Injini enama-stroke amabili emotweni

Umhlaba wezimoto ubone intuthuko enkulu ye-powertrain. Abanye babo baqhwaqa ngesikhathi ngenxa yokuthi umklami wayengenayo indlela yokuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ubuchopho bakhe. Ezinye zabonakala zingasebenzi, ngakho-ke intuthuko enjalo yayingenakusasa elithembisayo.

Ngaphezu kwe-inline yakudala noma injini emise okwe-V, abakhiqizi baphinde bakhiqiza izimoto ezineminye imiklamo yamayunithi kagesi. Ngaphansi kwesigqoko samamodeli athile umuntu angabona Injini yeWankel, umshayisibhakela (noma umshayisibhakela), i-hydrogen motor. Abanye abenzi bezimoto basengasebenzisa amandla we-powertrains anjalo kumamodeli abo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuguqulwa, umlando uyazi ama-motors angajwayelekile ajwayelekile (amanye awo isihloko esihlukile).

Manje ake sikhulume ngenjini enjalo, cishe lapho kungekho noyedwa wabashayeli ahlangana nayo, uma kungenjalo ukukhuluma ngesidingo sokugunda utshani ngomshini wokugunda utshani noma ukusika isihlahla nge-chainsaw. Lena iyunithi yamandla okushaywa unhlangothi. Ngokuyinhloko, lolu hlobo lwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi isetshenziswa ezimotweni, emathangini, ezindizeni ze-piston, njll., Kepha kuyaqabukela ngokweqile ezimotweni.

Futhi, izinjini ezinama-stroke amabili zithandwa kakhulu ku-motorsport, njengoba lezi zingxenye zinezinzuzo ezinkulu. Okokuqala, zinamandla amakhulu okufuduka okuncane. Okwesibili, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwawo okwenziwe lula, lawa ma-motors awasindi. Lezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwezemidlalo ezinamasondo amabili.

Cabanga ngezici zedivayisi yokuguqulwa okunjalo, nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuzisebenzisa ezimotweni.

Iyini injini enezinhlangothi ezimbili?

Ngokokuqala ngqá, i-patent yokwenziwa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi yomugqa ongashisi kabili yavela ekuqaleni kwawo-1880. Ukuthuthukiswa kwethulwe ngunjiniyela uDouglad Clerk. Idivayisi yengqondo yakhe yayihlanganisa amasilinda amabili. Omunye wayeyisisebenzi, kanti omunye wayephonsa inqwaba yokubambisana kwezempi nobuchwepheshe.

Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 kwavela ukuguqulwa nge-blowdown yegumbi, lapho kwakungasekho khona i-piston yokukhipha. Le moto yaklanywa nguJoseph Day.

Ngokufana nalezi zintuthuko, uKarl Benz wazakhela eyakhe igesi, ilungelo lobunikazi lokukhiqizwa kwalo kwavela ngo-1880.

I-dvigun yokushaywa unhlangothi okubili, njengoba negama layo lisho, kwesinye isikhathi se-crankshaft yenza konke ukushaywa okudingekayo ekunikezelweni nasekushiseni kwenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya, kanye nokususwa kwemikhiqizo yomlilo ohlelweni lokukhipha imoto . Leli khono linikezwa ngesici sokuklanywa kweyunithi.

Esikhathini esisodwa se-piston, imivimbo emibili yenziwa ku-cylinder:

1. Lapho i-piston isezansi nendawo efile, isilinda iyahlanzwa, okungukuthi, imikhiqizo yomlilo iyasuswa. Lesi sifo sihlinzekwa ngokufakwa kwengxenye entsha ye-BTC, efaka ukukhipha endaweni yokuqhuma. Okwamanje, kunomjikelezo wokugcwalisa ikamelo ngengxenye entsha ye-VTS.
2. Ukunyuka esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile, i-piston ivala indawo yokungena kanye ne-outlet, eqinisekisa ukucindezelwa kwe-BTC esikhaleni esingenhla se-piston (ngaphandle kwale nqubo, amandla omlilo asebenzayo engxenyeni kanye nokukhishwa okudingekayo kwamandla kagesi akunakwenzeka). Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye eyengeziwe yenhlanganisela yomoya nophethiloli imuncwa emgodini ngaphansi kwepiston. Ku-TDC yepiston, kwenziwa inhlansi ekhanyisa ingxube kaphethiloli womoya. Isifo esisebenzayo siqala.

