Yini irediyetha futhi yenzelwe ini?

I-radiator iyingxenye yemoto efakwe egumbini lenjini. Inikeza ukupholisa kwenjini njalo.

Isebenza kanjani, yenzelwe ini, yiziphi izinhlobo zama-radiator akhona, kungani yehluleka, ungayinakekela kanjani nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani ukuguqulwa okuhle kakhulu? Ake sibhekane nayo yonke imininingwane ngokuningiliziwe.

Imiqondo ejwayelekile, inhloso

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, zonke izingxenye zayo zomshini ziyashisa. Kwamanye amagumbi, lesi sibalo sifinyelela ngaphezu kwamadigri ayikhulu. Futhi iyunithi eyinhloko, ezokwehluleka ngokushesha ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu, iyimoto.

Izingxenye ezihambayo zenjini kufanele zipholile ukuvimbela ukonakala. Ngalokhu, onjiniyela bomkhiqizi ngamunye wemoto bathuthukisa futhi bafaka uhlelo lokupholisa.

Irediyetha yokupholisa iyisishintshisi sokushisa sensimbi esigcwele i-antifreeze (noma i-antifreeze) ngaphakathi. Amapayipi enjoloba axhunywe kuwo, anamathiselwe entanyeni yemoto ehambisanayo.

Ukupholisa izimoto kusebenza ngokulandela le nqubo elandelayo. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi eqale ijikelezisa impompo yamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-antifreeze iqala ukujikeleza ohlelweni (kumbuthano omncane). Lapho izinga lokushisa ketshezi lifinyelela kuma-degree angama-80-90, i-thermostat iyaqala futhi kuvuleke isiyingi esikhulu sokujikeleza. Lokhu kuvumela injini ukuthi ifudumale ngokushesha ezingeni lokushisa olifunayo.

Ukugqwayiza okulandelayo kwe-3D kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani:

Uhlelo lokupholisa injini yemoto. Idivayisi ejwayelekile. Ukugqwayiza kwe-3D.

Izinhlobo nokuhlelwa kwama-radiator ezimoto

Noma iyiphi irediyetha yemoto izoba nedivayisi efanayo. Idizayini yale ngxenye izoba nezinto ezintathu:

• Isishintshi sokushisa;
• Uhlaka;
• Amapayipi okungena nokuphuma.

Umshini wokushisa umelelwa uhlelo lwamashubhu amancane (ngokuvamile i-aluminium, kodwa ama-analogue ethusi ayatholakala), lapho amapuleti amancane e-aluminium ahlanganiswa khona. Amapayipi okungena kanye ne-outlet aklanyelwe ukuxhuma i-radiator kumapayipi amakhulu wesistimu yokupholisa esetshenziswa kuyo.

Ngokuqondene nohlobo lwesishintshi sokushisa, kungase kube namashubhu noma amapuleti angenalutho. Uma amashubhu ayindilinga noma ayi-oval asetshenziswa kurediyetha, khona-ke ukuze kudluliswe ukushisa okungcono, amaphiko enziwe nge-aluminium foil eqinile aboshwe kuwo. Ama-radiators e-Lamellar awadingi amaphiko anjalo, ngoba ukuma komshini wokushisa ngokwawo kuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kokushisa okuphumelelayo. Phakathi kwezinketho ze-tubular, kunezinhlobo ezimbili:

• I-Tubular-lamellar. Ama-radiator anjalo aqukethe amashubhu amaningi anamapuleti aboshwe kuwo, ahlinzeka ngokudluliswa kokushisa okwengeziwe;
• I-tubular-tape. Lawa amashubhu afanayo anesigaba sesiphambano esisaqanda noma esiyindilinga, lapho amaribhoni enziwe ngensimbi ewugqinsi agoqwe abe yi-accordion. Lezi zinhlobo zama-radiator e-tubular zinendawo yokupholisa eyandayo, ngenxa yokuthi ukudluliswa kokushisa kwenzeka ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu.

Futhi, wonke ama-radiators ezimoto ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili ngokuya ngezinto zokwakha:

• Yenziwe ngethusi (noma i-alloy yethusi nethusi). Ama-radiators anjalo athuthukise ukudluliswa kokushisa ngenxa yezakhiwo zethusi ukuze akhiphe ngokuphumelelayo ukushisa nokushisa ngokushesha. Ububi bezinguquko ezinjalo yisisindo esikhulu nezindleko eziphezulu. Kodwa ama-radiator anjalo angalungiswa ngekhwalithi ephezulu.
• Kusuka ku-aluminium. Ama-radiators anjalo asetshenziswa kaningi ezimotweni ngenxa yesisindo esiphansi. Amashubhu ekuguqulweni okunjalo awathengiswa kumaphiko omshini wokushisa, futhi ibhulokhi ye-tube ivame ukumelwa yithubhu eyodwa, ebekwe ebhodini ngesimo senyoka.

Ama-radiators amaningi ezimoto aneshubhu brazed nomklamo webhande lensimbi. Amamodeli we-tubular-plate awavamile kakhulu emishinini, ngoba ahlinzeka ngokudluliswa kokushisa okungasebenzi kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho ze-tubular-tape.

Yini eyenzelwe emotweni

Injini yemoto isebenza ngokushisa uphethiloli kumasilinda. Ngenxa yalokho, zonke izingxenye zishisa kakhulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa lezinto zensimbi likhuphuka, ziyanda. Uma zingapholi, lokhu kuzoholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene kuyunithi yamandla, ngokwesibonelo, imifantu ekhanda lesilinda, kujakhethi yokupholisa, ukuguqulwa kwekhanda lesilinda, ukunwetshwa okwedlulele kwama-piston, njalonjalo. Ukungazinaki izinkinga ezinjalo kuzoholela ekulungisweni kwe-ICE okubizayo.

