngokugqokwa kwama-block.

Lapho ushintsho

Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwamabhulokhi athulile kwenziwa kuphela ngokugqokwa okusobala, kwezinye izimo akunangqondo ukuzithinta. Kunconywe ngokuqinile ukuthi kuguqulwe ingxenye yensimbi yensimbi ezinhlangothini zombili, ngoba ekuhambeni, ukumiswa kuqala ukuzibonakalisa kungafanele ngenxa yokuhluka ekusebenzeni kwe-levers. 

Ngendlela, akukhona konke ukumiswa okuqala "ukuzwakala" lapho i-s / w ifakiwe. Isibonelo: imoto iMercedes-Benz W210 ne-BMW 7-series E38 kuya ekugcineni zihlala “zithule”, noma ngabe amabhulokhi athule adabukile ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi igiya lokugijima kufanele litholakale ngokususelwa kumamayela kanye nezimpawu zokuqala zokuziphatha okungamisiwe ngokwanele.

Impilo yenkonzo

Ngokuvamile, izinsiza zezinto zokuqala zifinyelela ku-100 km noma ngaphezulu, kuya ngokuthi imoto isebenza kuphi. Ukukhuluma ngama-analogues, izinketho ezishibhile zingase zingaphumeleli kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane zesibili. I-mileage ejwayelekile ye-analog enhle ingu-000-50% womthombo wengxenye yokuqala yokuphumula. 

Ungawashintsha kanjani amabhlogo athule ngendlela efanele

Inkimbinkimbi yenqubo yokushintsha amabhlogo athule incike kumodeli wemoto, ngokunembile ohlotsheni lokumiswa kwemoto. Kodwa ngisho nakumklamo olula, amabhlogo athule akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuwashintsha.

Nansi imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokulandelana kwalo msebenzi:

1. Khetha amathuluzi alungile. Ukuze ulengise imoto, uzodinga i-jack (uma ingakabi ku-toolkit yomshayeli, khona-ke esihlokweni esehlukile imininingwane yokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani imoto yakho). Uzodinga futhi isethi ejwayelekile yama-wrenches. Ukwenza kube lula ukufaka kahle amabhlogo athule, kungcono ukuthenga ithuluzi lokuwacindezela emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga umdobi okhethekile wama-ball bearings.
2. Phakamisa uhlangothi olulodwa lwemoto bese ususa isondo elimisiwe.
3. Khumula bese ukhipha inati phezu kwesihlanganiso sebhola.
4. Ingalo elengayo ayikhihliwe.
5. Ibhulokhi ethule iyacindezelwa bese kucindezela entsha.
6. I-lever ifakwe. Ukugcotshwa kwengezwa ukuze ilunga lingagugi ngokushesha.
7. Inqubo efanayo yenziwa ngengalo engezansi.
8. Isondo liyayengwa futhi liqiniswe kakade phansi.

Uma emotweni ingxenye engemuva yokumiswa ifakwe amabhlogo athule, bese ishintshwa ngokulandelana okufanayo:

• Ingemuva lemoto lilenga ngaphandle.
• Isimo samabhulokhi athule kanye nokuba khona kokudlala kuma-levers kuyahlolwa.
• Amabhulokhi angemuva athule ashintshiwe uma kukhona ama-backlashes kuma-levers noma ingxenye yerabha yezingxenye igugile ngokucacile (kukhona ukuguqulwa noma ukuqhekeka).

Uma kungenjalo, amabhlogo athule ku-axle yangemuva ashintshwa ngendlela efanayo nangaphambili. Amasondo ayaboshelwa uma umshini usuvele uphansi ukuze imoto ingashibiliki kujeke.

Uma ushintsha amabhlogo athule, i-geometry yokumiswa ihlale iphulwa, njengoba ama-levers nama-ball bearings avuliwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngemva kokwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa, kubalulekile ukulungisa ukuqondanisa. kuyinto ukubaluleka kwale nqubo kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe.

Imaphi amabhlogo athulile angcono: i-polyurethane noma irabha?

Ngokungaqondakali, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwebhulokhi buthule, isixazululo esizwakalayo kungaba ukuwufaka endaweni efanayo, owawunikezwa ngumenzi. Uma umshayeli engajwayelene nedivayisi yemoto yakhe, ukukhethwa kwamabhulokhi athule kungenziwa ngokulandela ikhathalogi yemoto ethile.

Ngaphambi kokushintsha amabhulokhi athule, umnikazi wemoto kufanele anqume ngento okhiqizwe kuyo ingxenye leyo.

Emakethe yesimanje yezingxenye zezimoto, umthengi unikezwa izinketho ezimbili: injoloba ne-polyurethane analogue. Nanku umehluko.

Amabhlokhi enjoloba buthule

Enhliziyweni yamabhulokhi athule kangaka kusetshenziswa injoloba. Lezi zingxenye zishibhile futhi kulula ukuzithola ezitolo. Kepha le nketho inezinkinga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• Insiza yokusebenza encane;
• Creak, ngisho nangemva kokufaka esikhundleni;
• Azikubekezeleli ukuthonya kwemvelo okunolaka, ngokwesibonelo, imifantu yenjoloba ngaphansi kwemithwalo eqhweni elibi.

