Luyini uhlelo lweMotronic?

Ukuze injini isebenze ngejubane elihlukile nemithwalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi isabalalise kahle ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli, umoya, kanye nokushintsha isikhathi sokushisa. Lokhu kunemba akukwazi ukufinyelelwa ezinjinini ezindala ezibunjiwe. Futhi uma kwenzeka kuguqulwa ukuthungela, inqubo edidiyelwe yokwenza kube ngcono i-camshaft (lolu hlelo luchaziwe phambilini).

Ngokuqala kwezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi, kwenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe kahle ukusebenza kwenjini yenjini yokukhanya ngaphakathi. Enye inqubo enjalo yasungulwa iBosch ngo-1979. Igama layo nguMotronic. Ake sibheke ukuthi luyini, lusebenza kuziphi izimiso, nokuthi luyini usizo lwalo futhi luyini.

Idizayini yesistimu ye-Motronic

 I-Motronic ukuguqulwa kohlelo lokujova uphethiloli, olukwazi futhi ukulawula ngasikhathi sinye ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa. Iyingxenye yohlelo lwamafutha futhi inamaqembu amathathu ayinhloko ezakhi:

• Izinzwa zombuso ze-ICE nezinhlelo ezithinta ukusebenza kwayo;
• Isilawuli se-elekthronikhi;
• Izindlela zokuphatha.

Izinzwa zirekhoda isimo semoto namayunithi athinta ukusebenza kwayo. Lesi sigaba sifaka izinzwa ezilandelayo:

• I-DPKV;
• Ukuqhuma;
• Ukusetshenziswa komoya;
• Amazinga okushisa apholile;
• I-Lambda probe;
• I-DPRV;
• Ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa komoya amaningi;
• Izikhundla ze-Throttle.

I-ECU iqopha amasiginali avela kunzwa ngayinye. Ngokusekelwe kule datha, ikhipha imiyalo efanelekile yezinto zokwenziwa ukuze kwenziwe kahle ukusebenza kwemoto. I-ECU eyengeziwe yenza le misebenzi elandelayo:

• Ilawula umthamo uphethiloli osuselwa enanini lomoya ongenayo;
• Inikeza isignali yokwakhiwa kwenhlansi;
• Ilawula ukukhuphula;
• Ishintsha izigaba zokusebenza kwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi;
• Ilawula ubuthi bokukhipha.

Isigaba samasu wokulawula sifaka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Ama-injector we-Fuel;
• Amakhoyili we-Ignition;
• Ipompo ye-Fuel idrayivu kagesi;
• Amaphayiphu wohlelo lokukhipha nesikhathi.

Izinhlobo zesistimu ye-Motronic

Namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi zohlelo lwe-motronic. Ngamunye wabo unegama lakhe:

1. UMono;
2. NE;
3. KE;
4. M;
5. MINA.

Ukuhlukahluka ngakunye kusebenza kumgomo wawo. Nayi umehluko omkhulu.

IMono-Motronic

Lokhu kuguqulwa kusebenza kumgomo womjovo owodwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uphethiloli uhlinzekwa ngendlela efanayo nenjini ye-carburetor - kuyi-intake manifold (lapho ihlanganiswa khona nomoya), futhi ukusuka lapho ifakwa kwisilinda oyifunayo. Ngokungafani nohlobo lwe-carburetor, uhlelo lwe-mono lusabalalisa uphethiloli ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

IMED-Motronic

Lolu uhlobo lohlelo lokujova ngqo. Kulokhu, ingxenye kaphethiloli ifakwa ngqo kwisilinda esisebenzayo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuzoba nokujova okuningana (kuya ngenani lamasilinda). Afakwe ekhanda lesilinda eduze kwamapulagi we-spark.

I-KE-Motronic

Kulesi simiso, imijovo ifakwa emgqonyeni wokudla osondelene nesilinda ngasinye. Kulokhu, ingxube ye-fuel-air ayakheki kwisilinda uqobo (njengakwinguqulo ye-MED), kodwa phambi kwe-valve yokudla.

UM-Motronic

Lolu uhlobo oluphambili lomjovo we-multipoint. Ukucaca kwayo kuxhomeke ekutheni isilawuli sinquma ijubane lenjini, futhi inzwa yevolumu yomoya irekhoda umthwalo wezimoto bese ithumela isignali ku-ECU. Lezi zinkomba zithinta inani likaphethiloli elidingekayo okwamanje. Ngenxa yesistimu enjalo, ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kuqinisekiswa ngokusebenza okuphezulu kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

I-ME-Motronic

Uhlobo lwakamuva lohlelo lufakwe i-valve mpintsha kagesi. Eqinisweni, le yi-M-Motronic efanayo, ilawulwa kuphela yi-elekthronikhi. Ukuhamba kwegesi kulezi zimoto akunakho ukuxhumana ngokomzimba ne-throttle. Lokhu kuvumela isikhundla sengxenye ngayinye ohlelweni ukuthi siqondaniswe kahle.

