Yini ukuphindaphindeka kokudla kudivayisi yemoto

Ukulungiselela kanye nokushisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yomxube wephethiloli womoya, kanye nokususwa okusebenzayo kwemikhiqizo yomlilo, izimoto zifakwe uhlelo lokudla nolwe-exhaust. Ake sibheke ukuthi kungani udinga inqwaba yokudla, ukuthi iyini, kanye nezinketho zokuyilungisa.

Inhloso yokuphindaphindeka kokudla

Le ngxenye yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa komoya ne-VTS kumasilinda emoto ngenkathi isebenza. Ezingxenyeni zamandla zesimanje kulengxenye kufakwe izinto ezingeziwe:

• Mpintsha valve (air valve);
• Inzwa yomoya;
• Carburetor (e carburetor ukulungiswa);
• Ama-injectors (ngomjovo wezinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo);
• I-turbocharger ene-impeller yayo eqhutshwa ubuningi be-exhaust.

Sinikeza ividiyo emfushane mayelana nezici zalesi sici:

Ukudla okuningi: imibuzo ebuzwa njalo

Idizayini yokuqamba nokwakhiwa okuningi

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwezimoto ukwakheka komqoqi. Kwethulwa ngendlela yochungechunge lwamapayipi axhunywe kwipayipi legatsha elilodwa. Isihlungi somoya sifakwa ekugcineni kwepayipi.

Isibalo sompompi ngakolunye uhlangothi sincike kwinani lamasilinda emotweni. Ukuphindaphindwa kokudla kuxhunywe kumshini wokusabalalisa igesi endaweni yama-valve wokudla. Okunye okungahambi kahle kwe-VC ukuncipha kukaphethiloli ezindongeni zayo. Ukuvikela lo mphumela wokuphendula nge-electrostatic, onjiniyela benze umumo wepayipi odala uthuthuva ngaphakathi kolayini. Ngalesi sizathu, ingaphakathi lamapayipi lishiywa ngamabomu lilukhuni.

Ukuma kwamapayipi amaningi kufanele kube nemingcele ethile. Okokuqala, ipheshana akufanele libe namakhona acijile. Ngenxa yalokhu, uphethiloli uzohlala ebusweni bamapayipi, azovala umgodi futhi ashintshe nemingcele yokuphakelwa komoya.

Okwesibili, inkinga ejwayelekile yokutholwa kokudla onjiniyela abaqhubeka nokulwa nayo umphumela weHelmholtz. Lapho kuvuleka i-valve yokungenisa, umoya ugijimela ngasosilinda. Ngemuva kokuvalwa kwayo, ukugeleza kuyaqhubeka nokuhamba nge-inertia, bese kubuya ngokungazelelwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwenziwa ingcindezi yokumelana, ephazamisa ukuhamba kwengxenye elandelayo kumbhobho wesibili.

Lezi zizathu ezimbili ziphoqa abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi bathuthukise ama-manifolds angcono ahlinzeka ngohlelo lokushelela olushelelayo.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Eziningi zokudonsa zisebenza ngendlela elula kakhulu. Lapho injini iqala, i-valve yomoya iyavuleka. Ngenkathi yokuhambisa i-piston iye esikhungweni esiphansi esifile lapho kunxenxwa khona, kudalulwa isikhala emgodini. Ngokushesha nje lapho i-valve yokungena ivula, ingxenye yomoya ihamba ngejubane elikhulu ingene emgodini ongasasebenzi.

Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokudonsa, izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zenzeka ngokuya ngohlobo lwesistimu kaphethiloli:

• Umjovo weMono - ingxenye elandelayo yomoya inikezwa kusihlungi. Ihamba nge-carburetor noma umgodi lapho kufakwa khona i-injector fuel (uma injini ifakwe imoto yomjovo). Kule ndawo, umoya uxubene nophethiloli. Ngenxa yokuvuleka kusilinda, le ngxenye imunzwa nge-valve ephakanyisiwe yohlelo lokudla;
• Umjovo wamaphoyinti amaningi - Ama-injektha womuntu ngamunye atholakala kupayipi ngalinye eliphindaphindwayo. Lapho i-valve ehambisanayo ivula, kuhlinzekwa umoya ngepayipi elifanele yona. Ngasikhathi sinye, uphethiloli une-athomu.
• Umjovo oqondile - kungeniswa umoya kuphela. I-valve yehlisiwe, i-piston icindezela umoya ku-cylinder. Ekupheleni kwesifo sokucinana, uphethiloli unikezwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi kulowo ocindezelweyo ngokusebenzisa i-injector. Ezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi zikadizili, kwenzeka inqubo efanayo, kuphela umoya ocindezelwe kakhulu.

