Inzwa yezinga lamafutha: idivayisi, inqubo yokusebenza, izinhlobo, imidwebo

Yonke i-ICE yemoto idinga ukupholisa nekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izimoto ezinezinjini ezine-stroke zinohlelo lokuthambisa lapho kuthululwa khona uwoyela wenjini. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zazo: isigaxa esomile noma isigaxa esimanzi. Kusetshenziswa uhlelo olufanayo uma iyunithi liyi-valve noma i-4-stroke (umahluko phakathi kokuguqulwa okunjalo nokushaywa unhlangothi okubili, funda lapha).

Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezinhlobo zezinhlelo zokuthambisa ichaziwe kokunye ukubuyekeza... Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uwoyela wenjini ohlelweni uba mncane, yingakho, ezingeni elingaphansi kwesilinganiso esiphansi, amandla kagesi aqala ukubulawa indlala kawoyela, futhi kwezinye izimo i-elekthronikhi icindezela injini yomlilo yangaphakathi futhi ayivumeli ukuthi iqale .

Ukuhlola izinga lokugcoba, umshayeli usebenzisa i-dipstick ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho umenzi akhombisa khona ubuncane namanani aphezulu. Amafutha kufanele abe phakathi kwalezi zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, izimoto eziningi zesimanje azihlinzeki ngesheke elinjalo - ayikho idiploma enqoleni nhlobo.

Esikhundleni se-dipstick ejwayelekile, umjovo uzohlonyiswa ngesilinganisi se-elekthronikhi. Kulokhu, iyunithi yokulawula elektroniki ilawula ukusebenza kwenjini futhi yazisa umshayeli nganoma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle, kufaka phakathi isimo sohlelo lokuthambisa lolu phiko.

Ezimotweni ezinjalo, ideshibhodi inenkomba ehlukile ekhombisa ukungalingani ezingeni likawoyela. Le nkomba ibangelwa izinkomba zenzwa kawoyela. Ake sihlolisise le divayisi, inqubo yokusebenza nezinhlobo zezinzwa ezithulile.

Yini inzwa yezinga lamafutha emoto

Inzwa yegama uqobo ikhomba ukuthi le yinzwa kagesi ekuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi angakanani uwoyela osemthonjeni wenjini (sump). Ngokuya ngomklamo, idivayisi izoba nomdwebo wiring ngamunye.

Injini efakwe inzwa yezinga likawoyela izoba nomgodi ohambelanayo engxenyeni engezansi yekhredithi, lapho kuzofakwa khona le divayisi. Ezimweni eziningi, kuzoba phakathi kwesihlungi nepani. Ngaphezu kwenjini, u-gearbox ungathola futhi inzwa efanayo. Inzwa enomgomo ofanayo wokusebenza ingahlonyelwa i-generator kagesi noma enye into eyisebenzisayo esebenzisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi eyi-4-stroke.

Idivayisi

Inzwa kawoyela ingaba nedivayisi ehlukile ngokuya ngomgomo wokusebenza nemisebenzi eyengeziwe engayenza. Izinto eziningi zesimanje zohlobo lwe-elekthronikhi. Ukuxhumeka kwabo futhi kuya ngesimiso abazosebenza ngaso.

Inzwa elula kunazo zonke ixhunywe ekunikezelweni kwamandla ebhodini. Lapho icindezelwa, ukuthintana kokukhanya kuvaliwe, okuzokhombisa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa izinga ku-pallet. Ngokuqondene nokuguqulwa kwe-elekthronikhi, inqubo yabo yokusebenza yehliselwe ekusebenzeni kwama-algorithms ahambisanayo ahlelwe ku-microprocessor.

Lapho ifoni ivuselelwa, amasiginali ahambisanayo akhiqizwa kusifunda sikagesi. Baya ophikweni lokulawula. I-ECU inquma ukuthi isiphi isignali esidinga ukukhishwa kucocekile. Kwezinye izimoto, isignali ye-acoustic noma i-graphic iyasebenza ngokubambisana nenkomba ekhanyisiwe.