Indlela esebenza ngayo uhlelo lweMotronic

Ukuguqulwa ngakunye kunesimiso sayo sokusebenza. Ngokuyisisekelo, uhlelo lusebenza kanjena.

Inkumbulo yesilawuli ihlelwe ngamapharamitha adingekayo ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini ethile. Izinzwa zirekhoda ukuma nesivinini se-crankshaft, indawo yomoya oshisayo nomthamo womoya ongenayo. Ngokuya ngalokhu, ivolumu edingekayo kaphethiloli iyanqunywa. Izinsalela zikaphethiloli ezingasetshenziswanga zibuyiselwa ngentambo yokubuyela ethangini.

Uhlelo lungasetshenziswa emotweni kunguqulo elandelayo:

• I-DME M1.1-1.3. ukuguqulwa okunjalo akuhlanganisi kuphela ukusatshalaliswa komjovo, kepha futhi noshintsho esikhathini sokulahla. Ngokuya ngejubane le-injini, okokufaka kungasetwa ekuvuleni kancane noma ukuvulwa kancane kwama-valve. Ukuhlinzekwa kukaphethiloli kulawulwa ngokuya ngevolumu kanye namazinga okushisa komoya ongenayo, isivinini se-crankshaft, umthwalo wenjini, izinga lokushisa elipholile. Uma imoto ifakwe ngokuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo, inani lophethiloli liyalungiswa kuye ngesivinini esifakiwe.
• I-DME M1.7 Lezi zinhlelo zinokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli. Imitha lomoya liseduze kwesihlungi somoya (i-damper ephambukayo ngokuya ngevolumu yomoya), lapho kunqunywa khona isikhathi somjovo nevolumu kaphethiloli.
• I-DME M3.1. kungukuguqulwa kohlobo lokuqala lohlelo. Umehluko ubukhona bemitha yokugeleza eningi (hhayi ivolumu) yomoya. Lokhu kuvumela imoto ukuthi ijwayele ukufudumala okukhona nomoya ongafinyeleleki (okuphezulu kwezinga lolwandle, kwehlise i-oxygen oxygen). Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kufakwe ezimotweni ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezintaba. Ngokusho kwezinguquko ezisezingeni lokuphola kwekhoyili evuthayo (ukushisa okwenzeka manje), i-motronic nayo inquma isisindo somoya, futhi izinga lokushisa layo linqunywa inzwa efakwe eduze kwe-throttle valve.

Esimweni ngasinye, qiniseka ukuthi ingxenye ifana nemodeli yokulawula lapho ilungiswa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uhlelo luzosebenza ngokungaphumeleli noma luhluleke ngokuphelele.

Njengoba ukutholakala kwezinzwa ezishunwe kahle kungaholela ekusebenzeni okungalungile (inzwa ingahluleka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi), iyunithi yokulawula uhlelo nayo ihlelelwe amanani aphakathi. Isibonelo, uma imitha yesisindo somoya ihluleka, i-ECU ishintshela endaweni ye-throttle kanye nezinkomba zejubane le-crankshaft.

Iningi lalolu shintsho oluphuthumayo aluboniswa kudeshibhodi njengephutha. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukufeza ukuxilongwa okuphelele kwe-elektroniki yemoto. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole ukungasebenzi kahle ngesikhathi futhi ukukuqede.

Amathiphu wokuxazulula inkinga

Ukuguqulwa ngakunye kohlelo lweMotronic kunezimpawu zalo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye nezindlela zalo zokuxazulula inkinga. Ake sizicabangele ngokulandelana kwazo.

I-KE-Motronic

Lolu hlelo lufakwe kumodeli ye-Audi 80. Ukuze ubonise ikhodi yokungasebenzi kahle esikrinini sekhompyutha ebhodini, kufanele uthathe oxhumana naye oseduze kwesigwedlo segiya bese usifinyezela phansi. Ngenxa yalokho, ikhodi yephutha izokhanya kucocekile.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okuvamile kufaka:

• Injini ayiqali kahle;
• Ngenxa yokuthi i-MTC icebile ngokweqile, imoto yaqala ukusebenza kanzima;
• Ngejubane elithile, injini iyama.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kungahlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi ipuleti lemitha yokuhamba komoya linamathela. Isizathu esivamile salokhu ukufakwa okungalungile kwesihlungi somoya (ingxenye yaso engezansi inamathela epuletini, futhi ayikuvumeli ihambe ngokukhululeka).