Lokhu kuphinda umjikelezo wemoto. Kuvela ukuthi ngokushaywa unhlangothi kabili, konke ukushaywa kwenziwa ngemivimbo emibili ye-piston: ngenkathi yehla yenyuka.

Idivayisi yenjini enezinhlangothi ezimbili?

Injini yakudala yomlilo yangaphakathi enezinhlangothi ezimbili iqukethe:

• UCarter. Le yingxenye eyinhloko yesakhiwo, lapho i-crankshaft ilungiswa khona ngamabhere ebhola. Ngokuya ngosayizi weqembu le-cylinder-piston, kuzoba nenani elihambisanayo lama-cranks ku-crankshaft.
• Piston. Lesi isiqeshana esisesimweni sengilazi, esinanyathiselwe kwinduku yokuxhuma, efana naleyo esetshenziswa ezinjini ezine-stroke. Inemisele yezindandatho zokucindezelwa. Ukusebenza kahle kweyunithi ngesikhathi somlilo we-MTC kuncike ebuningini bepiston, njengakwezinye izinhlobo zama-motors.
• Inlet futhi esidayisa. Zenziwe enjini yangaphakathi yomlilo uqobo, lapho kutholakala khona izinqwaba zokudla nezokukhipha. Ayikho indlela yokusabalalisa igesi enjinini enjalo, ngenxa yokuthi ukushaywa okubili kungasindi.
• I-Valve. Le ngxenye ivimbela ingxube yomoya / kaphethiloli ukuthi ingaphonswa emuva kumgudu wokungenisa weyunithi. Lapho i-piston iphakama, kwenziwa i-vacuum ngaphansi kwayo, ihambisa i-flap, lapho ingxenye entsha ye-BTC ingena emgodini. Ngokushesha nje lapho kuba nokushaywa unhlangothi kokusebenza (kwahlakazwa inhlansi kwavutha ingxube, kwahanjiswa i-piston esikhungweni esiphansi esifile), le valve iyavala.
• Izindandatho zokucindezela. Lezi yizingxenye ezifanayo nakwezinye izinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo. Ubukhulu babo bukhethwe ngokuqinile ngokobukhulu bepiston ethile.

Idizayini ye-Hofbauer yokushaya unhlangothi

Ngenxa yezithiyo eziningi zobunjiniyela, umqondo wokusetshenziswa kokushintshwa unhlangothi okubili ezimotweni zabagibeli ubukade ungenzeki kuze kube muva nje. Ngo-2010, kwaba nentuthuko kule ndaba. I-EcoMotors ithole utshalomali oluhloniphekile kuBill Gates naseKhosla Ventures. Isizathu sokulahlwa okunjalo kwaba ukwethulwa kwenjini yokuqala yesibhakela.

Yize ukuguqulwa okunjalo kube khona isikhathi eside, uPeter Hofbauer udale umqondo wokushaywa unhlangothi okubili okusebenze kumgomo webhokisi lomdlalo wamanqindi wakudala. Le nkampani ibize umsebenzi wayo ngokuthi i-OROS (ihunyushwa ngokuthi amasilinda aphikisiwe nama-piston aphikisayo). Iyunithi enjalo ayikwazi ukusebenza kuphela kuphethiloli, kodwa nakudizili, kepha unjiniyela usezinze kuphethiloli oqinile.