Ukusimamisa izinga lokushisa, wonke umuntu izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ekwakhiweni kwabo banebhantshi lokupholisa lapho uketshezi luzungeza ngosizo lwepompo. Isinqandi somoya esishisayo sondliwa ngomgwaqo omkhulu oya kwiradiator yemoto. Kuwo, uketshezi lupholile, bese lubuyela enjinini. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuba uyigcine ukushisa okusebenzayo kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Uma kwakungekho i-radiator ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokupholisa, uketshezi olukulo beluzobila ngokushesha. Emotweni le ngxenye ifakwe ngaphambili egumbini lenjini. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze umoya obandayo owengeziwe ungene endizeni yayo.

Ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kokushisa kuncike kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• inani lamashubhu - lapho kuningi, ingcono i-antifreeze izophola;
• Ukunqotshwa kwamashubhu - ukuma okusaqanda kwandisa indawo yokuxhumana nomoya, okwandisa ukudluliswa kokushisa;
• ukugeleza komoya okuphoqelelwe - kusebenza kakhulu kwimodi yokushayela emadolobheni;
• inhlanzeko - lapho imfucumfucu iba ningi phakathi kwamaphiko e-exchanger yokushisa, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuthi umoya omusha ungene emapayipini ashisayo.

Ngabe ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kuncike kuphi?

Okokuqala, ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kweyunithi yamandla kuncike ekutheni hlobo luni lokupholisa olusetshenziswa ohlelweni.

Izidingo eziyinhloko zala manzi zifaka:

1. Isipholisi kufanele sibe namandla okushisa aphezulu futhi kube nokufudumala okuhle.
2. Akufanele ubilise emazingeni okushisa aphansi, futhi futhi uhwamuke ngokushesha.
3. Akufanele kukhanye ngamazinga okushisa aphansi.
4. I-Antifreeze akufanele yenze inzika kanye nokufakwa ezindaweni ezingaphakathi zezinto zesistimu yokupholisa noma ngesikhathi sokushisa noma sokupholisa ngaphansi.
5. Ngokuxhumana isikhathi eside nezingxenye zensimbi, akumele yakhe ukugqwala.
6. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwalolu ketshezi akufanele kufake izinto ezichitha izinto zenjoloba.
7. Njengoba ukusakazwa kwesistimu kunikezwa yipompo ene-impeller, i-liquid akufanele igwebe.
8. Ngenxa yokuxhumana njalo nezinto ezishisayo zemoto, uketshezi lungashisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke akufanele luvuthe.
9.  Ngenxa yengcindezi ephezulu yohlelo lokupholisa, kuhlale kunethuba lokuxhamazela kulayini, ikakhulukazi esimweni samapayipi amadala, ngakho-ke uketshezi kufanele luphephe empilweni yomuntu.

Ngaphezu kwekhwalithi yesipholisi, lezi zinto ezilandelayo zithinta ukusebenza kahle kokugcina ukushisa kokusebenza kwenjini:

• Ubukhulu begridi ye-radiator. Umoya omncane ungena egumbini lenjini, kulukhuni ngokwengeziwe ukuthi uhlelo lunikeze ukupholisa okwanele kwenjini. kepha ebusika, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwemoto nakho akufuneki. Ngalezi zizathu, abakhiqizi bezimoto kufanele bafinyelele "ekuchazeni kwegolide" phakathi kobukhulu obukhulu nobuncane bokungeniswa komoya. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto, i-grille ye-radiator ifakwe izimbambo ezihambayo ezivula / zivala ukungena komoya egumbini le-injini. Lezi zinto ziqhutshwa ngogesi.
• Ubukhulu be-radiator heat exchanger. Njengoba i-radiator iyinto esemqoka ngenxa yokuthi i-antifreeze ejikeleza ohlelweni ipholile, ubukhulu bayo budlala indima enkulu ekupholiseni imoto. Ububanzi bomkhawulo wamaphiko kurediyetha nawo ubalulekile.
• Ukuhlanzeka kwerediyetha. Uma isikhala esiphakathi kwamashubhu namaphiko esishintshi sokushisa sigaxwe ngobumanzi, uthuli, amaqabunga nokunye ukungcola, umoya uzoba muncu ensimbini, futhi kuzoba kubi ukuwupholisa.

Idizayini ye-Radiator

Izinto okwenziwa ngazo ama-radiator ezimoto ziyinsimbi (i-aluminium noma ithusi). Izindonga ze-exchanger yokushisa zincane kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi i-antifreeze ngokushesha ikhipha izinga lokushisa layo futhi ipholile.

Idizayini yerediyetha iqukethe amashubhu amancane ashiselwe ndawonye ngokuma kukanxande. Lesi sici sibekwe emathangini amabili (elilodwa ethekwini, elinye esitolo). Ngokwengeziwe, amapuleti aboshelwe kumashubhu, okwandisa indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa. Umoya ugeleza phakathi kwezimbambo bese upholisa ngokushesha ingxenye yengxenye.

Zonke izishintshiseli zokushisa zinokuvuleka okubili: ukungena kanye nokukhipha. Amapayipi wesistimu axhunywe kuwo. Ukukhipha uketshezi emgodini, umshini wokushisa ufakwe ipulagi efakwe ezansi kwesakhiwo.

Uma imoto ihamba emgwaqeni omkhulu, kuba nokugeleza komoya okwanele okupholisa i-antifreeze ngokwemvelo (ukushaya izimbambo). Endabeni yokuhamba kwedolobha, ukuhamba komoya kuncane kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufakwa i-fan enkulu ohlelweni lokupholisa ngemuva kwe-radiator. Kumamodeli ezindala ezimoto, yayiqhutshwa ngqo yimoto. Izimoto zesimanje zifakwe uhlelo lokulawula amazinga okushisa okushisa okubandayo futhi, uma kunesidingo, lubandakanya ukuhamba komoya okuphoqelelwe.