Zonke izinjini zesimanje zifakwe uhlelo lobuchwepheshe olulawula ukunikezwa komoya nophethiloli. Lokhu kwenza imoto izinze kakhudlwana. Ubukhulu bemibhobho buhambisana nemingcele yemoto ngisho nasesigabeni sokukhiqiza iyunithi yamandla kagesi.

Isimo esinqunyiwe

Lesi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu, esinikezwa ukubaluleka okubalulekile ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokudla lokuguqulwa okuhlukile kwenjini. Amapayipi kufanele abe nesigaba esithile, ubude nokuma. Ukuba khona kwamakhona abukhali, kanye nama-curvature anzima, akuvunyelwe.

Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani kunakwa kakhulu amapayipi amaningi okudla:

1. Amafutha angahlala ezindongeni zendlela yokudla;
2. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla, i-Helmholtz resonance ingavela;
3. Ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle, kusetshenziswa izinqubo zomzimba zemvelo, njengengcindezi edalwa ukugeleza komoya ngokuningana kokudla.

Uma uphethiloli uhlala uhlala ezindongeni zamapayipi, lokhu kungadala ukuncipha kwepheshana lokungenisa, kanye nokuvaleka kwalo, okuzothinta kabi ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla.

Ngokuqondene ne-Helmholtz resonance, lokhu kuyikhanda elidala labaklami abaklama amayunithi wamandla wamanje. Ingqikithi yalo mphumela ukuthi lapho kuvalwa i-valve yokudla, kwenziwa ingcindezi eqinile, edonsa umoya uphume ezininginingi. Lapho ivalve yokungena ivulwa kabusha, ingcindezi yangemuva idala ukuthi ukugeleza kushayisane nengcindezi yokubala. Ngenxa yalo mphumela, izici zobuchwepheshe zesistimu yokungenisa imoto ziyancipha, futhi ukugqoka kwezingxenye zesistimu nakho kuyanda.

Izinhlelo zokuguqula ezininginingi

Imishini emidala inokuphindaphindeka okujwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, inokubuyela emuva okukodwa - ukusebenza kwayo kahle kutholakala kuphela kwimodi yokusebenza yenjini elinganiselwe. Ukukhulisa ibanga, uhlelo olusha lwakhiwe - i-Variable Header Geometry. Kukhona ukuguqulwa okubili - ubude bendlela noma isigaba sayo siyashintshwa.

Ukuphindaphindeka kokudla okuhlukahlukene

Lokhu kuguqulwa kusetshenziswa ezinjinini zomkhathi. Ngejubane le-crankshaft eliphansi, indlela yokudla kufanele ibe yinde. Lokhu kwandisa impendulo ye-throttle ne-torque. Ngokushesha nje lapho ama-revs enyuka, ubude bawo kufanele banciphiswe ukuveza amandla aphelele enhliziyo yemoto.

Ukufeza lo mphumela, i-valve ekhethekile isetshenzisiwe, enquma umkhono omningi ophindaphindiwe kusuka komncane futhi ngokufanayo. Inqubo ilawulwa ngumthetho wemvelo wemvelo. Ngemuva kokuthi ivalve yokungenisa ivaliwe, ngokuya ngemvamisa yokugeleza kokugeleza komoya (lokhu kuthonywe inani lezinguquko ze-crankshaft), ingcindezi iyakhiwa, eshayela i-flap yokuvala.

Lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa kuphela ezinjinini ezisemkhathini, ngoba umoya uphoqelelwa ungene kumayunithi turbocharged. Inqubo kuzo ilawulwa yi-elekthronikhi yeyunithi yokulawula.

Umkhiqizi ngamunye ubiza lolu hlelo ngendlela yakhe: iBMW ineDIVA, iFord ineDSI, iMazda ineVRIS.

Ukuphindaphindeka kokudla okuhlukahlukene

Ngokuqondene nalokhu kuguqulwa, ingasetshenziswa zombili ezinjini zasemkhathini nezine-turbocharged. Lapho isigaba sepayipi legatsha sincipha, isivinini somoya siyakhula. Endaweni efiselekayo, lokhu kudala umphumela we-turbocharger, nasezinhlelweni zomoya eziphoqelelwe, intuthuko yenza kube lula nge-turbocharger.

Ngenxa yesilinganiso sokugeleza okuphezulu, ingxube yephethiloli yomoya ixubeke kahle, okuholela ekuvuthweni kwayo kwekhwalithi ephezulu kumasilinda.