Uma sibheka ukuklanywa okudala kokushaywa unhlangothi okubili kulo mqondo, ngombono kungasetshenziswa ekuguqulweni okufanayo futhi kufakwe kumgibeli wemoto enamasondo ama-4. Bekungenzeka ukube bekungekho ngamazinga ezemvelo kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zikaphethiloli. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini evamile yangaphakathi yomlilo ongashaywa kabili, ingxenye yenhlanganisela yomoya-mafutha iyasuswa ethekwini lokukhipha umoya phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanza. Futhi, ngenkathi kusetshenziswa umlilo we-BTC, uwoyela nawo uyashiswa.

Ngaphandle kokungabaza okukhulu konjiniyela abavela kubakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili, injini yeHofbauer yavula ithuba lokuthi imivimbo emibili ingene ngaphansi kwezikhwama zezimoto zikanokusho. Uma siqhathanisa ukuthuthuka kwayo nomshayi sibhakela odala, umkhiqizo omusha ulula ngamaphesenti angama-30, ngoba ukwakheka kwawo kunezingxenye ezimbalwa. Iyunithi iphinde ikhombise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okusebenza kahle ngenkathi isebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nomshayi wesibhakela onama-stroke amane (ukwanda kokusebenza kahle ngaphakathi kwamaphesenti ayi-15-50).

Imodeli yokuqala yokusebenza ithole ukumakwa kwe-EM100. Ngokusho komthuthukisi, isisindo semoto singu-134 kg. Amandla ayo angama-325 hp kanti i-torque ingu-900 Nm.

Isici sokuklanywa kwesibhakela esisha ukuthi ama-piston amabili atholakala kwisilinda esisodwa. Zibekwe ku-crankshaft efanayo. Ukushisa kwe-VTS kwenzeka phakathi kwabo, ngenxa yokuthi amandla akhishwe ngasikhathi sinye athinta womabili ama-piston. Lokhu kuchaza i-torque enkulu kangaka.

Isilinda esiphambene senziwe ngendlela yokuthi senziwe ngokulingana nesinye esiseduze. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft ebushelelezi ngaphandle kokudlikiza nge-torque ezinzile.

Kule vidiyo elandelayo, uPeter Hofbauer uqobo ukhombisa ukuthi imoto yakhe isebenza kanjani:

injini ye-opoc ukuthi isebenza kanjani.mp4

Ake sihlolisise ukwakheka kwangaphakathi nohlelo lomsebenzi jikelele.

I-Turbocharging

Turbocharging unikezwa impeller on the shaft lapho motor kagesi efakwe. Yize izosebenza ngokwengxenye ukusuka ekusakazweni kwegesi yokukhipha, impeller eshajwe ngogesi ivumela impeller ukuthi isheshe futhi ikhiqize umfutho womoya. Ukunxephezela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kokuphotha impeller, le divayisi ikhiqiza ugesi lapho ama-blade engaphansi kwengcindezi yegesi. I-elekthronikhi ibuye ilawule ukuphuma kwe-exhaust ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Le nto ekushayweni unhlangothi okubili iyimpikiswano. Ukuze udale ngokushesha umfutho womoya odingekayo, imoto kagesi izodla inani elifanele lamandla. Ukwenza lokhu, imoto yesikhathi esizayo, ezosebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, kuzofanele ifakwe i-generator namabhethri asebenza kahle ngokwengeziwe ngomthamo owandayo.

Kusukela namhlanje, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kukagesi kusesephepheni. Umkhiqizi uthi lolu hlelo luthuthukisa ukukhishwa kwamasilinda ngenkathi kukhulisa izinzuzo zomjikelezo wokushaywa unhlangothi ezimbili. Ngokwethiyori, lokhu kufakwa kukuvumela ukuthi uphinde umthamo wamalitha weyunithi uma uqhathaniswa nozakwabo abanesifo sohlangothi abane.

Ukwethulwa kwemishini enjalo nakanjani kuzokwenza ukuthi indawo yokutshala ugesi ibize kakhulu, yingakho kusashibhile ukusebenzisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi enamandla futhi eyisiminzi kunomshayisibhakela omusha osindayo.