Ukuze ufike kule ngxenye, kubalulekile ukuqaqa amapayipi enjoloba ahamba phezu kwawo bese uxhuma kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukuthola izizathu zokuvimba isondo lamahhala lepuleti (kwesinye isikhathi lifakwa ngokungalungile, futhi alikwazi ukuvula / ukuvala, ukulungisa ukuhamba komoya), nokukuqeda. Kuyadingeka futhi ukubheka ukuthi ngabe le ngxenye ikhubazekile yini, ngoba lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokukhahlela emuva, okwenyuse kakhulu ingcindezi yangemuva ohlelweni lokudla. Le elementi kufanele ibe nomumo oyisicaba ngokuphelele.

Uma ipuleti likhubazekile, liyasuswa (lokhu kuzodinga imizamo emikhulu, ngoba ama-fasteners alungiswa ngeglue ekhethekile ukuze iphini lingaphambuki). Ngemuva kokuqaqa ipuleti liyalinganiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele usebenzise i-mallet ne-block yamapulangwe ukuze ungachitheki umkhiqizo. Uma ama-burrs akhe noma imiphetho yonakele, acutshungulwa ngefayela, kepha ukuze ama-burrs angakhi. Endleleni, kufanele uhlole futhi uhlanze i-mpintsha, i-valve engenzi lutho.

Okulandelayo, kuyabhekwa ukuthi ngabe umthengisi wezinto ezishisayo uhlanzekile yini. Ingakwazi ukuqoqa uthuli nokungcola, okuphazamisa ukusatshalaliswa kwesikhathi sokushisa emgodini ohambisanayo. Kuyaqabukela, kepha nokho kukhona ukonakala kwezintambo ezinamandla amakhulu. Uma leli phutha likhona, kufanele lithathelwe indawo.

Into elandelayo ezobhekwa ukuhlangana kolayini womoya wokungenisa kanye nekhanda lokulinganisa kumshini wohlelo lokujova. Uma ngisho nokulahleka okuncane komoya kwenzeka kule ngxenye, uhlelo ngeke lusebenze kahle.

Futhi, ezinjini ezihlonyiswe ngalolu hlelo, ijubane elingenzi lutho elingazinzile livame ukubonwa. Okokuqala, amakhandlela, izintambo ezinamandla amakhulu, nokuhlanzeka kwekhava yabasabalalisi kuyahlolwa. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele unake ukusebenza kwe-injectors. Iqiniso ukuthi lawa madivayisi asebenza ekucindezelweni kukaphethiloli, futhi hhayi ngemali ye-valve kagesi. Ukuhlanzwa okujwayelekile kwale mibhobho ngeke kusize, ngoba lokhu kudinga imishini ekhethekile. Indlela eshibhile kakhulu ukufaka izinto endaweni entsha.

Okunye ukungasebenzi kahle okuthinta ukungenzi lutho ukungcoliswa kwesistimu kaphethiloli. Lokhu kufanele kugwenywe njalo, ngoba ngisho nokungcola okuncane kuzokuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwemitha kaphethiloli. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi akukho ukungcola kulayini, kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe ipayipi elivela kujantshi kaphethiloli bese uhlola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini imali noma izinhlayiya zangaphandle kuyo. Ukuhlanzeka kolayini kungahlulelwa ngesimo sesihlungi sikaphethiloli. Ngesikhathi sokushintshwa okuhleliwe, ungayisika bese ubona isimo sento yokuhlunga. Uma kunokungcola okuningi kuwo, khona-ke kunamathuba aphezulu okuthi ezinye izinhlayiya zisangena kulayini kaphethiloli. Uma kutholakala ukungcola, ulayini kaphethiloli ucwecwe ngokuphelele.

Imvamisa kunezinkinga ngokuqala okubandayo noma okushisayo kwenjini ngalesi simiso. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo yisethi yokungasebenzi kahle:

• Nciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwepompo kaphethiloli ngenxa yokugqoka kwezingxenye zayo;
• Imijovo kaphethiloli evinjiwe noma ephukile;
• Iphutha lokuhlola i-valve.