Isithombe sikhombisa isigaba esiphambene senzwa:

A) izinga eliphansi lamafutha; B) izinga eliphakeme lamafutha; 1) oxhumana naye kazibuthe; 2) iflothi elinomazibuthe; 3) umzimba; 4) isixhumi sezintambo.

Idivayisi yenzwa elula (uhlobo lwe-float) ifaka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Imininingwane kazibuthe (switch yomhlanga)... Lesi sici siphendula ngokuhamba kwe-float kazibuthe. Lapho uzibuthe usensimini yokusebenza koxhumana naye, isekethe liyavalwa futhi isibonakaliso esikudeshibhodi siyakhanya.
• I-Float... Le nto itholakala ngaphezulu komzimba. Lapho inzwa isoketshezi, indawo eminyene ihambisa iflothi futhi ihlale iphezulu kukawoyela. Iflothi liqukethe uzibuthe waphakade. Ushintsho ezingeni ethangini lubangela ukuthi i-float ihambe. Lapho yehlela kunani eliphansi, oxhumana naye weswidi uyavala.
• Izindlu... Leli yishubhu elide elingenalutho, ngaphakathi okuyiswishi yomhlanga uqobo nengxenye yayo kagesi (izinsimbi ezifuthwe ngci izinduku ezinomuntu oxhumana naye ngekhefu). Ngaphandle komzimba, iflothi elinomazibuthe, elenziwe ngendlela yendandatho, liyahamba.
• Isixhumi sikagesi... Esifundeni esilula kunazo zonke, inzwa inikwe amandla ibhethri, futhi ukukhanya kwesiginali kuxhunywe ngochungechunge kuyo.

Lo mklamo ungasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela kumathangi kawoyela. Ithangi legesi noma uhlelo lokupholisa lungathola inzwa efanayo. Ezimweni eziningi, ifoni ifakwa kusetshenziswa ukuxhumana okuhlanganisiwe (kufakwe ethangini uqobo: ibhlokhi yenjini, ithangi likaphethiloli, izindlu zebhokisi lamagiya, njll.).

Isebenza kanjani inzwa yezinga lamafutha?

Isimiso sokusebenza esilula kakhulu sinezinzwa zohlobo lokuntanta. Lapho izinga lokugcoba noma okunye uketshezi olubhekiwe lwehla, isifunda siyavalwa (kwezinye izimo, kuvuleka ngokuphambene nalokho) futhi i-alamu iyaqala.

Ukulinganiswa kwedivayisi akufanele kwenziwe ngenjini ebandayo. Kuleli qophelo, izinga likawoyela ngokuvamile lizoba likhulu noma libe semikhawulweni eyamukelekayo. Lapho injini iqala, amanye amafutha azophela.

Kulokhu kuguqulwa, othintana naye womhlanga uvala ezingeni eliphezulu, futhi kuvuleke okungenani

Lapho ukuthungela kusebenza kwenziwa, isekethe kagesi liyavalwa, futhi isignali ehambelana nayo ithunyelwa kudluliswa. Ngenxa yokuthi i-float ihlala iphezulu, kukhona ukulawula okungaphazanyiswa kwamazinga. Lapho nje uketshezi selukhiqiziwe, noma lapho kuvuza khona, iflothi iyehla kancane bese uzibuthe uyeka ukusebenza koxhumana nabo bemishini yomhlanga (noma okuphambene nalokho, uvala oxhumana naye). Isifunda sivaliwe / sivuliwe. Ukudluliswa kuphendula ngokungabikho noma kokunikezwa kwamandla bese kuvala isifunda sesibani sesiginali.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izimoto zesimanje zifakwe izinzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, ezingasekho ezomshini, kodwa ezikagesi. Ngokuya ngohlobo, lawa madivayisi angenza eminye imisebenzi, hhayi nje ukuqapha izinga le-oyili.