Izinduku zokuxhuma zensimbi

Ngokwakhiwa kwayo, leyunithi ifana nezinjini ze-TDF. Kuphela kulokhu kuguqulwa, ama-piston esiphikisayo awanyakazisi ama-crankshafts amabili, kepha eyodwa ngenxa yezinduku ezinde zokuxhuma zama-piston angaphandle.

Ama-piston angaphandle enjinini afakwa ezindongeni zokuxhuma zensimbi ezinde ezixhunywe ku-crankshaft. Ayitholakali emaphethelweni, njengasekuguqulweni okudala kwe-boxer, okusetshenziselwa imishini yezempi, kepha phakathi kwamasilinda.

Izakhi zangaphakathi nazo zixhunywe kumshini we-crank. Idivayisi enjalo ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe amandla amaningi kunqubo yokushisa yomxube womoya-uphethiloli. Imoto iziphatha sengathi inezikhonkwane ezihlinzeka ngokwanda kwe-piston stroke, kepha ishafti icwecwe futhi ayisindi.

I-Crankshaft

I-Hofbauer motor ine-modular design. I-elektroniki iyakwazi ukucisha amanye amasilinda, ukuze imoto ibe ukonga ngokwengeziwe lapho i-ICE ingaphansi komthwalo omncane (ngokwesibonelo, lapho uhamba ngomgwaqo oyisicaba).

Ezinjini ezi-4-stroke ezinomjovo oqondile (ngemininingwane yezinhlobo zezinhlelo zokujova, funda kokunye ukubuyekeza) ukuvalwa kwamasilinda kuqinisekiswa ngokumisa ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli Kulokhu, ama-piston asanyakaza kumasilinda ngenxa yokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Abashisi nje uphethiloli.

Ngokuqondene nokuthuthukiswa okusha kukaHofbauer, ukuvalwa kwamapayipi amasilinda kuqinisekiswa nge-clutch ekhethekile efakwe ku-crankshaft phakathi kwamabili ahambisanayo we-cylinder-piston. Lapho imodyuli inqanyuliwe, i-clutch imane inqamule ingxenye ye-crankshaft ebhekele lesi sigaba.

Njengoba ukuhambisa ama-piston ngenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi eyi-2-stroke yangaphakathi yomlilo ngejubane elingenzi lutho kusazoncela engxenyeni entsha ye-VTS, kulokhu kuguqulwa le mojula iyeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele (ama-piston ahlala engasebenzi). Ngokushesha nje lapho umthwalo kuyunithi yamandla ukwanda, ngesikhathi esithile bamba ixhuma isigaba esingasebenzi se-crankshaft, futhi imoto inyusa amandla.

Isilinda

Ngenkathi yokungenisa umoya oyindilinga, ama-valve akudala ama-2-stroke akhipha ingxenye yenhlanganisela engashiswanga emoyeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimoto ezifakwe iyunithi yamandla enjalo azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zemvelo.

Ukulungisa lokhu kusilela, unjiniyela wenjini ephikiswa unhlangothi-mbili waklama umklamo okhethekile wamasilinda. Zinezindawo zokungena nezitolo, kepha indawo ezikuyo inciphisa ukukhishwa okuyingozi.

Isebenza kanjani injini yomlilo yangaphakathi evuthayo kabili

Okuhlukile kokuguqulwa kokushaywa unhlangothi okumbili ukuthi i-crankshaft ne-piston zisemgodini ogcwele ingxube kaphethiloli womoya. Kufakwa i-valve yokufaka. Ukuba khona kwayo kukuvumela ukuthi udale ingcindezi emgodini ngaphansi kwepiston lapho iqala ukuya phansi. Leli khanda lisheshisa ukuhlanzwa kwesilinda futhi likhiphe ukuphuma kwegesi.

