Yini icala lokudlulisa futhi lenzelani

U-gearbox wokudlulisa uyiyunithi ebalulekile efakwe kuma-SUV namaloli athile. Ngenxa yakhe, ama-axles angaphambili nangemuva axhumene nomunye nomunye, okusiza ngokuqinisekile ekunqobeni izithiyo. Okulandelayo, cabangela izici zokuklama, inhloso, ake sithole ukuthi i-dispenser isebenza kanjani.

Liyini icala lokudlulisa imoto

Dlulisa i-gearbox - iyunithi esabalalisa i-torque phakathi kwama-axle okushayela nashayelwa, noma ama-ekseli amaningana. Futhi, i-razdatka ikuvumela ukuthi uvale i-axle eqhutshwayo, unciphise futhi ukwandise isilinganiso segiya, okusho ukuthi inomehluko wayo, ongakhiywa kanzima. Umsebenzi omkhulu wukukhulisa ikhono lokunqamula izwe lemoto lapho ingekho nhlobo imigwaqo. 

Kungani imoto ikhishwe ngesandla 

Icala lokudlulisa libaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle komgwaqo. Ngokuvimba umehluko wesikhungo, uxhuma ama-asi, bese usabalalisa i-torque ngokulinganayo kuma-asi. Ngomthelela omkhulu kumabhuloho, isebenzisa ukhiye ohlukile wokukala. I-razdatka elula isebenza ngendlela yokuthi ukwabiwa kabusha kwemizamo kwenziwa ngokuya ngomgomo "lapho kunomthwalo omningi esondweni". 

Ezimotweni zemidlalo ezinesistimu yamasondo onke, ngaphambili kufakwe ibhokisi lokudlulisa elingenayo i-downshift, elihlanganisa ngokuqinile ama-asi amabili, lisabalalise i-torque 50:50 noma kwenye isilinganiso. Ezimotweni ezinjalo zesimanjemanje, esikhundleni sokudlulisa okwenziwa ngesandla okudala, "ukulingisa" kusetshenziswa ngendlela ye-clutch kagesi, edala ukushelela noma ushintsho olubukhali kumthwalo osemasondweni. Ezimotweni ezinamandla, idrayivu enamasondo amane iyadingeka ukubamba okuphezulu nokusheshisa okusebenzayo, futhi kuphela uma kusetshenziswa i-RCP, i-axle eyodwa inganqanyulwa.

Dlulisa icala ledivayisi

Icala lokudluliswa kwesshift lakudala linezingxenye ezilandelayo:

• umzimba wensimbi onamathele emzimbeni noma ku-subframe ngamakhushini;
• i-drive shaft - idlulisa i-torque isuka ku-gearbox iye kuma-cardan shafts;
• umehluko phakathi, ohambisa i-torque phakathi kwama-ekseli;
• ukukhiya umehluko - ukulungisa i-torque yama-gearbox;
• iketanga noma igiya;
• igumbi lamafutha;
• isondo legiya legiya lokunciphisa kanye ne-synchronizer, evumela ukwenza kusebenze ukunyakaza kwe- "downshift";
• imishini yokulawula (i-levers, i-servo drive, i-hydraulic drive);
• amagiya omgodi wokuhambisa i-torque.

Ibhokisi lokusabalalisa lisebenza kanjena:

• kusuka kubhokisi le-gearbox, i-torque idluliselwa kumgodi wokufaka webhokisi lamagiya asezandleni, bese kuthi kulawo aphakathi nendawo ngenxa yokuzibandakanya njalo kwamagiya amabili;
• igiya, etholakala ku-shaft ye-prom, iyasuswa, ngakho-ke, lapho ihamba, kuvulwa amasondo amane;
• kudonsa amasondo amane.