Kumklamo olula, inzwa isebenza kuphela isibani sesiginali. Ngasikhathi sinye, umshayeli akalutholi ulwazi olusesikhathini: uthola kuphela lapho izinga lehle laba ubuncane. Izinzwa ezithuthuke ngokwengeziwe zikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ikhwalithi kawoyela, ingcindezi kanye nokushisa kwawo. Ngokuya ngamasignali atholwe kusuka enzwa, umyalezo okhethekile ungakhonjiswa kudeshibhodi.

Nayi itafula elincane lokubonisa kwezinye izimoto:

Isithonjana:	Isiginali:	Izizathu:	Ungayilungisa kanjani:
Amafutha aphuzi angakwazi	Kuvutha njalo	Izinga lika-oyela lehle laba ubuncane	Injini iyacisha, uma kune-dipstick, kuhlolwa izinga lokugcoba. Uma ingekho idiploma, engeza uwoyela omncane entanyeni yokugcwalisa bese uya esiteshini sesevisi, uma isiginali inganyamalali
Umaki wesibabazo ngesikali nomcibisholo (noma oiler obomvu)	Kuvutha njalo	Ukucindezelwa kukawoyela akufani nepharamitha ehleliwe	Iya esiteshini sezinsizakalo ngokushesha. Ngenkathi yokunyakaza, ungalethi injini yangaphakathi yomlilo kuma-revs aphakeme.
I-buttercup ebomvu	Ukucwayiza	Ingcindezi ephansi kakhulu ohlelweni lokuthambisa	Misa injini ngokushesha bese ulinganisa ileveli yokugcoba enjinini (uma ifakwe i-dipstick). Uma, lapho izinga ligcwaliswa futhi, ilambu liyaqhubeka nokukhanya, shayela iloli elidonsayo bese udonsela imoto kusevisi
Amafutha aphuzi angakwazi	Ukucwayiza	Kuvele ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lokugcotshwa kwenjini, isibonelo, inzwa ayilungile	Xhumana nensizakalo yemoto. Miselela inzwa.

Ezinye izinhlobo zemoto zinokucoceka okukhombisa ngokusobala imingcele yezinga lamafutha. Kulokhu, udinga ukubona ukuthi umlingiswa ngamunye unaliphi inani. Imvamisa izimpawu ezimbili zesikhungo zizokhombisa okujwayelekile nangaphansi kwesilinganiso. Izimpawu ezingenhla nezingezansi zikhombisa, ngokulandelana, amanani aphezulu nobuncane ayedlulwa.

Imisebenzi yezinga le-oyela

Ngokuya ngomklamo, ukuguqulwa kanye nokujikeleza kagesi kwedivayisi, inzwa ingalinganisa hhayi kuphela izinga loketshezi oluthambisa. Ngakho-ke, imoto evela ebangeni lemodeli le-BMW ingahlonywa nge-level and condition sensor ye-lubricant yenjini. Ngaphezu kokuqapha inani lamafutha, le divayisi ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi idinga ukuguqulwa nini.

Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zikhomba isidingo sokugcinwa kohlelo lokuthambisa ngokususelwa kumamayela, kepha lokhu akuyona incazelo enembile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isizathu ukuthi imoto ingashayela izinkulungwane eziyi-15 emgwaqeni omkhulu, kepha uwoyela usazolungela ukusebenza, ngoba injini ihamba kahle ngaphandle kokulayisha ngokweqile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imoto esebenza e-megalopolis ivamise ukuba seziminyaminya nakuma-tidbits. Ukuhamba okunjalo kungenzeka kungadluli ibanga elibekiwe, futhi uwoyela kuzodingeka ukuthi ushintshwe, ngoba injini isebenza, futhi imoto ayihambi kakhulu. Lo mqondo ubizwa ngokuthi amahora wenjini. Leli gama lichazwe ngokuningiliziwe. kwesinye isihloko.