Njengoba i-piston ihamba ngaphakathi kwesilinda, ivula ngokuhlukile / ivale indawo engenayo nephumayo. Ngalesi sizathu, izici zokwakhiwa kweyunithi zenza kube lula ukungasebenzisi indlela yokusabalalisa igesi.

Ukuze izinto ezihlikihlayo zingagugi ngokweqile, zidinga ukuthambisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Njengoba la ma-motor enesakhiwo esilula, ancishwa uhlelo lokuthambisa oluyinkimbinkimbi olwaluzoletha uwoyela kuzo zonke izingxenye zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngalesi sizathu, amanye uwoyela wenjini wengezwa kuphethiloli. Ngenxa yalokhu, umkhiqizo okhethekile usetshenziselwa amayunithi wokushaya kabili. Le nto kufanele igcine ukuthambisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi lapho ishiswa kanye nophethiloli, akumele ishiye amakhabhoni.

Yize izinjini ezinama-stroke amabili zingakutholanga ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ezimotweni, umlando uyazi izikhathi lapho izinjini ezinjalo zazitholakala ngaphansi kwesigqoko samaloli athile (!). Isibonelo salokhu iyunithi yamandla kadizili we-YaAZ.

Ngo-1947 kwafakwa amaloli kadizili angu-7-cylinder edizayini yalolu hlobo kumaloli angama-200-YaAZ-205 ne-YaAZ-4. Ngaphandle kwesisindo esikhulu (cishe ama-800 kg.), Iyunithi ibinokunyakaza okuphansi kunezinjini eziningi zangaphakathi zomlilo zezimoto zabagibeli ezifuywayo. Isizathu ukuthi idivayisi yalokhu kuguqulwa ifaka imiphini emibili ejikeleza ngokuvumelanayo. Le ndlela yokulinganisa yanciphisa ukunyakaza okuningi enjinini, okwakungakhubaza masinyane umzimba weloli wokhuni.

Imininingwane eyengeziwe ngokusebenza kwama-motor-stroke motors ichazwe kuvidiyo elandelayo:

2 UBUCHULE. Ake sizame ukuqonda ...

Lapho imoto yesifo sohlangothi eshaywayo idingeka khona?

Idivayisi yenjini engu-2-stroke ilula kune-analogue engu-4-stroke, ngenxa yokuthi isetshenziswa kulezo zimboni lapho isisindo nevolumu kubaluleke kakhulu kunokusebenzisa uphethiloli neminye imingcele.

Isibonelo, lawa ma-motors afakwa kuma-mowers otshani obunamasondo angasindi nakushunqi wezandla wabalimi. Ukuphatha imoto esindayo ezandleni zakho kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusebenza engadini. Umqondo ofanayo ungalandelwa lapho kwenziwa ama-chainsaws.

Ukusebenza kwayo kahle futhi kuya ngesisindo sokuthuthwa kwamanzi nangomoya, ngakho-ke abakhiqizi bayayeka ekusebenziseni uphethiloli omkhulu ukuze bakhe izakhiwo ezilula.

Kodwa-ke, ama-2-tatniks awasetshenziswa kuphela kwezolimo nakwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Kwezemidlalo yemoto / yemoto, isisindo sibalulekile njengakuma-glider noma emshinini wokugunda utshani. Ukuze imoto noma isithuthuthu sikhule ngesivinini esikhulu, abaklami, abakha izimoto ezinjalo, basebenzisa izinto ezingasindi. Imininingwane yezinto ezisetshenziswayo lapho kwenziwa khona izidumbu zemoto ichaziwe lapha... Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lezi zinjini zinenzuzo ngaphezu kozakwabo abanesisindo esingu-4 esindayo nobuchwepheshe.

