Amazinga Wokushisa Kwinjini Wedizili

Noma iyiphi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenza kahle kakhulu uma ifinyelela izinga lokushisa elithile. Ngokuqondene nophethiloli, le parameter isivele ikhona ukubuyekeza okuhlukile... Manje ake sikhulume ngezici injini ye-diesel enayo.

Ukukhishwa kwayo okuphezulu kuzovele kuxhomeke ngqo ekutheni umbuso wezinga lokushisa ugcinwa kuwo noma cha. Ake sicabangele ukuthi kungani izinga lokushisa elithile leyunithi liyisimo esibalulekile sokusebenza kwalo ngokushelela.

Ukuminyaniswa isilinganiso

Isimo sokuqala esizocacisa ukuthi injini ifinyelela izinga lokushisa olifunayo isilinganiso sokucindezela. Leli gama lichazwe ngokuningiliziwe. lapha... Ngamafuphi, kuya ngokuthi umoya ophakathi kwesilinda ucindezelwa kangakanani ukuthi uphethiloli osekamelweni uyasha noma cha. Iyunithi yokusebenza, le parameter ingafinyelela ku-6-7 amakhulu ama-degree.

Ngokungafani nophethiloli, injini kadizili inikeza amandla wephethiloli ngokujova ingxenye ethile emoyeni oshisayo. Uma ivolumu yesilinda icindezelwa kakhulu, izinga lokushisa layo lizoba likhulu.

Ngalesi sizathu, imoto ilungisiwe ukuze isilinganiso sayo sokucindezelwa sikhuthaze ukushisa okufanayo kwephethiloli, kunokuqhuma kwayo okungazelelwe, lapho nje kuqala ukufafaza. Uma ukucindezela komoya okuvumelekile kudluliwe, khona-ke inhlanganisela yomoya kaphethiloli ngeke ibe nesikhathi sokwenza. Lokhu kuzoholela ekukhanyeni okungalawuleki kukaphethiloli kadizili, okuthinta kabi izici ezinamandla zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Izinjini lapho inqubo yokusebenza ihlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kwesilinganiso sokucindezela okwandisiwe ibizwa ngokuthi iyashisa. Uma le nkomba idlula imikhawulo evunyelwe, khona-ke iyunithi izothola ukulayishwa okuthe xaxa kwasendaweni. Futhi, umsebenzi wakhe ungahambisana nokuqhuma kwesibhamu.

Ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi eshisayo neyomshini kuholela ekwehliseni impilo yokusebenza kwemoto noma ezinye zezinto zayo, ngokwesibonelo, indlela ye-crank. Ngezizathu ezifanayo, umjovo ungahluleka.

Ukushisa okuvumelekile kokusebenza kwezinjini zangaphakathi zedizili

Ngokuya ngokuguqulwa kweyunithi yamandla, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kweyunithi elilodwa lingahluka kule pharamitha yenye i-analogue. Uma imingcele yokushisa evumelekile yomoya ocindezelwe kusilinda igcinwa, injini izosebenza kahle.

Abanye abashayeli bezimoto bazama ukukhuphula isilinganiso sokucindezelwa ukwenza kube lula ukuqala injini ebandayo ebusika. Kuma-powertrains anamuhla, uhlelo lukaphethiloli lunama-plugs akhanyayo. Lapho ukuthungela kusebenza kusebenza, lezi zinto zishisa ingxenye yokuqala yomoya ukuze ikwazi ukunikela ngomlilo wephethiloli obandayo kadizili ofafazwe ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Lapho injini ifinyelela ekushiseni okusebenzayo, uphethiloli awuhwamuki kakhulu, futhi ukhanyisa ngesikhathi. Kulesi sigaba kuphela lapho ukusebenza kwenjini kukhula. Futhi, ukushisa okusebenzayo kusheshisa ukuthungela kwe-HTS, okudinga uphethiloli omncane. Lokhu kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto. Uma inani likaphethiloli lincane, kuzoba ngokuhlanzeka kangakanani ukukhipha, ngenxa yokuthi isihlungi se-diesel particulate (kanye ne-catalyst, uma sikhona ohlelweni lokukhipha) sizosebenza kahle isikhathi eside.

Ukushisa kokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla kuthathwa njengokuphakathi kuka-70-90^оC. Kudingeka ipharamitha efanayo ku-analogue kaphethiloli. Kwezinye izimo, izinga lokushisa lingeqi ku-97^оC. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho umthwalo emotweni unyuka.

Imiphumela yethempelesha ephansi yenjini

Uma kwenzeka kuneqhwa, udizili kufanele ufudunyezwe ngaphambi kokushayela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qala i-unit bese uyiyeka isebenze ngemodi engenzi lutho cishe imizuzu engu-2-3 (noma kunjalo, lesi sikhathi sincike emandleni eqhwa - ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomoya, injini ifudumala kakhulu). Ungaqala ukuhamba lapho umcibisholo ukhombisa u-40-50 esikalini sokushisa sohlelo lokupholisa^оC.