Enziwa kanjani ama-radiator - bona ividiyo elandelayo:

Enziwa kanjani ama-radiator ezimoto

Izinhlobo zeradiator

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokushisa okushisa. Ngamunye wabo wenzelwe inhloso yakhe, kepha basebenza ngokulandela umgomo ofanayo - uketshezi luzungeza ngaphakathi kubo ukuqinisekisa ukushintshana kokushisa. Ama-heat exchange asetshenziswa kulezi zinhlelo zezimoto ezilandelayo:

• ukupholisa;
• Ukushisa;
• kwesimo sezulu.

Kunezigaba ezimbili zama-radiator asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimoto.

1. Isibani se-tubular. Lokhu ukuguqulwa okuvame kakhulu okutholakala ezimotweni ezindala. Isishintshisi sokushisa kuzo siqukethe amashubhu atholakala ngokuvundlile (isigaba esiyindilinga), okufakwa kuso amapuleti amancane. Ngokuvamile zenziwe nge-alloyum alloy. Lezi zinguquko zifakwe ezimotweni ezindala. Okubi kakhulu ukuhanjiswa okungafanele kokushisa ngenxa yendawo encane yokuxhumana nokugeleza komoya.
2. I-Tubular tape. Basebenzisa amashubhu amade (i-oval section), eligoqiwe ngendlela yekhoyili. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwazo zingaba ingxubevange yethusi neyethusi, noma i-aluminium. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kufakwe ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje. Amamodeli wethusi anokuhamba okuhle kakhulu kokushisa, kepha kubiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokupholisa luvame ukufakwa nozakwabo be-aluminium.

Phakathi kwesigaba sokuqala, kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zama-radiator. Lawa amamodeli wokuphasa kanye nokuphasa okuningi. Zihlukile komunye nomunye esimisweni sokusakazwa kwegazi.

• Indlela eyodwa. Okupholisayo kungena emgodini wokushisa wokushisa kusuka kolunye uhlangothi futhi kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezu kwawo wonke amashubhu. Banenkinga enkulu: i-antifreeze esemgodini isatshalaliswa ngokungalingani, ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kahle kokushintshaniswa kokushisa kulahlekile.
• Ukuphasa okuningi. Izinto zokupholisa zihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana. Lo mklamo wandisa ubude bomugqa wonke, okuthuthukisa inqubo yokudlulisa ukushisa.

Izidingo zobuchwepheshe

Njengoba inhloso ye-radiator ingukudlulisa ukushisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, le ngxenye yesistimu yokupholisa kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:

• Imelana nokusabela kwe-oxidative. Izindonga zomshini wokushisa zihlala zivezwe ezintweni ezinolaka (i-ethylene glycol, eyingxenye ebalulekile ye-antifreeze, ijwayele ukuthola izakhiwo ze-asidi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi). Uma i-radiator isezingeni eliphansi, khona-ke izowohloka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwethonya le-oxidative reaction, ngenxa yalokho ngeke ikwazi ukumelana nokucindezela ohlelweni lokupholisa, futhi kwezinye izimoto le parameter ikhuphukela kuma-atmospheres amathathu noma amane. .
• Ukumelana nomfutho ophezulu. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kwezinye izifunda zokupholisa, ingcindezi ye-antifreeze ikhuphukela ku-4 atm. Ukuze i-radiator entsha ikwazi ukumelana nomthwalo ophezulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo igcine ukuqina kwayo, ingxenye ihlolwe efektri ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-atmospheres engu-15.
• Ukumelana nokudlidliza. Kunoma iyiphi imoto, izingxenye zihlushwa ukundindizela njalo. Irediyetha ayihlukile. Irediyetha kufanele imelane nokundindizela okusuka ku-5 ukuya ku-35 hertz.
• Imelana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ngobusuku obuneqhwa (kuye ngokuthi isifunda), izinga lokushisa le-ambient lingehla liye ku--30 noma ngaphezulu, futhi ngenjini egijimayo, into epholile ingafudumala kufika ku-+115 noma ngaphezulu (kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwesistimu). amaconsi anjalo akufanele akhubaze i-radiator.

Izinketho ezingeziwe

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-radiator zinganikeza ukupholisa amasistimu amabili ahlukene emotweni ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isibonelo, amadivaysi anjalo ekwakhiweni kwawo angaba nesifunda esihlukile, isibonelo, ukupholisa uwoyela wokudlulisa we-othomathikhi.

Emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe ye-radiator, umenzi uzobonisa nakanjani uma ingxenye inomjikelezo wokupholisa owengeziwe wesistimu ehlukile. Uma imoto ifakwe air conditioning, khona-ke lesi simiso sisebenzisa exchanger ukushisa ngamunye, yingakho kungenakwenzeka ukufaka irediyetha ejwayelekile ukupholisa kwezinye izimoto. Kulokhu, abakhiqizi banikeza izishintshi zokushisa ezincane zesistimu yokupholisa injini.

Ngabe ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kuncike kuphi?

Isistimu yokupholisa injini evamile ngokuvamile ayidingi noma yikuphi ukukhohlisa ukuyithuthukisa. Kwezinye izimo, kunesizathu sokwenza izinguquko ezithile. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ebusika, ukuze injini ifudumale kangcono, abashayeli bafaka i-thermostat eshisayo evula izinga lokushisa elingu-+90 degrees.

Uma kushisa kakhulu ehlobo futhi imoto ijwayele ukubilisa i-antifreeze, khona-ke umshayeli angafaka i-thermostat ebandayo evula izinga lokushisa lika-+70 degrees ukuze injini ifinyelele izinga lokushisa eliphakeme isikhathi eside.