Amabhulokhi athulayo wePolyurethane

Ukuphazamiseka okuphawuleka kakhulu kwamabhulokhi athule e-polyurethane ngokuqhathanisa nenguqulo yangaphambilini yizindleko eziphezulu. Kodwa-ke, le nto ibhalwe ngaphezulu ngokuba khona kwezinzuzo eziningi:

• Umsebenzi othulile;
• Ukuziphatha kwemoto emgwaqweni kuya ngokuya kuthamba;
• I-fulcrum ayikhubekile ngokweqile;
• Impilo yokusebenza eyandisiwe (kwesinye isikhathi ifika izikhathi ezi-5, uma iqhathaniswa ne-analogue yenjoloba);
• Inciphisa ukudlidlizela kangcono;
• Ithuthukisa ukuphathwa kwezimoto.

Izizathu zokwehluleka nokuthi yini ewela phansi endaweni ethule

Ngokuyinhloko, insiza yanoma iyiphi ingxenye yemoto ayithintwa yikhwalithi yayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimo zokusebenza. Kwenzeka ukuthi ibhulokhi elithule elisezingeni eliphakeme lingayisebenzisi imithombo yalo emotweni ehamba njalo emgwaqeni onamaqhubu.

Kwesinye isimo, imoto isetshenziswa kakhulu edolobheni, futhi umshayeli ushayela ngokunembile nangokulinganayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngisho nebhulokhi elithule lesabelomali lingachitha insiza ehloniphekile.

Ukwahlukaniswa okuyinhloko kwamabhulokhi athule ukugqashuka noma ukusonteka kwengxenye yenjoloba, ngoba iyisidambisi se-fulcrum. Amandla okusonteka asebenza kuwo kwamanye ama-node. Ukwephuka kwesiqeshana sensimbi akuvamile. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukwephula inqubo yokucindezela.

Ingxenye yenjoloba iguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezimeni ezilandelayo:

• Ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe esikhundleni samabhulokhi athule. Lapho amabhawodi akhokhiswayo eqinisiwe, imoto kufanele ibe semasondweni ayo ngokuqinile futhi ingaboshelwa phezulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingxenye eboshwe ngokungafanele izosonteka ngemuva kokuba umshini wehliselwe phansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, irabha lizophuka ngaphansi komthwalo owengeziwe.
• Ukwephula inqubo yokucindezela. Uma ingxenye ifakiwe nge-offset, umthwalo ngeke usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
• Ukuguga kwemvelo. Abanye abashayeli banaka amabhulokhi athule kuphela uma kunenkinga ngabo, imvamisa idlula impilo yenkonzo esezingeni eliphakeme.
• Ukuchayeka ngolaka kumakhemikhali. Lesi sizathu sibandakanya ama-reagents umgwaqo osakazeke ngawo. Uwoyela wenjini ojwayelekile ubuye aphule injoloba kalula.

Nazi izimpawu onganquma ngazo ukuthi amabhulokhi athule adinga ukushintshwa:

• Imoto ihamba cishe amakhilomitha ayi-100 000 (uma izimo zomgwaqo bezingezinhle, isikhathi sokushintshwa siyancipha - ngemuva kwezinkulungwane ezingaba ngu-50-60);
• Ukuqhuma kuvela, imoto iba engazinzile futhi ingakhululeki ukushayela;
• Iphethini lokunyathela isondo liguga ngokungalingani (kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lokhu kungaba umphumela wokunye ukungasebenzi kahle, okuchazwe ku isihloko esihlukile);
• Ukufakwa kwengalo kulimele.

Ukwenza ukugcinwa kwemoto ngesikhathi esifanele futhi esezingeni eliphakeme, umnikazi wemoto uzokugwema ukungcola okungadingekile ekulungisweni kwezingxenye ezingakafiki.

Ividiyo: "Izinhlobo nokushintshwa kwamabhulokhi athule"

Le vidiyo ixoxa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhulokhi athule kanye nokulandelana kokushintshwa kwawo:

Ukushintshwa kwamabhlogo athule. Izinhlobo zamabhulokhi athule

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kwenzekani uma amabhlogo angashintshiwe? Ngenxa yokuqhuma kwebhulokhi ethule, ingalo elengayo iba yigwegwe. Ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-backlash, isihlalo sokufakwa kwe-hinge siphukile, okuzoholela ekuphukeni kwe-lever yonke.

ЧLenzani ibhulokhi ethule? Okokuqala, lezi zakhi zixhuma izingxenye zokumiswa zemoto. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, ukudlidliza kwenzeka phakathi kwalezi zingxenye. Ibhulokhi ethule ithambisa lokhu kudlidliza.

Kubizelwani i-block ethule? Kusukela ku-silent block yesiNgisi - ifindo elithulile. Kuyinto engahlukaniseki enezihlahla ezimbili ezixhunywe yi-vulcanization.

Zithini izihlahla zengalo zangaphambili? Njengoba kukhona into ethambile (irabha noma i-silicone) ekwakhiweni kwebhulokhi ethule, ithobisa ukudlidliza nokushaqeka okwenzeka kuma-levers ngokuxhuma izingxenye ezimisiwe.