Nasi isibonelo esincane sokusebenza kokuguqulwa kokushaywa unhlangothi okubili kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kwezemidlalo. Kusukela ngo-1992, ezinye izithuthuthu zisebenzise i-Japanese Honda NSR4 500-cylinder V-type-stroke engine emijahweni yezithuthuthu iMottoGP. Ngomthamo wamalitha angu-0.5, le yunithi yathuthukisa amandla amahhashi angama-200, kanti i-crankshaft yaphindela ekuvukeleni okuyizinkulungwane eziyi-14 ngomzuzu.

I-torque ingu-106 Nm. kufinyelelwe kakade ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-11.5. Isivinini esiphakeme ingane enjalo ekwazile ukusikhulisa saba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-320 ngehora (kuya ngesisindo somgibeli). Isisindo senjini ngokwaso sasingu-45kg kuphela. Ikhilogremu elilodwa lesisindo semoto lisebenza cishe ihhashi elilodwa nengxenye. Izimoto eziningi zezemidlalo zizomona lokhu kulinganiselwa kwamandla kuya kusisindo.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-engine-stroke kanye ne-four-stroke engine

Umbuzo uthi kungani-ke, umshini ungeke ube neyunithi ekhiqiza kangaka? Okokuqala, i-classic-stroke emibili iyunithi elichitha kakhulu kukho konke okusetshenziswa ezimotweni. Isizathu salokhu izici ezikhethekile zokuhlanzwa nokugcwaliswa kwesilinda. Okwesibili, maqondana nokuguqulwa kwemijaho efana ne-Honda NSR500, ngenxa yama-revs aphezulu, impilo yokusebenza kweyunithi incane kakhulu.

Izinzuzo zophiko lwe-2-stroke ngaphezulu kwe-analogue engu-4-stroke zifaka:

• Ikhono lokususa amandla kusuka kwenye inguquko ye-crankshaft liphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.7-XNUMX kunaleyo ekhiqizwa yinjini yakudala enomshini wokusabalalisa igesi. Le pharamitha ibaluleke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe basolwandle obusezingeni eliphansi namamodeli ezindiza ze-piston.
• Ngenxa yezici zokwakheka kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, inezilinganiso ezincane nesisindo. Le pharamitha ibaluleke kakhulu ezimotweni ezilula njengama-scooter. Ngaphambilini, ukufakwa ezimotweni ezincane kwafaka amayunithi anjalo kagesi (imvamisa yawo ibingadluli ku-1.7 litres). Ekushintsheni okunjalo, kwanikezwa ukushaywa kwegunjana. Ezinye izinhlobo zamaloli nazo zinezinjini ezinama-stroke amabili. Ngokuvamile umthamo wezinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo ubuncane wawungamalitha ayi-4.0. Ukushaywa kokuguqulwa okunjalo kwenziwa ngohlobo lokugeleza okuqondile.
• Izingxenye zazo ziguga kancane, ngoba izakhi ezihambayo, ukufeza umphumela ofanayo nakuma-analog-4-stroke, zenza ukunyakaza okuphindwe kabili (imivimbo emibili ihlanganiswe ngesifo esisodwa se-piston).

4-unhlangothi motor

Naphezu kwalezi zinzuzo, ukuguqulwa kokushaywa unhlangothi okubili kunezingqinamba ezinkulu, ngenxa yalokho okungakasebenziseki ezimotweni. Nayi eminye yale mibi:

• Izinhlobo zeCarburetor zisebenza ngokulahleka kwenkokhiso entsha ye-VTS ngesikhathi sokuhlanzwa kwegumbi lesilinda.
• Ku-4-stroke version, amagesi e-exhaust asuswa ngezinga elikhulu kune-analogue ebhekiwe. Isizathu ukuthi ngokushaywa unhlangothi okungu-2, i-piston ayifinyeleli esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile ngesikhathi sokuhlanzwa, futhi le nqubo iqinisekiswa kuphela ngesikhathi sokushaywa kwayo okuncane. Ngenxa yalokhu, enye inhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya ingena emaphepheni e-exhaust, futhi amanye amagesi okukhipha umoya ahlala esilinda uqobo. Ukwehlisa inani likaphethiloli ongashiswanga ku-exhaust, abakhiqizi banamuhla benze ukuguqulwa ngohlelo lokujova, kepha noma kunjalo kulokhu akunakwenzeka ukususa ngokuphelele izinsalela zomlilo ku-cylinder.
• Lawa ma-motors alambile amandla kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinguqulo ze-4-stroke ezinokufuduka okufanayo.
• Kusetshenziswa ama-turbocharger asebenza kahle ukuhlanza amasilinda ezinjinini zomjovo. Kuma-motors anjalo, umoya udliwa kabili nengxenye kuya kokuphindwe kabili. Ngalesi sizathu, ukufakwa kwezihlungi zomoya ezikhethekile kuyadingeka.
• Lapho ufinyelela i-rpm ephezulu, i-2-stroke unit ikhiqiza umsindo ongaphezulu.
• Babhema kakhulu.
• Ngezikhathi eziphansi, bakhiqiza ukudlidlizela okunamandla. Akukho mehluko ezinjinini eziyilinda elilodwa ezinemivimbo emine noma emibili kulokhu.

Ngokuqondene nokuqina kwezinjini ezinama-stroke amabili, kukhona umbono wokuthi ngenxa yokuthambisa okungalungile zihluleka ngokushesha. Kodwa, uma ungacabangi ngamayunithi ezithuthuthu zezemidlalo (izinguquko ezinkulu zikhubaza izingxenye ngokushesha), khona-ke umthetho obalulekile usebenza kumakhenikhi: indlela elula yokwakhiwa komshini, izohlala isikhathi eside.

Izinjini ezinama-4-stroke zinenombolo enkulu yezingxenye ezincane, ikakhulukazi kumshini wokusabalalisa igesi (ukuthi isikhathi se-valve sisebenza kanjani, funda lapha), engaphuka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi akumile kuze kube manje, ngakho-ke ngubani owaziyo ukuthi iyiphi intuthuko kule ndawo ezokwenziwa onjiniyela. Ukuvela kokuthuthuka okusha kwe-injini enama-stroke amabili kunikeza ithemba lokuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, izimoto zizohlonywa ngama-powertrains alula futhi asebenza kahle.

Ekuphetheni, siphakamisa ukuthi kubhekwe enye inguquko yenjini enama-stroke amabili nama-piston aqondana. Kuliqiniso, lobu buchwepheshe abunakubizwa ngokuthi buqhamuka nezinto ezintsha, njengakwinguqulo kaHofbauer, ngoba izinjini ezinjalo zangaphakathi zomlilo zaqala ukusetshenziswa emuva ngawo-1930 kwezempi. Kodwa-ke, ezimotweni ezilula, izinjini ezinjenge-2-stroke azikasetshenziswa:

Injini Yesitimela Emangalisayo Yesitimela 2018

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Isho ukuthini i-2 stroke engine? Ngokungafani nenjini ye-4-stroke, yonke imivimbo iqedwa ngokuguqulwa okukodwa kwe-crankshaft (imivimbo emibili iqedwa nge-piston stroke eyodwa). Kuyo, inqubo yokugcwalisa isilinda kanye nokungenisa umoya wayo kuhlangene.

Igcotshwa kanjani injini enama-stroke amabili? Ukugcotshwa kwazo zonke izindawo zangaphakathi ezihlikihlayo zenjini kwenziwa ngenxa yamafutha kuphethiloli. Ngakho-ke, uwoyela kule moto kumele uhlale uphezulu.

Isebenza kanjani i-2 stroke engine? Kule njini yomlilo yangaphakathi, imijikelezo emibili ivezwe ngokucacile: ukucindezelwa (i-piston ithuthela ku-TDC bese ivala kancane kancane kuqala i-purge bese ivala iwindi lokukhipha umoya) kanye ne-stroke esebenzayo (ngemuva kokuthungela i-VTS, i-piston ithuthela ku-BDC, ivula amafasitela okuhlanza afanayo).