Kwezinye izimo, isistimu isebenza kahle kakhulu. Kodwa ekushiseni okukhulu, futhi i-radiator ikhona nje kuleli cala (ukupholisa i-antifreeze nokuvimbela injini ukuthi ingabilisi), i-motor ingase idlulele ngenxa yokudlulisa ukushisa okubi.

Ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kwe-antifreeze kuncike kulokhu:

• Ukupholisa imiklamo yerediyetha. Inombolo yamashubhu, impahla yawo, ingxenye yesiphambano samashubhu, indawo yamapuleti kumashubhu. Uma injini ivumela, khona-ke i-analogue yemigqa emithathu ingafakwa esikhundleni se-radiator yemigqa emibili. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukupholisa kwesistimu kuzokwenzeka ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu.
• Ukuvunguza okwenziwa kwesishintshi sokushisa. Lokhu kuyadingeka lapho imoto ihamba ngesivinini esiphansi, isibonelo, ku-toffee yedolobha. Ukuze kugeleze kahle umoya, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zabalandeli. Ezinye zazo zingasebenza ngezindlela ezihlukene zokuzungezisa kuye ngezinga elidingekayo lokupholisa. Inketho ephumelela kakhulu i-fan kagesi, ebangelwa iyunithi yokulawula noma inzwa yokushisa. Kukhona futhi amamodeli afakwe i-viscous clutch esebenza ezingeni lokushisa elithile, kodwa awasebenzi kangako.
• Ukuhlanzeka komshini wokushisa. Njengoba irediyetha itholakala ngaphambili kakhulu emotweni, inqwaba yothuli, amaqabunga kanye nezinye izibi emgwaqeni ingena emaphikweni ayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uthuli lwamaqabunga olungenangozi luphenduka ungqimba oluminyene lokungcola oluvala izikhala ezingenalutho phakathi kwamabhande okushintshanisa ukushisa. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuhamba komoya mahhala, ngenxa yokuthi injini izoshisa kakhulu, ngisho noma fan ihlale isebenza.

Ukulimala kuma-radiator: izimbangela, ukuvimbela

Njenganoma iyiphi ingxenye, irediyetha esemotweni nayo ingahluleka. Nazi izizathu ezinhlanu eziyinhloko.

1. Ukulimala kwemishini. Njengoba le ngxenye ifakwe phambi kwemoto, izinto zangaphandle zivame ukuwela kuyo. Isibonelo, kungaba ngamatshe avela emotweni ngaphambili. Ngisho nokushayisana okuncane okuvela emotweni kungalimaza i-radiator, kuphazamise ukuqina kohlelo lokupholisa.
2. I-Metal oxidation. Yize zonke izinto zomshini wokushisa zenziwe ngezinto ezingagqwali, ama-radiator awavikelekile ekwakhiweni kwesikali ngaphakathi kwezimbobo zawo. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwesipholisi esezingeni eliphansi, izingxenye zensimbi zemoto zingaxhuma, evala umugqa futhi ivimbele ukusakazwa kwamahhala kwe-antifreeze.
3. Ukugqoka okungokwemvelo nokudabukisa. Ukushisa njalo nokupholisa kuholela "ekukhathaleni" kwensimbi, okunciphisa amandla ayo. Ukuncipha endaweni yezakhiwo zenjini kubhubhisa imishini yokuxhuma, okungaholela ekuphepheni.
4. Ukucindezela komugqa okweqile. Uma kufakwe ipulaki esezingeni eliphansi ethangini lokukhulisa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-valve yokusiza ingcindezi iyeka ukusebenza. Ngenxa yokushisa kwe-antifreeze ekushiseni okungaphezu kwama-degree ayi-100, ivolumu ohlelweni iyakhula. Imvamisa, imiphambili yezakhi zepulasitiki iyaphambuka. Kepha izindonga zesishintshisi esidala sokushisa ziba mncane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ekucindezelekeni nasekuvuza.
5. Ukubandza okupholile. Lokhu kungenzeka esimweni sokusebenzisa i-antifreeze noma amanzi asobala. Emakhazeni, amanzi akhazimula futhi ande. Ukusuka kulokhu, imifantu ivela ezindongeni zamashubhu.

Iningi lalezi zinkinga lingavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuthibela. Ukwelula insizakalo yeredator, umnikazi wemoto angathatha lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo.

• Musa ukugcwalisa uhlelo ngamanzi ajwayelekile. Esimeni esiphuthumayo, ungasebenzisa i-distilled, kepha esikhathini esizayo esiseduze udinga ukuyishintsha ibe yi-antifreeze. Lolu ketshezi lubilisa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwe-115 degrees. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe i-lubricant, enomphumela omuhle empompini wempompo nakwezinye izingxenye zensimbi zohlelo.
• Shintsha i-antifreeze ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi lapho izinga lehla, yengeze. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kufanele kwenziwe okungenani ama-50-70 km. mileage (ye-antifreeze, lesi sikhathi sivela ku-000 ayizinkulungwane). Kepha uma isipholisi siguqule umbala waso saba mnyama, lokhu kuyisiginali ecacile yokugcinwa kwesistimu.
• Faka irediyetha eyenzelwe imodeli yemoto enikeziwe.
• Yenza ukugcinwa okujwayelekile kulolo lonke uhlelo lokupholisa.
• Gcina amaphiko esishintshisi sokushisa ahlanzekile.
• Ngesikhathi sokufaka esikhundleni se-antifreeze, ngezikhathi ezithile thambisa izindonga zangaphakathi zekhoyili.

Uyilungisa kanjani irediyetha

Kunezindlela eziningana zokulungisa ama-radiator wesistimu yokupholisa injini. konke kuya ngezinga lomonakalo. Kwezinye izimo, kuzokwanela ukusebenzisa ama-ejenti akhethekile okubekwa uphawu, kanti kokunye ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile.