Uma ama-valve engasebenzi kahle, khona-ke, njengenketho, i-element ebhekele ukuqala okubandayo ingavumelaniswa nokusebenza kwe-starter. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungaxhuma i-plus starter ku-plus valve ye-valve, bese ugaya i-minus emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokhu kuxhumeka, idivayisi izohlala isebenza uma i-starter ivuliwe ngokudlula iyunithi yokulawula. Kepha kulokhu kunengozi yokuchichima kukaphethiloli. Ngalesi sizathu, akufanele ucindezele i-pedal kanzima, kepha vula i-starter isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

M1.7 Okuhamba phambili

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-BMW, ​​ezinjenge-518L kanye ne-318i, zinalo lolu hlelo lukaphethiloli. Njengoba lokhu kuguqulwa kohlelo lukaphethiloli kunokwethenjelwa okukhulu, ukwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwayo kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokwehluleka kwezinto zomshini, hhayi nokungasebenzi kahle nge-elekthronikhi.

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuphuka yizinto ezivalekile, kanye nalawo madivayisi avezwe ukushisa ngokweqile noma amanzi. Amaphutha kuyunithi yokulawula avela ngenxa yalezi zizathu. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi injini iqhubeke ingazinzi.

Kukhona ukwehluleka okuvamile ekusebenzeni kwemoto, ukudlidliza kwayo nokuphazamiseka, kungakhathalekile indlela yokusebenza yeyunithi. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kungenxa yokungcola kwekepisi lokusabalalisa le-ignition. Imbozwe izembozo zepulasitiki eziningana, lapho uthuli oluxutshwe namafutha lungena ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngalesi sizathu, kukhona ukuwohloka kwamandla wamandla aphezulu kuya phansi, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwenhlansi. Uma lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kwenzeka, kuyadingeka ukuthi kususwe ikhava yabasabalalisi, bese uyihlanze kahle nesilayida. Ama-casings ngokwawo awadingi ukushintshwa. Kwanele ukubagcina behlanzekile.

Izintambo ezinamandla amakhulu ngokwazo ezimotweni ezinjalo zifakwe emigodini ekhethekile evikela ulayini wamandla aphezulu ekungcoleni, emswakeni nasekuvezeni amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, izinkinga ngezintambo zivame ukuhlobana nokulungiswa okungalungile kwamathiphu kumakhandlela. Uma ngesikhathi somsebenzi umshayeli alimaza ithiphu noma indawo yokulungisa izintambo kusembozo sabasabalalisi, uhlelo lokushisa luzosebenza ngezikhathi ezithile noma luyeke ukusebenza ngokuphelele.

I-injector evinjiwe (ama-injector fuel) esinye isizathu sokusebenza okungazinzile kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi (vibration). Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabashayeli abaningi, amayunithi kagesi we-BMW brand ahlukaniswa neqiniso lokuthi ukugqokwa kancane kancane kwama-injector fuel kuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwe-BTC. Imvamisa le nkinga ilungiswa ngokusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile yokugeza.

Onke ama-motors afakwe uhlelo lweMotronic abonakala ngejubane lokungasebenzi elizinzile lapho kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle. Esinye sezizathu zalokhu ukugcinwa kwe-throttle okungalungile. Okokuqala, idivayisi idinga ukuhlanzwa kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele unake isikhundla sesiteshi sokuhamba esine-damper. Ungakhuphula ijubane ngokushintsha indawo yemikhawulo. Kepha lesi yisilinganiso nje sesikhashana futhi asiyilungisi inkinga. Isizathu ukuthi ukwanda kwejubane lokungenzi lutho kuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwe-potentiometer.

Isizathu sokusebenza okungalingani kwenjini ngejubane elingenzi lutho kungenzeka kuvaleka i-valve engu-XX (ifakwe ngemuva kwenjini). Kulula ukuyihlanza. Endleleni, ukungasebenzi kahle kokusebenza kwemitha yokugeleza komoya kungavela. Ithrekhi yokuxhumana igqokile kuyo, engadala ukukhuphuka kwamandla ekuphumeni kwedivayisi. Ukukhula kwamandla kagesi kule ndawo kufanele kube bushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kungenjalo, kuzothinta ukusebenza kweyunithi yokulawula. Lokhu kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kabi kokunothisa ingxube yomoya / kaphethiloli. Ngenxa yalokhu, injini iphelelwa ngamandla kanti nemoto iba namandla angaguquki.