Izinzwa eziqapha isimo sikawoyela, uma inkomba ingafani, zizokhipha i-alamu ezokhonjiswa kudeshibhodi. Okunye ukuguqulwa nakho kuyakwazi ukukala ingcindezi ohlelweni lokugcotshwa kwenjini, okuzophinde kukhonjiswe kucocekile nge-oiler ekhanyayo.

Omunye umsebenzi onezinzwa ezithile zikawoyela ukukala izinga lokushisa koketshezi oluthambisa. Lawa madivayisi avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-sump ezomile. Basebenzisa irediyetha ngayinye ukupholisa uwoyela emazingeni okushisa adingekayo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwenzwa

Uma sihlukanisa zonke izinzwa zikawoyela ngezigaba eziyinhloko ngokuya kokuphepha kwazo, khona-ke kuzoba ezintathu zazo: ukungena kwamanzi, ukungabi nothuli, ubufakazi bokuqhuma. Ngokuqondene nokuhlukaniswa ukumelana nomshini, wonke amadivayisi ahlukaniswe waba yizinhlobo ezingamelana nokudlidlizela nokungazwakali.

Ezingxenyeni ezifakwe ngenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo, kungaba yimoto, ugandaganda ohamba ngemuva noma okhiqiza igesi, izinzwa zohlobo olulandelayo zingasetshenziswa:

1. Iflothi;
2. Ithempelesha;
3. I-Ultrasonic

Ukuguqulwa ngakunye okunehlu kunedivayisi ngayinye nesikimu somsebenzi. Indawo kulawa madivayisi ngokufanayo iyafana - engxenyeni engenhla yesump, kepha kukhona nezinketho ezifakiwe eduze kwesihlungi samafutha. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ngokwehlukana.

Okuningi ngenzwa yeflothi

Lolu hlobo lulula kunazo zonke hhayi kuphela kudivayisi, kodwa futhi kumgomo wokusebenza. Idizayini yayo ibuyekezwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Iflothi lilungiswe ngokukhululekile kubhubhu elime mpo lapho kutholakala khona inkinobho yomhlanga. Kulokhu, uwoyela uzoshayela le nto phezulu / phansi, ngenxa yokuthi oxhumana naye olawulwa ngozibuthe uvala noma avule.

Kuzinguquko eziningi, idivayisi isebenza ngokulandelayo. Uma nje iflothi lisezingeni elanele kusukela koxhumana naye wezinzwa, isifunda sivulekile. Ngokushesha nje lapho inani lamafutha liba lincane, uzibuthe wehla bese uqala ukusebenza koxhumana naye, uvale isekethe kagesi. Iyunithi yokulawula ithola lesi siginali futhi isebenzise ithini lokunisela kucocekile.

A) efakwe endaweni eqondile; B) efakwe endaweni evundlile.

Ubuhle benzwa yemishini ukuthi kuyaqabukela kwehluleka. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ubumbano lwethubhu luphukile, lapho uzibuthe ulahlekelwa yimpahla yawo (idonswe ngamandla), ikhefu lezintambo noma ukwephuka koxhumana naye olawulwa uzibuthe kwenzeka. Imbangela enkulu yokuwohloka okuningi ukushukunyiswa kwemoto.

Izinzwa ze-float nazo zinezinkinga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, azibonisi inani langempela lamafutha, kepha zivula kuphela lapho ileveli yehlela kunani elibucayi. Okwesibili, okufakwa kusuka kumafutha amadala kunganqwabelana ebusweni beshubhu, okungenza kube nzima ukuthi iflothi lihambe.

Inkinga efanayo ingavela ngeflat uqobo. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lediphozi, iflothi kungenzeka lingabi ngaphezulu kwento elinganisiwe, kepha icwiliswe kancane kuyo, nayo ehlanekezela izilinganiso. Kulokhu, isibani singakhanya noma ngabe izinga lokugcoba lamukelekile.