Nakhu ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani i-radiator, kuya ngohlobo lomonakalo:

• Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle usebenzisa ama-auto sealants. Ngale nqubo, uzodinga ukuthenga i-glue-sealant ngothuli lwensimbi. Izimali ezinjalo zingaba yingxenye eyodwa noma ezimbili. I-metal sealant noma i-welding ebandayo elinye igama lemikhiqizo enjalo. Ukulungisa ngalezi zimali kunomthelela ekuvuza okuncane.
• Ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi usebenzisa i-chemical sealant. Izindlela ezihloselwe ukulungiswa okunjalo kungaba uketshezi noma i-powder. Njengasesimweni esedlule, zingasetshenziswa kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuvuza okuncane. Futhi, igebe noma imbobo ngemuva kokubuyiselwa okunjalo kubamba ingcindezi encane, ngakho-ke lokhu kuyindlela yesikhashana.
• Ukunamathisela i-radiator. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezedlule, le ndlela inokwethenjelwa, kepha kuzothatha isikhathi nemali eningi. Futhi uma kungekho okuhlangenwe nakho kokwenza lo msebenzi, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthole uchwepheshe. kepha ama-radiator e-aluminium awanakudonswa nge-soldering. Le ndlela ilungele ukulungisa okuhlukile kwethusi. Okuwukuphela kwento okuxwayisa ngayo ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-soldering kufanele kwenziwe ebangeni elifushane ukusuka kuseringering yasefektri ukuze umthungo ungancibiliki.
• Ipulagi ye-tube elimele. Le ndlela yokulungisa ilungele umonakalo omkhulu kodwa owenziwe endaweni. Kulokhu, amashubhu abhebhethwe ngezihlungi. Uketshezi luzoqhubeka nokuzungeza, kepha ngokuxineka okukhulu, ukuvuza ngeke kususwe ngokuphelele, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kwengxenye kuzoncipha kancane (lokhu kuya ngenani lamashubhu avinjiwe).

Indlela ebizayo kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela esimweni sama-radiator abizayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, akunasisekelo ukugoqa ingxenye, ikakhulukazi maqondana namamodeli we-aluminium. Isizathu ukuthi uma irediyetha ye-aluminium ivuza, emva kwesikhashana izodabula nakanjani.

Zonke izindlela zokulungisa ezingenhla, ngaphandle kwe-soldering, yizinyathelo zesikhashana. Banomphumela isikhashana, futhi noma kunjalo hhayi kuzo zonke izimo ngokususwa kokuvuza okungu-100%. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngesimo esiphuthumayo, lapho irediyetha iconsa emgwaqeni, futhi nesiteshi sezinsizakalo esiseduze kusesekude ukuba kwenziwe.

Yikuphi okungcono: ukulungisa noma ukushintsha

Bonke abashayeli bezimoto bangahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili. Abokuqala bakholelwa ukuthi ingxenye ehlulekile idinga ukushintshwa ngeyintsha. Lezi zamuva ziqinisekile ukuthi konke kungalungiswa. Futhi ukulungisa ama-radiator kuyisihloko esijwayelekile sokuphikisana.

I-Intanethi igcwele zonke izinhlobo zezeluleko zokuthi ungakulungisa kanjani ukuvuza kwakho. Abanye basebenzisa amakhompiyutha akhethekile. Abanye bagcwalisa uhlelo ngama-agent wokuvala amabhuloho. Kwesinye isikhathi ezinye izindlela zisiza ukwelula impilo yengxenye isikhashana. Kepha ezimweni eziningi, lezi zindlela zivimba kuphela uhlelo lokupholisa.

Kunengqondo ukulungisa amamodeli ethusi, ngoba alula ngokwanele kumthengisi. Endabeni yama-aluminium analog, isimo sehlukile. Zingathengiswa, kepha lokhu kuzobandakanya ukushisela okubizayo. Ngakho-ke, izindleko zokulungisa irediyetha evuzayo zizocishe zifane nentengo yengxenye entsha. Kunengqondo ukuvumelana nale nqubo kuphela esimweni semodeli ebiza ukushisa ebizayo.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukulungiswa kuyisilinganiso nje sesikhashana, ngoba umfutho ophakeme uhlala wakha njalo ohlelweni lokupholisa, okuzoholela ekucindezelekeni okuphindiwe kolayini. Uma ugcina uhlelo olufika ngesikhathi nokuhlanza uhlelo, imvamisa awudingi ukushintsha irediyetha. Ngakho-ke, lapho ingxenye iwohloka futhi okupholile okuthengelwe kuthelwe emhlabathini, kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni salolu phiko kunokulahla imali njalo uthenge enye i-canister.

Ungasebenza kanjani kahle?

Esinye sezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwerediyetha ukusigcina sihlanzekile nokuvikela ingcindezi eyeqile ohlelweni. Isici sesibili sincike esitsheni sethangi lokunweba.

Inqubo yokuqala inganweba impilo yale ngxenye. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele.

• Umakhi wenqabela ngokwezifiso ukusetshenziswa kwe-coolant esetshenzisiwe. Noma uyihlanza, isivele ilahlekelwe yimpahla yayo, ngakho-ke izobe isivele ingasizi ngalutho.
• Uma i-antifreeze ingcolile kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuthela entsha ohlelweni, kufanele ihlanzwe ngamanzi acolisisiwe (akunakusetshenziswa amanzi ajwayelekile). Aliqukethe usawoti nokungcola okungakha ngaphakathi kwekhoyili futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa.
• Lapho uhlanza ngaphandle, kubalulekile ukuthi unake ukuthi amaphiko wesishintshisi sokushisa mancane kakhulu ngakho-ke ngisho namandla amancane angawagoba. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kuzophazamisa ukushaywa kwemvelo kwamapayipi erediyetha. Uma inqubo yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-mini-washer, udinga ukulungisa ikhanda elincane. I-jet kufanele iqondiswe ngokungafani nezimpiko ukuvimbela ukungcola okuqoqiwe ekuthutheleleni emlilweni wokushisa. Ngemuva kwalokho ayinakuhlanzwa nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Kungani udinga ukugeza njalo i-radiator yokupholisa emotweni?

