I-valve yokungena
Idivayisi yenjini

I-valve yokungena

16.02.2023 /
I-valve yokungena

Kulolu shicilelo sizokhuluma ngama-valve okungenisa nawokukhipha, nokho, ngaphambi kokungena emininingwaneni, sizobeka lezi zakhi kumongo ukuze siqonde kangcono. Injini idinga indlela yokusabalalisa amagesi abambayo kanye ne-exhaust, ukulawula nokuwahambisa ngobuningi ukuya endaweni eningi yokudonsa, igumbi lokuvutha kanye ne-exhaust eningi. Lokhu kufezwa ngochungechunge lwezindlela ezakha uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi ukusatshalaliswa.

Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi idinga ingxube ye-fuel-air, okuthi, lapho isha, ishayele izindlela zenjini. Ku-multifold, umoya uyahlungwa futhi uthunyelwe endaweni eningi yokuthatha, lapho ingxube kaphethiloli ibalwa ngamasistimu afana ne-carburetor noma umjovo.

Ingxube eqediwe ingena ekamelweni elivuthayo, lapho leli gesi lishisa khona futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, liguqula amandla okushisa abe amandla omshini. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo isiqediwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi imikhiqizo evuthayo iphume ekamelweni futhi ivumele umjikelezo ukuba uphinde. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe le nqubo, injini kufanele ilawule ukungena nokukhipha igesi ku-cylinder ngayinye, lokhu kufinyelelwa ngama-valve okungena kanye nokukhipha, okuzoba nesibopho sokuvula nokuvala iziteshi ngesikhathi esifanele.

IMIZUZWANA YEZINJINI

Ukusebenza kwe-four-stroke injini kunezigaba ezine:

UKUNGENA

Kuleli qophelo, i-valve yokungena iyavuleka ukuze kungene umoya ongaphandle, okubangela ukuba i-piston yehle futhi inyakaze induku yokuxhuma kanye ne-crankshaft.

I-valve yokungena

UKUCINDEZELA

Kulesi sigaba, ama-valve okungenisa nawokukhipha avaliwe. Lapho i-crankshaft ijikeleza, induku yokuxhuma kanye ne-piston iphakama, lokhu kuvumela umoya ojovwe esiteji sokuthatha ukwandisa ukucindezela kwawo izikhathi eziningana, ekupheleni kwe-compression stroke fuel kanye nomoya womfutho ophezulu uyajovwa.

I-valve yokungena

AMANDLA

Ku-stroke yamandla, ipiston iqala ukwehla njengoba ingxube yomoya/iphethiloli ecindezelwe ithungelwa ipulaki yenhlansi, okubangela ukuqhuma ngaphakathi kwegumbi elivuthayo.

I-valve yokungena

KHULULA

Ekugcineni, kulesi sigaba, i-crankshaft iphendukela kwesokudla, ngaleyo ndlela inyakazisa induku yokuxhuma ukuze ipiston ikwazi ukubuyela phezulu ngenkathi i-valve yokukhipha umoya ivuliwe, futhi ivumela amagesi avuthayo ukuba aphume kuyo.

I-valve yokungena

YINI AMAVAVAVA OKUNGENA KANYE NEEExhaUST?

Ama-valve angenayo neyokuphuma ayizici umsebenzi wazo ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi noma igesi; lawo asetshenziswa ekuthatheni nasekukhipheni injini enama-stroke amane ngokuvamile amavalvu ahlezi.

Iyini indima yala ma-valve? Amavalvu ayizingxenye ezinembayo zenjini futhi enza imisebenzi emine ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwenjini:

  • Ukuvimbela izigaba zokugeleza.
  • Ukulawula ukushintshaniswa kwegesi.
  • Amasilinda avaliwe nge-Hermetically.
  • Ukuchithwa kokushisa okumuncwa ekushisweni kwamagesi okukhipha umoya, ukukudlulisele endaweni yokufaka isihlalo sevalvu kanye neziqondiso zevalvu. Emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-800ºC, ivalvu ngayinye iyavuleka futhi ivaleke izikhathi ezifika kwezingama-70 ngomzuzwana futhi imelane nesilinganiso sokushintsha komthwalo oyizigidi ezingu-300 phakathi nokuphila kwenjini.

IMISEBENZI

AMAVAVAVA OKUNGENA

I-valve yokungena yenza umsebenzi wokuxhuma i-multifold intake kusilinda kuye ngesikhathi sokusabalalisa. Njengomthetho, zenziwe ngensimbi eyodwa kuphela, insimbi ene-chromium ne-silicon ukungcola, okunikeza ukumelana okuhle nokushisa nokusebenza. Izindawo ezithile zensimbi, njengesihlalo, isiqu, nekhanda, ngokuvamile ziqina ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguga. Ukupholisa kwalesi valve kwenzeka ngenxa yokuxhumana kwayo nengxube ye-fuel-air, echitha izinga lokushisa layo ngezinga elikhulu, njengomthetho, lapho ithintana nesiqu, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza lifinyelela ku-200-300 ° C.

AMAVAVAVU OKUPHUMA

I-valve yokukhipha i-exhaust ihlale ithintana namagesi okukhipha umoya emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele abe nomklamo oqinile kunama-valve okukhipha.

Ukushisa okuqoqwe kuvalvu kukhishwa ngesihlalo sayo ngo-75%, akumangazi ukuthi kufinyelela ezingeni lokushisa elingu-800 ºC. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo oyingqayizivele, le valve kufanele yenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, ikhanda layo nesiqu ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi ye-chromium ne-magnesium alloy, njengoba inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-oxidation kanye nezindawo zokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Ingaphezulu lesiqu ngokuvamile lenziwe nge-silicon chrome. Ukuze kube ne-thermal conductivity, ama-bottoms angenalutho kanye nezinduku ezigcwele i-sodium zenziwe, njengoba le nto inomsebenzi wokudlulisa ukushisa ngokushesha endaweni yokupholisa, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi libe ngu-100ºС.

UHLOBO LWAMAVALVI

I-MONOMETALLIC VALVE

Ikhiqizwe ngokunengqondo nge-extrusion eshisayo noma isitembu.

I-BIMETALLIC VALVES

Lokhu kwenza inhlanganisela ephelele yezinto ezikhona kuzo zombili isiqu nekhanda.

AMAVAVAVU AYIZIMALI

Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa ngakolunye uhlangothi ekunciphiseni isisindo, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi ukupholisa. Igcwele i-sodium (iphuzu elincibilikayo elingu-97,5ºC), ingadlulisa ukushisa ukusuka ekhanda le-valve iye esiqwini ngomphumela wokunyakazisa we-sodium owuketshezi, futhi izuze ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngo-80º kuya ku-150ºC.

Engeza amazwana