Abaqoqi balolu hlobo banesakhiwo sokuqala. Emnyango wesilinda kuneziteshi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, kepha ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili - eyodwa ye-valve ngayinye. Elinye lamavalvu line-damper elawulwa yi-electronics yemoto isebenzisa i-motor (noma i-vacuum regulator isetshenziswa esikhundleni sayo).

Ngejubane le-crankshaft eliphansi, i-BTC ifakwa ngomgodi owodwa - kusebenza i-valve eyodwa. Lokhu kudala indawo yesiyaluyalu, esenza ngcono ukuxubana kukaphethiloli nomoya, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla omlilo asezingeni eliphakeme.

Lapho nje isivinini senjini sikhuphuka, kuvuleka umzila wesibili. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kwamandla weyunithi. Njengasendabeni yokuhlukahluka kobude obuhlukahlukene, abakhiqizi balesi simiso banikeza amagama abo. IFord ikhombisa i-IMRC ne-CMCV, i-Opel - Twin Port, iToyota - VIS.

Ngeminye imininingwane yokuthi abaqoqi abanjalo bawathinta kanjani amandla kagesi, bona ividiyo:

Khulisa amandla enjini ngaphandle kwe-turbine! Konke mayelana nomqoqi wejometri oguqukayo.

Ukuthola ukungasebenzi kahle okuningi

Amaphutha avame kakhulu ohlelweni lokudla yilawa:

• Ukwephulwa kokuqina endaweni yokufaka yama-gaskets;
• Ukwakheka komsizi netiyela ezindongeni zangaphakathi;
• Ukwakheka kwesinyathelo ezindaweni zokuxhuma (isithiyo esingu-2 mm sanele amandla enjini ukwehla cishe ngamaphesenti angamashumi amabili, kepha lokhu kusezingeni eliphansi kuphela);
• Ukushisa ngokweqile kusuka ekusondeleni kuya kokuphindaphindiwe kokukhipha.

Ngokuvamile, ama-gaskets alahlekelwa yimpahla yawo lapho imoto ishisa kakhulu noma lapho izikhonkwane zokubopha zixegiswa.

Ake sicabangele ukuthi kutholakala kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla nokuthi kuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwemoto.

Ukuvuza okupholile

Lapho umshayeli ebona ukuthi inani le-antifreeze lincipha kancane kancane, ngenkathi ushayela, kuzwakala iphunga elingemnandi lesipholisi esivuthayo, futhi amathonsi e-antifreeze amasha ahlala njalo ngaphansi kwemoto, lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuphindaphindeka kokudla okungalungile. Ukunemba kakhudlwana, hhayi umqokeleli uqobo, kepha i-gasket efakwe phakathi kwamapayipi ayo nekhanda lesilinda.

Kwezinye izinjini, kusetshenziswa ama-gaskets aqinisekisa nokuqina kwejakhethi yokupholisa injini. Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo akunakushaywa indiva, ngoba ngemuva kwalokho kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu kweyunithi.

Ukuvuza komoya

Lesi ngesinye isibonakaliso se-gasket eningi yokudla okugugile. Ungayixilonga ngale ndlela elandelayo. Injini iyaqala, ipayipi legatsha lokuhlunga lomoya livinjelwe ngamaphesenti angama-5-10. Uma ukuvukela kungawi, kusho ukuthi okuphindaphindwayo kumunca umoya ngegasket.

Ukwephulwa komshini ohlelweni lokungenisa injini kubangela isivinini sokungasebenzi okungazinzile noma ukwehluleka okuphelele kwento yokusebenza kwamandla. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuqeda ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo ukufaka i-gasket esikhundleni.

Ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, ukuvuza komoya kungenzeka ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwamapayipi (amapayipi) amaningi okudla. isibonelo, kungaba ukuqhekeka. Umphumela ofanayo wenzeka lapho kuqhekeka ifomu ku-hose vacuum. Kulokhu, lezi zingxenye zithathelwa indawo ngezintsha.

Ngisho nangaphansi kakhulu, ukuvuza komoya kungenzeka ngenxa yokuguquguquka kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla. Le ngxenye idinga ukuguqulwa. Kwezinye izimo, kutholakala i-vacuum evulekile ngezici eziningi ezikhubazekile lapho kutholwa i-hiss evela ngaphansi kwe-hood ngenkathi injini isebenza.

Amakhabhoni

Imvamisa, ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kwenzeka kumayunithi we-turbocharged. Imali ekhishwa yiCarbon ingadala ukuthi injini ilahlekelwe amandla, icishe umlilo futhi inyuse uphethiloli.