Njengoba ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kuncike ekuhlanzekeni kwe-radiator, umshayeli ngamunye udinga ukuqapha isimo sale ngxenye. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ekuqaleni kwenkathi, isibonelo, ngemva kobusika. Ngonyaka owodwa, amangqamuzana okushisa ukushisa ngeke abe nesikhathi sokuvala izinga elibucayi, kodwa uma imoto ishayela njalo emigwaqweni enothuli, isibonelo, ehlathini, i-radiator idinga ukuhlanzwa kaningi.

Kodwa ngaphezu kokuhlanzeka ngaphandle, i-radiator kufanele futhi ihlanzeke ngaphakathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuqapha ukushintshwa okufika ngesikhathi kwe-coolant futhi ungasebenzisi amanzi. Amanzi angakha isikali. Uma kuba kakhulu kumashubhu erediyetha, kulapho isipholile sizozungeza ohlelweni.

Lokhu kwenzeka uma umshayeli ethela izimali ohlelweni lwemvelaphi engaziwa okuthiwa luqeda ukuvuza kwe-radiator. Umoya ngokwawo ungase uvaleke, kodwa kwenzeka okufanayo ezingxenyeni ezincane zesistimu yokupholisa.

Ukunweba impilo yerediyetha: ukufutha ngaphandle nangaphakathi

Noma iyiphi imishini idinga ukunakekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Okufanayo kuya kuma-radiator okupholisa. Ukuze ingxenye isebenze isikhathi eside, kufanele ihlanzwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukungcola (kuluju lwezinyosi), kanye nokugeza izimbotshana zayo.

Kungcono ukuhlanganisa ukucisha i-radiator nokufakwa esikhundleni okuhleliwe kwe-antifreeze. Le ndlela yenziwa kanjani:

• Imoto kufanele ipholile ukuze ingcindezi kulayini yehle;
• Isipholisi siyakhanywa. Ukungcola kohlelo lokupholisa kungahlulelwa ngobumsulwa be-antifreeze.
• Ngemuva kwalokho uhlelo lugcwala ngokuphelele ngamanzi acwecwe. Ngomphumela omuhle kakhulu, ungangeza amaconsi ambalwa we-descaler kuwo (kepha kubalulekile ukuthi ayiqukethe i-asidi).
• Imoto iyaqala futhi kufanele igijime kuze kube yimizuzu engama-20.
• Amanzi okuhlanza akhishwa ohlelweni.
• Kuthelwa amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile futhi injini iyaqala.
• Inqubo iyaphindwa kuze kube yilapho amanzi akhanyisiwe ecacile.

Ngokuhlanzwa kwangaphandle, irediyetha kufanele inqanyulwe futhi isuswe emshinini. Njengoba amakhekheba ezinyosi erediyetha enziwe ngoqweqwe oluncane lwe-aluminium, lapho kusetshenziswa amabhulashi amabi, ingcindezi enamandla yamanzi nezinsipho ezinolaka, angakhubazeka, okuzokwenza ukuthi umoya ugelezele kokushintsha kokushisa kubi kakhulu.

Indlela yokugeza i-radiator yokupholisa imoto

Kungcono ukuhlanganisa i-radiator ngokufaka esikhundleni se-antifreeze. Ukulandelana komsebenzi imi kanje:

1. I-motor kumele ivunyelwe ukupholisa phansi ukuze ingashi ngesikhathi senqubo, futhi inciphise;
2. I-antifreeze ikhishwa ngompompi ku-radiator. Ngombala wesipholisi, ungahlola ukuthi uhlelo lungcolile kangakanani;
3. Amanzi acwengekile athululelwa (uma i-antifreeze ekhishiwe ingcolile). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulokhu, amanzi ajwayelekile awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ukuze isikali singakhi ngaphakathi kwamashubhu. Ngomphumela omuhle kakhulu, ungangeza amagremu ambalwa we-ejenti yokwehlisa i-asidi emanzini. Yi-ejenti engenayo i-asidi ezoba mnene ezintweni zepulasitiki nezenjoloba zalo lonke uhlelo. Futhi, ngeke zibangele ukugqwala ngaphakathi kurediyetha;
4. Injini iqala futhi isebenza imizuzu engu-15-20;
5. Injini iphazamisekile;
6. Imisele yamanzi. Uma ingcolile, inqubo kufanele iphindwe kuze kube yilapho amanzi ahlanzekile ephuma ngemuva kokugeza;
7. I-antifreeze entsha ithululelwa;
8. Ukuze kuqedwe izingidi zomoya, injini iyaqala, bese yengeza isinqanda-qhwa kuze kube yilapho izinga ethangini lokunweba liyeka ukwehla.

Ukuze uhlanze i-radiator yangaphandle, uzodinga ukuyihlehlisa. Amakhekheba oju ahlanzwa ngomfutho omncane wamanzi. Umfutho wamanzi kumele ube uphansi ukuze umfutho ungawohlozi amaphiko okushintshanisa ukushisa.

Iyiphi irediyetha engcono?

Ezimweni eziningi, impendulo yalo mbuzo incike emandleni emoto yomshayeli. Amamodeli we-Copper-brass abolekisa ekulungisweni okungabizi kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-analogs e-aluminium, anezakhiwo ezingcono zokudlulisa ukushisa (i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa yethusi ngu-401 W / (m * K), ne-aluminium - 202-236). Kodwa-ke, izindleko zengxenye entsha ziphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yentengo yethusi. Futhi enye inkinga ethile isisindo sayo esikhulu (cishe amakhilogremu ayi-15).

