Kuyini ukumiswa kwemoto?

Ukumiswa kwezimoto kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu chassis, Umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu ukunikeza ukuxhumana okuzinzile nokuphephile phakathi kwendlela, amasondo nomzimba wemoto. Kunemisebenzi emithathu eyenziwa uhlobo ngalunye lokumiswa:

• uxhuma amasondo emzimbeni wemoto;
• idonsa ukudlidlizela okuvela ekusebenzisaneni kwamathayi nendawo yomgwaqo;
• inikeza ukuhamba kwamasondo ahlobene nomzimba wemoto ukuze uhambe ngokushelelayo nangokunethezeka.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zokumiswa

Ukumiswa kwemoto kuwuhlelo oluhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbalwa eziyinhloko. Phakathi kwazo:

• Izakhi eziholayo;
• Izinto ezinwebeka;
• Ama-absorber absorck;
• Ukuqinisa izinduku;
• Izihlanganisi.

Izinto ezihamba phambili noma ezisabalalisa amandla

Lezi zinto zihlinzeka ukuxhumana nokuhanjiswa kwamandla emzimbeni wemoto futhi kunqume ukuhamba kwamasondo ahlobene nomzimba wemoto. Izinto eziholayo zizo zonke izinhlobo zama-levers: longitudinal, transverse, double, njll.

Izinto ezinwebeka

Lezi yizinto ezisebenza njengohlobo lwesiphazamisi phakathi kokungalingani kobuso bomgwaqo lapho imoto ihamba khona nomzimba wemoto. Bangabokuqala ukubona ukungalingani komgwaqo bese bewudlulisela emzimbeni. Izinto ezinwebekayo zokumiswa zifaka iziphethu zekhoyili, iziphethu ze-torsion, iziphethu zamaqabunga, amaphedi nezinye.

Ama-absorber absorck

Inhloso enkulu yezinciphisi ezishaqisayo ukunciphisa ukudlidlizela okubangelwa amasondo axhumene nokungahambi kahle emigwaqweni, ukuhlinzeka abagibeli abasemotweni ngokunethezeka nokwenza ukuhamba nokunyathela amabhuleki kube bushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokudonsa ukushaqeka - uwoyela negesi. Funda ngomehluko wabo esihlokweni esehlukile.

Ukuqinisa izinduku

Ngamafuphi, lezi izingxenye ezinomsebenzi wokuxhuma amasondo amabili emoto ku-ekseli elilodwa. Izinduku zokuzinzisa zifakwa ngezisekelo.

Izihlanganisi

Izinto zokubopha zifaka izinsimbi zensimbi, amabombo we-ball, ama-bushings, njll.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokumiswa

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezindandatho. Cabanga ngezici zalabo abasetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje.

Ukumiswa kokuncika

Kuhlelo lokulengiswa lokuncika, amasondo ezinhlangothini zombili zemoto axhunywe ngogongolo futhi asebenza ndawonye. Imvamisa, lolu hlobo lokumiswa lubandakanya i-ekseli eliqinile eliya kulo lonke ububanzi bohlaka lwemoto. Amasondo amabili axhunywe yile-asi, okusho ukuthi asebenza njengamabili futhi enza ukunyakaza okufanayo.

Ukumiswa okuzimele kuqine ngokweqile, kepha akulungele kakhulu izimoto. Njengomthetho, ukumiswa okunjalo kusetshenziswa emalolini asindayo, ama-SUV agcwele. Izimoto ezinjalo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukushayela unqamula izwe.

Ukumiswa okuzimele

Ezinhlelweni ezinokumiswa okuzimele, alikho i-asi elixhuma amasondo ngababili. Esikhundleni salokho, isondo ngalinye lisabela ngendlela ehlukile kumaqhubu omgwaqo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma isondo elilodwa lishaya isithiyo noma lishaya umgodi, elinye isondo ngeke liphazamiseke.

Ngokungafani nokumiswa okuxhomekile, okunzima kakhulu futhi okungazifanele kakhulu izimo zasemadolobheni, leyo ezimele inikeza induduzo enhle kubagibeli emotweni. Lesi yisona sizathu esikhulu esenza ukuthi izimoto eziningi zesimanje zifakwe ukumiswa okuzimele.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokumiswa okuzimele

UMcFerson

Ingenye yezinhlelo ezivame ukumiswa ezimotweni. Idizayini ye-MacPherson strut ilula kakhulu futhi imvamisa iyinhlanganisela ye-shock absorber nentwasahlobo yekhoyili esebenza ngokuvumelanisa.