Izinhlobo zokunikezwa

Ngohlobo lwesicelo, kunezinhlobo ezi-4 zokuhanjiswa ngesandla:

• I-RCP ene-coaxial shafts - uhlelo lusebenza kabanzi, njengoba luvumela ukusetshenziswa kwedrayivu yokugcina eguquguqukayo;
• nge-shaft eshayelwa kabi - ihlukaniswa ngokwethembeka, ukungabikho kwe-prom shaft, ngenxa yalokhu kuhanjiswa kwebhukwana kuhlangene;
• nge-drive lock - enhle kakhulu ekuphumeni komgwaqo, nokho-ke, kuzokhuphuka ukuguga kwamasondo ethrekhi ngenxa yokushelela kolunye uhlangothi lwamasondo lapho ugoqa, ukugwema lokhu, i-axle yangaphambili ivaliwe;
• i-razdatka enomehluko - ivumela amasondo ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile, iqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuhamba emgwaqeni we-asphalt kumodi ye-4WD.

Izinhlobo zezindawo ezihlukile

Ngokwendlela yokukhiya, icala lokudlulisa lihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana:

• I-Haldex friction multi-plate clutch - isebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho elinye lamasondo lishibilika, kulokhu ama-clutches acindezelwe futhi avinjwe ngokwengxenye, ingxenye yesikhathi idluliselwa ku-axle yangemuva noma yangaphambili. Isetshenziswa kuma-SUV namaSUV;
• ukuhlanganisa i-viscous kuwumklamo olula, kodwa onokwethenjelwa, ohlanganisa amadiski amaningana noketshezi lwe-silicone. Ama-disks axhunywe kumabhuloho, ngomehluko ekujikelezeni kwawo, uketshezi luba yi-viscous futhi luxhumanise, idrayivu enamasondo amane ivuliwe. Ububi obuyinhloko ukushisa ngokweqile nokusabela okungalindelekile;
• I-Torsen - esetshenziswa kuma-SUV agcwele, lapho amagiya wezikelemu anesibopho sokuvimba. Zishelela kancane, kepha azihambisi ngaphezu kuka-80% we-torque, zishiya u-20% we-asi edonsayo. 

Dlulisa isilawuli secala

Ngokuxhumeka okuqinile kwebhuloho lesikhathi, njengomthetho, kune-lever enezindlela ezine zokusebenza:

• 2H - shayela i-axle yangaphambili noma yangemuva;
• 4H noma 4WD - wonke-wheel drive;
• N - engathathi hlangothi, esetshenziselwa ukushintshela ku-downshift;
• I-4L iyindlela yokusebenzisa esindayo, lapho kudingeka ukunciphisa i-torque, ukuhlinzeka ngokutholwa okungcono ngamasondo.

Izindlela zeShift ezinedrayivu enamasondo amane unomphela:

• H - ezine-wheel drive, isikhathi isakazwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kuye ngokuthi umthwalo amasondo noma ama-axles;
• I-HL - idrayivu enamasondo amane + ukukhiya okuhlukile kwesikhungo;
• I-L0 noma i-LL - igiya eliphansi elinokuvimbela;
• N - ukungathathi hlangothi.

Kuma-SUV anamuhla, isigwedlo sokulawula sishintshwe nge-washer, futhi i-servo inesibopho sokwenza izindlela zisebenze, futhi iyunithi ehlanganisiwe yokulawula icala lokuhambisa icala isiza ukukhetha imodi oyifunayo, ngokuya ngezici eziningi.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu

Njengoba icala lokudlulisa lifakwa emithwalweni ephezulu ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwezimoto, izinto zazo zingaguga kakhulu uma zinganakekelwa kahle.

Nawa amaphutha amakhulu nezinketho zokuxazulula inkinga:

Ukungasebenzi kahle	Kubonakala kanjani	Ungaxazulula kanjani inkinga
Amagiya alungiswe ngokungafanele, ukuthambisa okuncane, ukugqoka kwamagiya	Kuzwakala ukukhala okuhlukile ngenkathi ushayela ngejubane elikhulu	Buyisela ivolumu kawoyela, lungisa umehluko wangaphambili noma ongemuva
Ukugxila kwecala lokudlulisa kanye nebhokisi kuphazamisekile, ukuqina kwamabhawodi noma ama-flanges wokuhlanganisa, ukuqina okungalungile kwamabhawodi wecala lokudlulisa kanye nokuxhaswa kwebhokisi lamagiya, ukungasebenzi kahle kwejoyini le-cardan, i-shaft yayo ayilinganiswanga, amabhawodi wokuqinisa we-injini akhululiwe, i-front noma i-cardan yangemuva ayilingani, umehluko wesikhungo awulinganisiwe	Lapho imoto ishesha noma iqala ukuhamba, kudlidlizela kuzwakala phansi (kudluliswa kusuka ecaleni lokudlulisa)	Thola ukuthi yisiphi isizathu esisebenza njengamanje; Linganisa izingxenye, lungisa kahle imishini esekelayo, usethe ukusebenza okuvumelanayo kwebhokisi likamagiya nezandla
Ama-satellite ahlukile azungeza ngokuqinile, amagiya aminyene kumehluko ophakathi nendawo, ukubhujiswa kobuso obusebenzayo begiya lamaplanethi umahluko, isitsha sokwehluka sigugile	Umsindo lapho ujika ekhoneni noma lapho isondo lokushayela lizungeza	Shintsha izingxenye ezigugile, hlola igebe legiya
Ukwehluka kugqokiwe noma kulungiswe ngokungalungile ngemuva kokufakwa, ihabhu noma i-clutch yezindlu kuthathiwe, imfoloko noma ukugoba isiqu, isigwedlo secala lokudlulisa likhubazekile noma sithathiwe	Ukukhiya umehluko ngokungafani	Hlola izinga likawoyela, lungisa indlela, shintsha amagiya agugile
Ukusebenza ngamazinyo wokuhlanganisa kanye namagiya, izakhiwo eziphukile noma ezilahlekile zentwasahlobo kuzibopho, izinto zokushayela zikhubazekile noma ziphukile, kuye kwancipha ukuncipha emgodini noma egiyeni lebhokisi, izikhala ezisentabeni yecala lokudlulisa zikhuphukile, ukuhanjiswa kwegiya kwedrayivu kugqokiwe noma ukulungiswa kwalo kuphukile	Kukhona ukuvalwa kwamagiya ngokungafanele	Bheka ukuthi isigwedlo sokushintsha sihlala ezintweni zangaphandle egumbini lomgibeli, xilonga, shintsha amagiya agugile, ulungise kahle indlela
Izimpawu zezimpawu zikawoyela ezigugile nezimpawu	Uwoyela uyavuza	Faka izinto ze-gasket nokufaka uphawu nezimpawu

Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi ukuwohloka okuningi kubangelwa ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokushintsha izinto zokugcoba, kanye nokusetshenziswa okungafanele kwebhokisi likamagiya. Ngaphezu kokulungiswa okuhleliwe, uma kungavela ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ukuqiniswa kwamabhawodi osekelo bese uthatha imoto uye kochwepheshe ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilongwa okuphelele kwemishini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, mayelana nomsebenzi nokungasebenzi kahle kokunikezwa, bheka ividiyo:

Ukwehlukaniswa kwe-Niva Vaz handout 21214.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwekesi lokudlulisa no gearbox? U-gearbox ufakwe kuzo zonke izimoto. I-razdatka ifakwe kuphela ezimotweni ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ukuze kusatshalaliswe iyunifomu ye-traction eduze kwama-axles.

Uyini umsebenzi webhokisi lokudlulisa? Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-all-wheel drive, ikesi lokudlulisa lisabalalisa i-torque kuma-axles futhi liyakwandisa ukuze linqobe izimo ezingekho emgwaqeni.

Likuphi ibhokisi lokudlulisa? Ibhokisi lokudlulisa lifakwa ngemuva kuka-gearbox. I-shaft iphuma kuyo, iya ku-axle yokushayela eyengeziwe. Ikesi lokudlulisa ngosizo lwe-downshift liyakwazi ukukhulisa ukudonsa ku-axle.

Hlobo luni lwamafutha okufanele ugcwalise ikesi lokudlulisa? Kuya ohlotsheni lokudlulisela. Ukuguqulwa kwemishini kusebenzisa uwoyela wegiya. Uma i-othomathikhi ifakiwe, khona-ke i-ATF ithululelwa ecaleni lokudlulisa.