Emakhazeni amakhulu, imoto kungenzeka ingafudumali ngaphezulu, ngakho-ke lokhu kushisa kwanele ukunika injini umthwalo omncane. Kuze kufinyelele ekushiseni okusebenzayo, izinguquko zayo akufanele zikhuliswe ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezi-2,5. Ungashintshela kumodi enamandla kakhulu lapho i-antifreeze ifudumala ize ifike kuma-degree angama-80.

Nakhu okuzokwenzeka uma injini kadizili isebenza ngemodi ethuthukisiwe, ingafudumali ngokwanele:

1. Ukwengeza ijubane, umshayeli uzodinga ukucindezela i-accelerator ngamandla, okuzoholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kadizili;
2. Uma uphethiloli omningi egumbini, uzoshisa kakhulu. Lokhu kuzodala ukuthi insimbi eningi ingene ohlelweni lokukhipha, okuholele kumadiphozi aminyene kumaseli wokuhlunga we-particulate. Kuzofanele luguqulwe kungekudala, futhi ezimweni zezimoto ezithile le yinqubo ebizayo;
3. Ngaphezu kokwakheka kwediphozi kusihlungi se-particulate, ukwakheka komsizi kungabonakala kwi-atomizer yombhobho. Lokhu kuzothinta ikhwalithi ye-atomization kaphethiloli. Kwezinye izimo, uphethiloli uqala ukugcwala, futhi ungasatshalaliselwa amaconsi amancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, uphethiloli uxubana kakhulu nomoya, futhi awunaso isikhathi sokusha ngaphambi kokuphela kwesifo se-piston. Kuze kube kuvulwa i-valve yokukhipha, uphethiloli kadizili uzoqhubeka nokusha, okuzoholela ekutheni i-piston yendawo ishise ngokweqile. Maduze nje, kule modi, i-fistula yakha kuyo, ezoholela ngokuzenzakalela ekulungisweni okukhulu kweyunithi;
4. Inkinga efanayo ingenzeka ngama-valve nama-O-rings;
5. Amasongo e-piston ahlulekile ngeke anikeze ukucinana okwanele, yingakho umoya ungeke ufudumale ngokwanele ngomlilo osebenzayo wenhlanganisela yomoya nophethiloli kadizili.

Esinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi imoto ithathe isikhathi eside ukufinyelela izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo kungukucindezelwa okwanele. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukutubeka kwepiston, ukugqokwa kwamasongo e-O, ukutubeka kwevalvu elilodwa noma ngaphezulu. Imoto enjalo ayiqali kahle uma kubanda. Uma okungenani ezinye zalezi zimpawu zivela, kufanele uxhumane ne-minder ukuthola izeluleko.

Ubuhle nobubi bezinjini zikadizili

Izinzuzo zophiko lukadizili zifaka phakathi izinto ezilandelayo:

• Azithobekile ngokwezinga likaphethiloli. Into esemqoka ukuthi isihlungi silungile (uma kukhona ukukhetha, kufanelekile ukuma ekuguqulweni ngepayipi le-condensate);
• Ukusebenza okuphelele kweyunithi kungama-40, futhi kwezinye izimo - i-50% (i-analogue kaphethiloli ibangelwa ukuthungela okuphoqelelwe, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwayo kahle kungamaphesenti angama-30);
• Ngenxa yokwanda kokucindezelwa, uphethiloli uvutha kahle kakhulu kunenguqulo kaphethiloli, okuyihlinzeka ngokusebenza kangcono;
• I-torque ephezulu kuzo itholakala ngejubane eliphansi;
• Naphezu kokungaqondakali okuvamile, udizili unokukhipha okusimeme ngokwengeziwe kwemvelo kunenjini kaphethiloli lapho izinhlelo zezimoto zisebenza kahle.

Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi kunenjini kaphethiloli, udizili unezinkinga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• Njengoba izindlela, ngenxa yokwanda kokucindezelwa kanye nokubuyela emuva okunamandla kakhulu ngejubane eliphansi, isipiliyoni sanda imithwalo, izingxenye zenziwe ngezinto eziqinile, okwenza ukulungisa iyunithi kubize kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenhlokodolobha yenjini kaphethiloli;
• Izinto eziningi zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ephakeme, okuholela ekwandeni kobuningi bezinqubo. I-Inertia kumayunithi anjalo iyancipha, futhi lokhu kuthinta kabi amandla amakhulu weyunithi;
• Ubungani bemvelo benjini ye-diesel buyivumela ukuthi bancintisane nozakwabo kaphethiloli, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ayincintisani maqondana nezikhungo zamandla kagesi, ezisanda kuduma kakhulu;
• Uphethiloli kadizili uyakwazi ukumisa amakhaza emakhazeni, futhi kokunye uze uphenduke ujeli, yingakho uhlelo lukaphethiloli lungeke lunikeze ingxenye edingekayo kojantshi. Ngalesi sizathu, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, udizili awusebenzi kangako kunophethiloli "abafowabo";
• Izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi zikadizili zidinga uwoyela wenjini okhethekile.

Ngemininingwane eminingi mayelana nezisekelo zenjini kadizili kuchazwe kule vidiyo:

Udizili wezidumbu. Ingxenye 1 - izinhlinzeko ezijwayelekile.