Abanye abanikazi bezimoto abangenazo izinzwa ezinjalo bathuthukisa izimoto zabo ngokufaka okokulinganisa okuzenzela. Eqinisweni, kuzoba yithuluzi elihlanganiswe kusuka kumamodeli ezinye izimoto. Ukufaka inzwa eyenziwe ekhaya, udinga ukwenza umgodi ohambisanayo ku-pallet, ushise umuthi ngentambo efanelekile kule ndawo bese ufaka idivaysi kwenye imoto.

Kodwa-ke, ukuze inzwa ikhombise ileveli ebucayi yangempela, udinga ukulungisa ukuphakama okuphezulu nobuncane bokuntanta.

Okuningi mayelana nezinzwa zokushisa

Lokhu kuguqulwa kunesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Izinzwa ezinjalo ngasikhathi sinye zenza imisebenzi emibili ngasikhathi sinye: zikala izinga kanye nokushisa kwe-lubricant. Zifunwa kakhulu, ngoba kulula ukuzenza futhi zisebenze ngokuthembeka esikhathini eside. Idivayisi ifaka phakathi intambo nento yokufudumeza, ebiyelwe endlini.

Izinzwa ezishisayo zizosebenza ngokuya ngalesi simiso esilandelayo. Lapho isandla somshayeli senza kuqale ukuthungela (kuvula ukhiye kukhiye wokushisa), amandla kagesi asetshenziswa ocingweni. Uyashisa. Uwoyela okulesi sici uqala kuwo ukupholisa. I-ECU iphendula ngesilinganiso sokupholisa futhi inquma izinga likawoyela ngokuya ngalokhu (lapho ukupholisa kwenzeka ngokushesha, uwoyela omningi usechibini). Yonke inqubo (ukufudumeza nokupholisa) yenzeka ngamamilisekondi amancane.

Emkhakheni wezinzwa zokushisa ezingeni likawoyela, kukhona nozakwabo we-electrothermal. Zicishe zifane ngokwakhiwa nezinzwa ezivamile. Zisebenza ngokomthetho ofanayo: ukufudumeza nokupholisa ucingo emafutheni.

Okuhlukile kuyindlela yokubala. Idivayisi inento ebucayi, ukumelana kwayo okunquma izinga liketshezi esampeni. Ngakho-ke, lapho uwoyela ungaphezulu ethangini, inzwa iyojula ngokwengeziwe kuyo, futhi ukumelana kwayo kuzoba phansi.

Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kwehluleka hhayi kuphela ngokugqoka kwezingxenye eziyinhloko, kodwa futhi nokubonakala kobunzima ngokushisa ucingo, ukwakheka kokugqwala entweni ebucayi nokubekwa kwamafutha kuwo. Lawa madivayisi awalungiswa - kuphela afakwa amanye. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, intengo yenzwa enjalo ngeke ibe phezulu kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ezinjalo zabahloli ziyadingeka ngenxa yobulula bomklamo wazo kanye namandla okurekhoda izinguquko ezahlukahlukene kumthamo kawoyela. Idivayisi inquma kahle kakhulu inani elivumelekile nelincane lokuthambisa ngokuqhathaniswa nokuguqulwa kwangaphambilini.

Okuningi mayelana nezinzwa ze-ultrasonic

Embonini yesimanje yezimoto, ubuchwepheshe obungenawaya buya ngokuthandwa: ukuqondisa ngaphandle kokuxhumana ngokomzimba nojantshi, i-accelerator kanye ne-brake pedal ngaphandle kwezintambo nezintambo, njll.

Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic zisebenza ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuseduze ne-lubricant. Azidingi ukucwiliswa emafutheni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuvuza kwamafutha kuyakhishwa uma i-gasket ivuza noma umakhenikha engafulathele insimbi ku-crankcase kabi (uma ngabe ifoni ifakwe eduze kwezinga lokuthambisa).