Esinye isibonakaliso salokhu kungasebenzi ukulahleka kwe-traction. Kuya ngezinga lokuvaleka kwamapayipi okudla. Kususwa ngokuqaqa nokuhlanza umqokeleli. Kepha kuya ngohlobo lokuphindaphindeka, kulula ukukufaka esikhundleni sokulihlanza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, kwezinye izimo, ukwakheka kwemibhobho akuvumeli ukususwa okufanelekile kokufakwa kwemali kwekhabhoni.

Izinkinga ngama-valve wokushintsha wejometri

Ama-damper omoya amaningi kwezinye izimoto anikwe amandla yi-vacuum regulator, kanti kwezinye aqhutshwa ngogesi. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi hlobo luni lwama-dampers asetshenziswayo, izakhi zenjoloba ezikubo ziyawohloka, lapho abenzi be-dampers beyeka ukubhekana nomsebenzi wabo.

Uma i-damper drive is vacuum, ungabheka ukusebenza kwayo usebenzisa ipompo ye-vacuum manual. Uma leli thuluzi lingatholakali, umjovo ojwayelekile uzokwenza. Lapho kutholakala i-vacuum drive, kufanele ifakwe enye esikhundleni sayo.

Okunye ukungasebenzi kahle kwedamper drive ukwehluleka kwama-vacuum control solenoids (solenoid valves). Ezinjini ezihlonyiswe ngokuphindaphindiwe kwe-geometry intake, kungahle kwenzeke ukuphuka kwe-valve, elawula ngokushintsha i-geometry yepheshana. Isibonelo, ingakhubazeka noma inganamathela ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwekhabhoni. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, konke okuphindwe kaningi kufanele kufakwe esikhundleni.

Ukulungisa okuphindwe kaningi

Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa komqoqi, ukufundwa kwenzwa efakwe kuyo kuqala kuthathwe. Ngakho-ke ungaqiniseka ukuthi iphutha likule node ethile. Uma ukuwohloka empeleni kuningi, khona-ke kunqanyuliwe emotweni. Inqubo yenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:

• Amafutha anqanyuliwe;
• Amatheminali anqanyuliwe ebhetri;
• Isihlungi somoya siyadilizwa;
• Ivalve mpintsha iyadilizwa;
• Amabhawodi wokufaka anhlobonhlobo awavuliwe futhi ingxenye iyasuswa.

Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi amanye amaphutha awakwazi ukulungiswa. Ama-valve nezidampi kungaphansi kwalesi sigaba. Uma ziphukile noma zisebenza ngezikhathi ezithile, kuzodingeka ukuthi uzishintshe. Uma inzwa iphuka, ukudiliza umhlangano akudingeki Kulokhu, i-ECU izothola ukufundwa okungalungile, okuzoholela ekulungiseleleni okungalungile kwe-BTC futhi kuthinte kabi ukusebenza kwemoto. Ukuxilongwa kuyakwazi ukubona lokhu kungasebenzi kahle.

Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, ukunakekelwa okufanele kufanele kukhokhwe kwizimpawu ezihlanganisiwe. I-gasket edabukile izodala ukuvuza kwengcindezi. Lapho ubuningi sebususiwe, ingaphakathi lokuphindaphindeka kufanele lihlanzwe futhi lifuthwe.

Ukushuna kwabaqoqi

Ngokushintsha ukwakheka kokuphindwayo okuningi, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa izici zobuchwepheshe zophiko lwamandla. Imvamisa, umqoqi ubukele ngezizathu ezimbili:

1. Susa imiphumela emibi edalwe ukwakheka nobude bamapayipi;
2. Ukuguqula ingaphakathi, elizothuthukisa ukuhamba kwenhlanganisela yomoya / kaphethiloli kumasilinda.

Uma ubuningi bunokuma okungalingani, khona-ke ukugeleza komoya noma ingxube kaphethiloli womoya kuzokwabiwa ngokungalingani phezu kwamasilinda. Iningi levolumu lizoqondiswa kusilinda sokuqala, futhi kulowo nalowo olandelayo - omncane.

Kepha abaqoqi abalinganayo nabo banezinkinga zabo. Kulomklamo, ivolumu enkudlwana ingena kumasilinda amaphakathi, bese kuthi encane incane kulawo angaphandle. Njengoba ingxube kaphethiloli womoya wehlukile kumasilinda ahlukene, amasilinda weyunithi yamandla aqala ukusebenza ngokungalingani. lokhu kudala ukuthi imoto iphelelwe ngamandla.