Ama-radiator e-Aluminium ashibhile, alula ngokuqhathaniswa nezinguqulo zethusi (cishe ama-5 kg), futhi impilo yenkonzo yawo yinde. Kepha azikwazi ukulungiswa kahle.

Kukhona enye inketho - ukuthenga imodeli yamaShayina. Zishibhile kakhulu kunengxenye yokuqala yemoto ethile. Inkinga enkulu kuphela iningi labo yimpilo yabo emfushane yesevisi. Uma i-radiator ye-aluminium ikwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yayo iminyaka eyi-10-12, i-analogue yaseChina incipha kathathu (iminyaka emi-4-5).

I-radiator iyavuza: yini okufanele uyenze

Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza okuzinzile kweyunithi yamandla kuya ngempilo ye-radiator. Uma phakathi nohambo umshayeli aqaphela ukuthi umcibisholo wesimiso sokupholisa izinga lokushisa uye ngqo kusibonisi esiphezulu, kubalulekile ukuma nokuhlola isimo serediyetha namapayipi.

Izimbangela zokuvuza kwe-radiator ohlelweni lokupholisa imoto

Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokulungisa izimo eziphuthumayo, udinga ukuthola ukuthi yini isizathu sokuvuza kwe-radiator. Lokhu kungaba ukuwohloka okuvela egatsheni noma etsheni. Futhi, uhlelo lungahle luvuze ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwesishintshisi sokushisa (ithubhu elincanyana eliqhekekile ngenxa yengcindezi ephezulu) noma ngenxa yokuguga komkhiqizo we-banal.

Imvamisa, ukulimala okuncane ku-radiator kunzima ukukubona. Bazenza bazizwe kaningi ngomzuzu ongafanele kakhulu - lapho imoto isebenza ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo. Ukuvuza okubuthakathaka kungabonakala kungabalulekanga kangako kumshayeli ukulungisa noma ukufaka i-radiator ngenye entsha. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqhekeka okuncane kuzophenduka ukuqhuma okukhulu.

Yini ingozi yokuvuza okuvimbela ukubanda okuvela ohlelweni lokupholisa imoto

Into yokuqala ukuvuza kwe-antifreeze okuholela kuyo ukushisa kakhulu kwemoto. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga le nkinga engaholela kuzo:

• Ku-deformation ye-cylinder block, ukuvela kwemifantu kuyo noma ukusonteka kwekhanda lesilinda;
• Emgqeni we-ICE;
• Ukuguqulwa noma ukuwohloka kwe-cylinder head gasket;
• Ukonakala ohlelweni lokupholisa nokwehluleka okuhambisana nezingxenye zalo.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lokuwohloka olwavela ngenxa yokushisa kakhulu kweyunithi yamandla, ukuqeda le miphumela kuyinqubo ebizayo.

Okufanele ukwenze uma irediyetha yokupholisa ivuza

Kulokhu, into yokuqala ukwenzela ukungabi bikho kokupholisayo. Eqinisweni, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukubheka isimo soketshezi lobuchwepheshe ngaphambi kohambo (ikakhulukazi olude). Lokhu kuzovimbela isimo esingajwayelekile endleleni.

Ungacabangi ukuthi amaconsi ambalwa we-antifreeze kwikhekhe lezinyosi ze-radiator yinkinga engabalulekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuwohloka okukhulu kuyakhiwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngenkathi imoto ihamba, umshayeli angahle angaboni ukulahleka kwe-antifreeze kuze kube yilapho injini ishisa kakhulu.

Uma umshayeli azi ukuthi irediyetha indala, futhi useqalile ukungena emgodini, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nepholiji entsha nawe. Ungathembeli kumalitha ayishumi nambili wamanzi ajwayelekile, ngoba angakha isikali. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, amanzi angahluziwe angafakwa ohlelweni. Kepha-ke uketshezi olunjalo ludinga ukushintshwa.

Ngemininingwane yokwehla nokugcinwa kwama-radiator, bona le vidiyo elandelayo:

Injini yokupholisa irediyetha. Ukungasebenzi kahle. Ukuhlanza.

Okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu kanye nokuvuza kwesistimu yokupholisa

Uma amapayipi adabukile aba yimbangela yokuvuza ohlelweni lokupholisa, khona-ke kufanele ashintshwe, futhi yonke isethi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma kwe-radiator, abanye abashayeli bezimoto bazama ukudayisa umkhiqizo. Kodwa ukulungiswa okunjalo kunengqondo uma i-radiator ibiza kakhulu futhi yenziwe ngethusi.

Ama-radiators e-aluminium edayisiwe awahlali isikhathi eside, ngoba indawo yokulungisa ayikubekezeleli ukucindezela okuphezulu ohlelweni, futhi ukuphinda kufakwe i-soldering nguchwepheshe omuhle ngokuphelele kungabiza kakhulu kunengxenye ngokwayo.

Uma isistimu yokupholisa injini icindezelekile emgwaqeni, khona-ke ngokugijima kancane, ungaqhubeka nokushayela esitolo esiseduze sezingxenye zezimoto noma esiteshini sesevisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uzodinga ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ume futhi ugcwalise ngamanzi a-distilled (uzodinga ukuthenga noma ukulondoloza kusengaphambili uma kukhona izinsolo zokuwohloka okuzayo).

Ngokuvuza okuphawulekayo kwe-antifreeze, akusizi ukufaka amanzi, futhi kuyingozi ukuqhubeka nokushayela. Ukushisa okweqile kwenjini kuleli cala kuzoholela ekulahlekeni okukhulu komshayeli ukuze alungiswe kakhulu. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukushayela iloli lokudonsa bese uya esiteshini sesevisi.