Lolu hlobo lokumiswa luqale ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zakwaFord ngeminyaka yo-1950 kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lwaba ngolunye olusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zesimanje. Yize intambo iMacPherson nayo ingafakwa ekumisweni kwangemuva, imvamisa isetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphambili komshini.

IMacPherson Rack System ifanele ukuthandwa yizinzuzo ezifana nokuklama okulula, izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi, insizakalo enhle kakhulu, ivolumu ephansi, nokuningi.

Ukumiswa okwesibili kwamathambo

Isici esikhethekile salolu hlobo lokumiswa ukuthi ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-ekseli kunezingalo ezimbili ezilandelanayo, ezihlanganiswe nezinto ezinqamulelayo zokumiswa nokunwebeka.

Okuhle nge-double-A-arm suspension wukubumbana kwayo nokunethezeka ekunikeza abagibeli emotweni. Ububi bayo ukuthi inesisindo esithe xaxa, okwandisa isisindo semoto. Uma kwenzeka ukungqubuzana nesithiyo, ukunyakaza kwe-longitudinal kungenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lungase luphule.

Ukumiswa kokumiswa kwe-ekseli

Lolu hlobo lokumiswa oluzimele lisebenzisa imiphini emibili yama-asi esikhundleni selinye elizinzile. I-ekseli ngalinye linamathiselwe ku-chassis yi-hinge. Isici salolu hlobo lokumiswa ukuthi uma kwenzeka kuba khona isithiyo, isondo lihlala ligcina isikhundla saso siphambanisa izimbazo. Ukumiswa kwe-axle axing ikakhulukazi kusetshenziselwa ukuphela kwangemuva kwezimoto ezihamba ngamasondo angemuva.

Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lokumiswa ziyi-design elula, izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi nezindleko eziphansi. Okubi kungukudlidliza okukhulu nokuqondisa okungahambi kahle uma isivinini sikhuphuka ngaphezulu kwe-60 km / h.

Ukumiswa kwamaphoyinti amaningi

I-Multi-point suspension iwuhlobo lokumiswa kwemoto enezingalo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu eziseceleni kanye nengalo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu elandela ngemuva. Lolu hlobo lwe-suspension ludume kakhulu njengoba lunikeza ukuqina kwamasondo kanye nokusimama okuhle kwamakhona. I-Multi-point suspension ingafakwa ku-axle yangaphambili, kodwa ivame ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kwemoto.

Isifiso sesibili

Lolu hlobo lokumiswa luhlukaniswe ngama-subtypes ambalwa (intwasahlobo, i-pneumatic, hydropneumatic) ngokuya ngezinto ze-elastic ezisetshenzisiwe. Isici esijwayelekile sawo wonke ama-subtypes kulokhu kumiswa, ukuba khona kwezilebuli zangaphambili, okuthi ezinxenyeni zazo zangaphandle zixhunyaniswe emzimbeni noma ngohlaka lwemoto, kanti ezingaphakathi zixhunywe ngemigoqo.

Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lokumiswa zombili ziyisakhiwo futhi ziyasebenza. Idizayini yayo ihlukile ngoba zonke izinto zayo zinganamatheliswa kuphawundla elikhethekile, elikuvumela ukuthi ususe ngokushesha konke ukumiswa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa.

Inzuzo yokusebenza kwayo ilele eqinisweni lokuthi ivumela i-geometry yayo ukuthi iguqulwe futhi ithuthukiswe. Lolu hlobo lokumiswa lusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zezemidlalo nezomjaho ngoba lunomthelela ekuphatheni kahle kwezimoto.

Izimpawu ezinhlanu sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola ukumiswa kwakho

Ukuqina okwengeziwe ngenkathi ugibele

Uma, ngenkathi ushayela, uqala ukuzwa ukuthi ngama-bump amancane wonke asemgwaqweni kukhona izinto ezethusayo kanzima emzimbeni, lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinkinga ngabangenisi be-shock.

Imoto "idonsa" ejikeni

Ukumiswa akulungile uma uzwa sengathi imoto "iyadonsa" uma ikhona ekhoneni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izixakaxaka zokwethuka ngeke zisakwazi ukugcina ukuqina komzimba wemoto ngesikhathi sokuthwala imithwalo ekhiqizwayo ngesikhathi sokugaya. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa ukulawula nokuqothula.