Ngenkathi yokuhlela, ukuphindaphindeka okujwayelekile kuguqulwa kube isistimu enokudla okuningi kokuqina. Kulomklamo, isilinda ngasinye sine-valve mpintsha ngayinye. Ngenxa yalokhu, konke ukugeleza komoya okungena emotweni kuzimele komunye nomunye.

Uma ingekho imali yokwenza izinto zesimanjemanje, ungazenzela ngokwakho ngaphandle kokutshala imali ebonakalayo. Imvamisa, izinqwaba ezijwayelekile zinamaphutha angaphakathi ngendlela yobukhali noma okungajwayelekile. Zakha uthuthuva oludala uthuthuva olungadingekile endleleni.

Lokhu kungadala ukuthi amasilinda agcwalise kabi noma ngokungalingani. Lo mphumela imvamisa awubonakali kakhulu ngejubane eliphansi. Kepha lapho umshayeli elindele impendulo esheshayo ngokucindezela i-pedal yegesi, ezinjinini ezinjalo ayigculisi (kuya ngezimpawu zomuntu oqoqayo).

Ukuqeda le miphumela, ipheshana lokungenisa linesihlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele ulethe indawo ibe sesimweni esihle (esifana nesibuko). Kwanele ukususa ubunzima. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukufingqa kukaphethiloli kuzokwakhiwa ezindongeni ngaphakathi kwendlela yokungenisa isibuko.

Futhi ubuqili obengeziwe. Lapho uthuthukisa okuphindaphindwayo kokudla, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngendawo yokufakwa kwayo enjinini. Kufakwe i-gasket endaweni lapho amapayipi axhunywe khona ekhanda lesilinda. Le nto akufanele idale isinyathelo esizodala ukuthi ukusakaza okungenayo kushayisane nesithiyo.

Isiphetho + VIDEO

Ngakho-ke, ukufana kokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla kuncike engxenyeni ebonakala ilula yenjini, okuphindaphindwayo kokudla. Ngaphandle kokuthi umqokeleli akayona ingxenye yesigaba sezinqubo, kepha ngaphandle kuyingxenye elula, ukusebenza kwenjini kuncike ekubunjweni, ubude nesimo sesidonga sangaphakathi samapayipi ayo.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukuphindaphindeka kokudla kuyingxenye elula, kepha ukungasebenzi kahle kwayo kungadala ukukhathazeka okukhulu kumnikazi wemoto. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuqala ukuyilungisa, kufanele uhlole zonke ezinye izinhlelo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo zokungasebenzi kahle.

Nayi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ukwakheka kokuphindaphindwayo kokuthinta kukuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwe-powertrain:

Ukungena nokukhipha okuningi - kuyini? Cishe okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kukuphi ukutholakala kokudla okuningana? Le yingxenye yesinamathiseli semoto. Ezinyunithi ze-carburetor, le nto yohlelo lokungenisa itholakala phakathi kwe-carburetor nekhanda lesilinda. Uma imoto iyi-injector, inqwaba yokudla ivele ixhume imodyuli yokuhlunga umoya emigodini ehambisanayo yekhanda lesilinda. Ama-injector fuel, kuye ngohlobo lwe-fuel system, azofakwa emapayipini amaningi okudla noma ngqo ekhanda lesilinda.

Yini efakiwe kokuphindwe kaningi kokudla? Izindlela eziningi zokungenisa zinamapayipi amaningana (inani lawo lincike kwinani lamasilinda asenjinini), axhunywe kwipayipi elilodwa. Kubandakanya ipayipi elivela kumoduli yesihlungi somoya. Kwezinye izinhlelo zikaphethiloli (ama-injection system), kufakwa ama-fuel injectors emapayipini alungele injini. Uma imoto isebenzisa i-carburetor noma i-mono injection, khona-ke le nto izofakwa ku-node lapho kuxhunywe khona wonke amapayipi ezinqwaba zokungenisa.

Kuyini ukudla okuphindaphindwayo? Ezimotweni zakudala, umoya unikezwa futhi uxutshwe nophethiloli kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla. Uma umshini ufakwe umjovo oqondile, khona-ke inqwaba yokudla isebenza kuphela ukuhlinzeka ngengxenye entsha yomoya.

Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-multiple multiple? Lapho injini iqala, umoya ohlanzekile ovela kusihlungi somoya uhamba phakathi komthamo owuthathayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokudonsa kwemvelo noma ngenxa yesenzo se-turbine.