Idivayisi isebenza ngokuya ngohlelo olulandelayo. Inzwa ifakwe phezulu ethangini (inzwa ayicwiliswanga emafutheni). Lapho umshayeli esebenzisa ukuthungela, insimbi iqala ukukhipha amagagasi e-ultrasonic. Isiginali ibonakala ebusweni beketshezi lokuthambisa futhi ithunyelwa kusamukeli senzwa.

Idivayisi iqopha isikhathi esiphakathi kwenhliziyo uqobo nesibonakaliso sesiginali. Lesi sikhathi sihlaziywa yiyunithi yokulawula (ithungelwe isikhathi esinqunyiwe), ngesisekelo lapho kunqunywa khona izinga esampeni (singakanani isikhala samahhala phakathi komamukeli nendawo kawoyela). Lolu hlobo lwenzwa lusetshenziswa emishinini enombukiso wokuqhafaza wenani lamafutha kuhlelo. Ngaphezu kokukala inani lokuthambisa, iningi lalawa madivayisi liyakwazi ukuthola izinga lokushisa kwalo.

Njengoba i-elekthronikhi kuphela ebamba iqhaza esilinganisweni, ikuvumela ukuthi urekhode ngokunemba ngokwengeziwe amanani abucayi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza kwezimoto. Isibonelo, enjinini ebandayo, i-elekthronikhi inganquma ukuthi uwoyela uphakeme kangakanani, kepha ngemuva kokusebenza kwamaminithi ambalwa weyunithi, inani lamafutha lehla kakhulu.

Lokhu kungahunyushwa njengokulahleka kukawoyela. Kepha kuphiko lokulawula, ngokususelwa kudatha eliyitholayo kusuka kwezinye izinzwa, i-algorithm iyasebenza, okukhombisa ukuthi ushintsho olunjalo olungazelelwe lujwayelekile.

Abanye abashayeli bavuselela uhlelo lokuthambisa lwezimoto zabo ngokufaka insimbi engenantambo esikhundleni senzwa ejwayelekile (kufakwa ipulagi endaweni yayo). Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukwenza ezinye zesimanje kokubili uhlelo Lubrication uqobo kanye nokusebenza unit control. Izindleko zenqubo enjalo zingavumeleka uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kahle nokusebenziseka kokusebenzisa inzwa enjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahle kungafaneli imoto ethile.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yezinga lamafutha

Ukulimala kwenzwa yezinga likawoyela akunakwa. Uma umshayeli ephuthelwa yisikhathi lapho ileveli yokugcoba yehlela enanini eliphansi kakhulu, injini izobulawa yindlala kawoyela. Ngaphezu komphumela wawo wokuthambisa, uwoyela wenjini uphinde ususe ukushisa ezingxenyeni zeyunithi ezingathinti ijakhethi yokupholisa.

Uma kungekho ukuthambisa okwanele, umthwalo emotweni uyakhula, ikakhulukazi okushisa (izingxenye zipholile kahle). Lokhu kuthinta kabi impilo yabo yokusebenza. Empilweni, impendulo yabanikazi bezimoto abaningi ikhombisa ukuthi ngisho nezinga eliphansi lokuthambisa alinakubukeleka uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingalethwanga ngejubane elikhulu kuze kushintshwe uwoyela noma kuze kufakwe enye ingxenye yokugcoba.

Amafutha akhanyiswe unomphela angakhanyisa kudeshibhodi kukhombisa ukonakala kwenzwa. Uma i-alamu iqhubeka ngemuva kokufaka phezulu noma ukushintsha ngokuphelele uwoyela, inzwa kufanele ishintshwe. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi lapho i-ECU ithola amasiginali angalungile.

Ngaphezu kokukhanya okuhlala kuvutha kucocekile, isithonjana senjini singakhanyisa noma i-oiler ngezikhathi ezithile ikhanyise futhi icishe ngokucijile. Kulokhu, iyunithi yokulawula ithola idatha engalungile kusuka kunzwa yezinga lokugcoba. I-microprocessor ithola lokhu njengokungasebenzi kahle okukhulu, futhi ingavimba nokusebenza kwenjini.