Okuzenzakalelayo "dive ngekhala"

Lapho ama-absorber absorber ephela, ukufaka amabhuleki kuzomisa umshini ngokuncika kakhulu phambili. Lokhu kuyingozi impela, njengoba ukuzamazama kuyinkimbinkimbi inqubo yokushayela, okungaholela engozini.

Ukugqoka amasondo okungalingani

Uma ubona ukuthi elinye isondo ligqokwe kakhulu kunelinye, lokhu ngokuvamile kuyinkomba yokuthi ukumiswa kwemoto akusebenzi kahle. Kwenzeka futhi lapho ukuqondanisa kwesondo noma ibhalansi yesondo kuphazamiseka.

Amabala kawoyela avela ngaphansi kwemoto

Uma uthola izindawo ezinamafutha ku-asphalt ngaphansi kwemoto yakho, lokhu kungakhombisa ukumiswa okungasebenzi kahle nezinkinga ze-shock absorber. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kungakhethwa ngokuzithandela. Funda ngezinye izimbangela zokuvuza kukawoyela. lapha.

Ungahlola kanjani ukuthi ukumiswa kufanelekile?

Indlela elula kuleli cala kungaba ukuvakashela isikhungo sosizo bese ucela ongoti ukuthi bahlolisise ukumiswa. Kepha isheke elinjalo lingenziwa ngokuzimela.

Ungahlola kanjani ukumiswa kwangaphambili?

Uma uhlola ukumiswa kwangaphambili, kufanele uqale unake ama-anthers kanye nezingxenye zenjoloba. Ezikhathini eziningi, bangabokuqala ukuhluleka. Hlola ngokucophelela izimpawu zenjoloba - akufanele zonakaliswe, zidabuke noma ziguge.

Naka okokufaka okuthusayo lapho ubheka ukuvuza kwamafutha noma ukugqoka. Ukuze uqiniseke ngokuphelele ukuthi azikho izinkinga ngazo, ungazama ukuzamazamisa imoto kancane. Uma, ngemuva kokuyeka ukuyiphusha imoto, iyema ukuqhuqha, kusho ukuthi konke kuhamba ngokuhlelekile nezinciphisi ezishaqisayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, zizodinga ukushintshwa.

Hlola kahle amaraki. Uma sezigugile kakhulu, zizokhula phansi nemoto izocwila, okuwuphawu oluqinisekile lokuthi iziphethu nezidambisi zidinga ukushintshwa.

Ungahlola kanjani ukumiswa kwangemuva?

Njengoba iningi lezinto ligxilwe ekumisweni ngaphambili, ngemuva kulula kakhulu ukuwahlola. Uma imoto ifakwe ukumiswa okuzimele, insiza yayo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kepha kulokhu, ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngokuzimela. Ukugxila okubalulekile kufanele kukhokhwe ezintweni ezisekelayo nezishukumisayo.

Uma ungaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi uyakwazi ukuphatha isheke lokumiswa, kufanelekile ukuxhumana nensizakalo ekhethekile lapho omakhenikha benemishini edingekayo yokuxilonga futhi bangenza ukuxilongwa okugcwele kokumiswa ngaphambili nangemuva, kanye nokushintsha noma yiziphi izinto zabo uma kunesidingo.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kuhlanganisani ukumiswa kwemoto? Iqukethe iziqondiso (ama-levers) kanye nokunwebeka (iziphethu, amabhlokhi athule, ama-shock absorbers, ibha ye-torsion - kuye ngokuthi ukuguqulwa) izakhi, izisekelo, izinsimbi.

Kwenziwani ukumiswa kwemoto? Inhloso yawo wukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwendlela amasondo ami ngayo uma ushayela emigwaqweni engalingani. Futhi, izingxenye zayo zibushelelezi ukushaqeka futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthintana njalo kwamasondo nendawo yomgwaqo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokumiswa ezikhona? Izimoto zesimanje zisebenzisa i-MacPherson strut, i-double wishbone, i-multi-link, i-torsion bar, ingemuva elizimele, ingemuva elizimele, i-De Dion suspension.

I-suspension isebenza kanjani emotweni? Ama-levers abeka isiqondiso esithile sokuhamba okuqondile kwamasondo. Lapho ushaya i-bump, i-shock absorber ithambisa umthelela, futhi isiphethu sicindezela ngokushesha isondo emgwaqeni.