Ukuxilongwa kokusebenziseka kwemitha yokugeleza kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-multimeter esethwe kumodi yokulinganisa i-voltage. Idivayisi uqobo iyasebenza uma kufakwa i-current of 5V. Ngenjini icishiwe nokushiselwa, oxhumana nabo be-multimeter baxhunywe koxhumana nabo bemitha yokugeleza. Kuyadingeka ukushintshanisa ngesandla i-flowmeter. Ngedivayisi esebenzayo ku-voltmeter, umcibisholo uzophambuka ngaphakathi kuka-0.5-4.5V. Leli sheke kufanele lenziwe kuzinjini zombili zangaphakathi zomlilo ezibandayo nezishisayo.

Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ithrekhi yokuxhumana ye-potentiometer iqinile, kufanele uyisule ngobumnene ngokusula utshwala. Oxhumana naye ohambisekayo akumele athintwe ukuze ungagobeki, futhi ngaleyo ndlela unganqampuli amasethingi okulungisa ukwakheka kwenhlanganisela yomoya nophethiloli.

Ubunzima bokuqalisa imoto efakwe uhlelo lweMotronic M1.7 kungenzeka ukuthi buhlotshaniswe nokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo olujwayelekile lokulwa nokweba. I-immobilizer ixhunywe kwiyunithi yokulawula, futhi ukukhubazeka kwayo kungahle kubonwe ngokungalungile yi-microprocessor, okuzokwenza ukuthi uhlelo lweMotronic lungasebenzi kahle. Ungahlola lokhu kungasebenzi ngendlela elandelayo. I-immobilizer inqanyuliwe kwiyunithi yokulawula (thinta u-31) futhi iyunithi yamandla iyaqalwa. Uma i-ICE iqalile ngempumelelo, kuzodingeka ubheke amaphutha ku-elekthronikhi yokulwa nokweba.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zohlelo lokujova oluphambili kukhona okulandelayo:

• Ibhalansi ephelele itholakala phakathi kokusebenza kwenjini nomnotho;
• Iyunithi yokulawula ayidingi ukwenziwa kabusha, ngoba uhlelo uqobo lulungisa amaphutha;
• Naphezu kokuba khona kwezinzwa eziningi ezenziwe kahle, uhlelo luthembekile;
• Umshayeli akudingeki akhathazeke ngokwanda kukaphethiloli ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokusebenza - uhlelo lulungisa umjovo ngezici zezingxenye ezigugile.

Yize ububi besistimu yeMotronic bumbalwa, babalulekile:

• Idizayini yesistimu ifaka inani elikhulu lezinzwa. Ukuthola ukungasebenzi kahle, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuxilongwa okujulile kwamakhompyutha, noma ngabe i-ECU ingakhombisi iphutha.
• Ngenxa yobunzima besistimu, ukulungiswa kwayo kubiza kakhulu.
• Namuhla, abekho ochwepheshe abaningi abaqonda ubunzima bomsebenzi wokuguqulwa ngakunye, ngakho-ke ukulungisa kuzodingeka uvakashele isikhungo senkonzo esemthethweni. Izinsizakalo zabo zibiza kakhulu kunalezo zemihlangano yokufundisa ejwayelekile.

Noma kunjalo, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe benzelwe ukwenza impilo ibe lula kumshayeli, kwandise induduzo ngokushayela, kuthuthukise ukuphepha kwezimoto futhi kunciphise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Ngokwengeziwe, siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emfushane mayelana nokusebenza kohlelo lweMotronic:

Isifundo sevidiyo seBMW Motronic Engine Management

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kungani udinga uhlelo lweMotronic. Lolu uhlelo ngasikhathi sinye olwenza imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kweyunithi yamandla kagesi. Okokuqala, ilawula ukwakheka nokusatshalaliswa kokuthungela kuyunithi yamandla kaphethiloli. Okwesibili, iMotronic ilawula isikhathi somjovo kaphethiloli. Kukhona ukuguqulwa okuningi kwalesi simiso, okubandakanya kokubili i-mono injection kanye ne-multipoint injection.

Ziyini izinzuzo zohlelo lweMotronic. Okokuqala, i-elekthronikhi iyakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile isikhathi sokushisa nokulethwa kukaphethiloli. Ngenxa yalokhu, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingadla inani eliphansi likaphethiloli ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla. Okwesibili, ngenxa yomlilo ophelele we-BTC, imoto ikhipha izinto ezinganabungozi kangako eziqukethe uphethiloli ongashiswanga. Okwesithathu, uhlelo lune-algorithm ekwazi ukulungisa ama-actuator ekuhlulekeni okuvelayo ku-elekthronikhi. Okwesine, kwezinye izimo, uphiko lokulawula lohlelo luyakwazi ukuqeda ngokuzimela amaphutha athile, ukuze uhlelo lungadingi ukukhishwa kabusha.