Uma imoto ingenayo idipiki yokuhlola uwoyela enjinini, ngaphandle kokuxilongwa esiteshini sesevisi, ukuwohloka akunakunqunywa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Abasebenzi besikhungo sesevisi baxhuma isithwebuli semoto futhi bahlolisise yonke imishini. Ngaphezu kwale ndlela, esimweni sezimoto ezithile, ukuzihlola ngokushesha kungenzeka.

Ikhodi yephutha iboniswa kukhompyutha esemgwaqweni yemoto. Ezimweni eziningi, iphutha le-P250E likhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa enjalo (kepha imvamisa lokhu kubhekisa ekuxilongweni okujulile, okwenziwa i-autoscanner ekhethekile). Ukuthola imininingwane yokuthi ungabiza kanjani imenyu yokuxilonga kukhompyutha esemgwaqweni yemoto, kuchazwa kokunye ukubuyekeza.

Inzwa yezinga likawoyela iyeka ukusebenza ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Inani elikhulu lamadiphozi kawoyela aqoqiwe ebusweni bensimbi yokuskena;
• Ukwephula ukwahlukaniswa kwentambo noma ikhefu kulayini;
• I-fuse evuthuziwe (i-pinout izosiza ukuthola into ehambisanayo ebhokisini le-fuse, eliboniswa ikakhulu kwikhava yecala);
• Kumamodeli we-VAG, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa kuhlobene ngqo nokuwohloka komshini wokugcina we-hood.

Kungabonakala, yini i-hood ehlangene nenzwa yezinga lamafutha. Ingqondo yomkhiqizi (kusebenza ezimotweni ezivela emigqeni yezinkampani, okuphathelene nokukhathazeka kwe-VAG) ngokulandelayo. Isifunda se-elekthronikhi sikhishwe ngoshintsho lomkhawulo we-hood. Lapho umshayeli eqaphela ukuthi uwoyela uyakwazi ukukhanyisa kucocekile, ngokwemvelo, uzovula i-hood ukufaka uwoyela, noma okungenani ahlole izinga lalo.

Ukuqala kwale sensor kunikeza isignali kuphiko lokulawula, bathi, umshayeli wenze izinguquko ezidingekayo waya esiteshini sesevisi. Ukubala ngesenzo esinjalo, umenzi wahlela i-ECU ukuthi icishe i-alamu kucocekile ize imoto ihambe amakhilomitha ayi-100 (uma uwoyela ungafakwanga phezulu).

Ukungasebenzi kahle komkhawulo kubhekwa njengokuwohloka kwenzwa kawoyela. Ngalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokufaka inzwa entsha emishinini enjalo, kufanele uqale uhlole ukusebenziseka kweswishi yomkhawulo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, noma inzwa esebenzayo yohlelo lokuthambisa ngeke ibangele ukuthi i-oiler kudeshibhodi iphume.

Ukukhetha inzwa entsha

Ukukhethwa kwedivayisi entsha namuhla kulula kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bakhiqiza inani elikhulu lazo zonke izinhlobo zezingxenye zezimoto zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, ububanzi bezinzwa, kufaka phakathi lezo zokulinganisa izinga, izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kukawoyela enjini, kukhulu kakhulu.

Kungcono ukufaka idizayini eyenzelwe ngqo imodeli ethile yemoto, hhayi ukukhetha ama-analogues. Indlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuthola isilinganisi esifanele ukucinga inombolo ye-VIN yemoto. Lapho le khodi itholakala nokuthi ichazwa kanjani lapha... Isizathu ukuthi imoto ingahle ibe ngeyochungechunge lwetayela lwesizukulwane esehlukile (sokuthi ukubuyisela kabusha kuhluke kanjani ekuphakamiseni ubuso nasekukhululweni kwesizukulwane esilandelayo, funda ngokwehlukana), yingakho ingxenye yezobuchwepheshe yemodeli efanayo, kepha unyaka ohlukile wokwenziwa, ingahluka.