Ungavala kanjani izingxenye zesistimu yokupholisa yepulasitiki evuzayo

Ukwakhiwa kwamanye ama-radiators kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise amapayipi epulasitiki (i-inlet noma i-outlet). Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungathenga kusengaphambili i-adhesive-sealant enezingxenye ezimbili. Kubashayeli abaningi bezimoto, leli thuluzi laziwa ngokuthi ukushisela okubandayo.

Ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo enjalo kungase kuhlanganise izinhlayiya ezincane zensimbi, okuqinisekisa amandla aphezulu we-patch. Ukuze ulungise i-elementi yepulasitiki ephukile, kufanele:

1. Uma kunesidingo, susa i-radiator;
2. Hlanza futhi ukhiphe amafutha endaweni elungisiwe;
3. Hlanganisa izithako ezimbili. Ngokuyisisekelo banesakhiwo se-plasticine, esiqina ngemva kwesikhashana. Ezinye izinto zingabholwa, zifakwe intambo, noma zifakwe kufayili ngemva kokuqina;
4. I-homogeneous mass isetshenziswa ekuqhekekeni. Ukuze kube nomphumela omuhle kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukwelapha indawo enkulu kunomonakalo ngokwawo.

Ngemuva kokucubungula umonakalo, impahla kumele yomiswe. Kuma-sealant amaningi alolu hlobo, imizuzu emithathu kuya kwemihlanu yanele. Ukuqina okugcwele kuzoba ngemuva komkhawulo wosuku.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthungatha ama-radiator e-aluminium nokuthi ungakwenza kanjani

Ama-radiators e-aluminium angadayiswa, kodwa le nqubo idla isikhathi futhi idinga ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe obuthile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuqedwa kokuvuza kwesishintshi sokushisa esinjalo kufanele kunikezwe uchwepheshe.

Ukuze wenze i-aluminiyamu ye-solder ngendlela efanele, udinga ukuthenga insimbi enamandla, ebiza kakhulu. Ngaphambi komsebenzi, i-soldering iron kufanele ifudumale kahle. Okufanayo kufanele kwenziwe ngezindonga ze-radiator.

Ngaphambi kokuthungatha i-heatsink, indawo eyonakele idinga ukuhlanzwa kahle, okungaba nzima kakhulu uma imbobo yakhiwe ekhoneni noma ku-tube eduze kwangaphakathi kwesishintshi sokushisa. Ukuze i-patch ibambe ngokuqinile, i-solder kufanele ibe nenani elikhulu le-tin.

Ukwenza kahle le nqubo, i-radiator kufanele ikhishwe emshinini. Ngemva kokuqedwa kokulungiswa kwesishintshi sokushisa, isistimu yokupholisa igcwaliswa nge-antifreeze entsha.

Ukuqedwa kokuvuza kwe-antifreeze ohlelweni lokupholisa usebenzisa i-sealant ekhethekile

Uma ukuvuza okuncane kuvele ku-radiator, khona-ke kungaqedwa ngaphandle kokudiliza isishintshi sokushisa kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa odla isikhathi. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa i-sealant evela ku-Liqui Moly (Kuhler-Dichter). Imikhiqizo enjalo iyakwazi ukuvala insimbi ene-porous, imifantu emincane nama-fistula amancane. Ziyahambisana nezinye izithasiselo futhi azisabeli nazo.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-sealant enjalo, kuyadingeka ukucacisa: imikhiqizo enjalo isebenza kuphela uma kwenzeka umonakalo omncane. I-ejenti eshiwo iqukethe imvuthu yepulasitiki kusixazululo se-monoethylene glycol. Iyancibilika emanzini. Lapho uthintana nomoya kanye nokucindezela kwehla, into ipholisa endaweni evuzayo.

Ngokungafani namakhambi esintu afana neqanda elimhlophe noma lwesinaphi esomile, lesi sivalo asivimbi imigudu emincane yebhantshi lokupholisa injini. Kungaba unomphela ohlelweni lokupholisa. I-polymerization yayo yenzeka kuphela lapho kukhona ukucindezela okukhulu nokuxhumana nomoya-mpilo.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Le vidiyo ikhombisa inqubo yokunamathisela i-heatsink ye-aluminium:

Indlela yokufaka i-radiator ekhaya

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yini irediyetha emotweni? Irediyetha yisishintshisi sokushisa esinamashubhu angenalutho ngaphakathi lapho kuzungezisa okupholisa injini. Lapho injini isebenza, amaphampu apompa okupholisa kusuka ebhantshi lokupholisa injini kuya kurediyetha futhi okuphambene nalokho. Le ngxenye yenzelwe ukupholisa i-antifreeze noma i-antifreeze ukuze imoto ingashisi kakhulu. Enye i-analogue isetshenziswa ohlelweni lokushisa imoto. Le radiator iphinde ixhunywe ohlelweni lokupholisa injini, kuphela kulokhu kusetshenziswa ukushisa okuphuma esithumeni sokushisa ukufudumeza igumbi labagibeli. Amanye ama-system nawo afakwe i-radiator, isibonelo, ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo ezimotweni eziningi nakho kufakwe irediyetha yokupholisa.

Ikuphi i-radiator emotweni? Njengoba ukuze kuphole kahle uketshezi olushintshanisa ukushisa, kufanele luhlale lushaywa umoya, kuyasebenza kakhulu ukuthi le ngxenye iphambi komshini. I-radiator yokushisa ingafakwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomshini. Kuya ngemodeli yemoto. Kwezinye izimo, le nto itholakala ngaphansi kwesikrini sangaphambili ngemuva kwedeshibhodi, kwezinye - engxenyeni engezansi ngemuva kwesikhungo se-console. Kukhona izimoto lapho kufakwa khona i-radiator yesifudumezi egumbini lenjini.