Indlela yesibili yokuthola idivayisi ngenombolo yekhathalogi noma inombolo ekhonjiswe kudivayisi uqobo. Ungathola futhi ingxenye yokuqala eyisipele ngokutshela umthengisi imodeli yemoto, ivolumu yenjini (uyini umehluko phakathi kwenani eliphelele nelisebenzayo lenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo, funda lapha) nalapho imoto iphuma kulayini womhlangano.

Uma kunesifiso sokufaka i-ultrasonic yesimanje esikhundleni sohlobo olujwayelekile lokushisa noma lokuntanta, okokuqala kudingeka ubonane nochwepheshe ngalokhu kungenzeka. Akufanele ufake inguqulo eyenziwe ekhaya, ngoba kungenzeka ingasebenzi kahle noma ingqubuzane ne-electronics yemoto.

Okungcono, kufanele ufike esikhungweni sesevisi ngengxenye yokuqala yokuphumula noma useshe inketho kwikhathalogi yenkampani uma insizakalo yemoto inikezela insizakalo efanayo. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthenga isilinganisi sangempela, khona-ke ungakhetha i-analogue yesabelomali engekho ngaphansi kwekhwalithi kuneyasekuqaleni.

Imikhiqizo enjalo inikezwa yizinkampani ezilandelayo:

• I-German Hella, Metzger, SKV noma i-Hans Pries;
• I-Italian ERA noma Inyama & Doria;
• I-Japanese Denso.

Iningi lama-mechanical (iflothi) nezinzwa ezishisayo zikhona yonke indawo futhi zingafakwa ezimotweni ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuphathelene nezindleko, okwangempela kuzobiza cishe amaphesenti angama-50-60 ngaphezulu kune-analog yesabelomali, noma ngabe ikhwalithi ingeqi kulo.

isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha isimo samafutha ohlelweni lokugcotshwa kwezinjini ezimotweni zesimanje akusiyona inketho eyengeziwe, kepha sekuwumsebenzi obalulekile. Igeji yokulinganisa ye-elekthronikhi yenza kube lula ukuhlola izinga, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, nakwezinye izinguquko ezithile, ikhwalithi kawoyela ku-crankcase.

Ukungasebenzi kwalesi senzwa akuvamile, kepha uma kunesidingo futhi kufiswa ukucwilisa imoto, kuguquka kalula ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini eyengeziwe. Into esemqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi le nto ethile inephutha.

Le vidiyo, isebenzisa i-VAZ 2110 njengesibonelo, ikhombisa ukuthi ungakuthola kuphi lokhu kulinganisa nokuthi ungayifaka kanjani esikhundleni sayo:

Inzwa yezinga lamafutha kunjini ye-VAZ 2110: iyini, ikuphi nokuthi ungayifaka kanjani esikhundleni sayo!

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Inzwa yezinga likawoyela wenjini isebenza kanjani? Le nzwa isebenza ngesimiso se-sonar (i-ultrasound ibonakala ebusweni bamafutha futhi itholwa yidivayisi). Izinga likawoyela linqunywa izinga lapho isignali itholwa khona.

Lithini igama lenzwa yezinga likawoyela? Ochwepheshe bomsakazo babiza i-oil gauge element ngokuthi ukushintsha komhlanga. Kusebenza uzibuthe ongunaphakade. Kuye ngezinga likawoyela, uzibuthe usebenza ekushintshaniseni komhlanga (kukushintsha kwe-float).

Itholakala kuphi inzwa yezinga likawoyela? Njengoba le nzwa kufanele ibone inani lamafutha, kufanele ihlangane ne-lubricant emshinini. Ngakho-ke, ifakwe endaweni yokugcina amafutha.