Kumiselela uphawu lwangaphambilini nolwasemuva lwamafutha we-crankshaft

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, injini yemoto ibekezelela imithwalo ehlukahlukene ngokuhlukahluka okungaguquki kwezindlela zokusebenza. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, ukunciphisa okukhulu ukungqubuzana, ukuguga kwezingxenye, kanye nokugwema ukushisa ngokweqile, kusetshenziswa uwoyela okhethekile wenjini. Amafutha kumotho ahlinzekwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi, amandla adonsela phansi kanye nokuchaphazeka. Umbuzo ophusile ngowokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukuqinisekisa ukucinana kwenjini ukuze uwoyela ungaphumi kuyo? Kulokhu, kunezimpawu zamafutha ezifakiwe, okokuqala, ngaphambili nangemuva kwe-crankshaft. 

Esihlokweni sizocubungula izici zokuklanywa kwezimpawu zikawoyela ze-crankshaft, sinqume izimbangela nezici zokugqoka kwazo, futhi sithole nokuthi ungazishintsha kanjani lezi zimvu zamanzi uwoyela.

Incazelo kanye nokusebenza kophawu lwamafutha we-crankshaft

Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwenjini yemoto, ukugcotshwa okuphezulu nokuqhubekayo kwezingxenye zokuhlikihla kuyadingeka. Enye yezinto eziyinhloko zenjini yi-crankshaft, zombili iziphetho zazo eziphumela ngaphandle. I-crankshaft igcotshwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, okusho ukuthi i-seal yekhwalithi ephezulu iyadingeka nhlangothi zombili. Izigxivizo zikawoyela zisebenza njengalezi zimpawu. Sekukonke, izimpawu ezimbili zisetshenziswa:

• ingaphambili, imvamisa lincane, lifakwa ngemuva kwe-crankshaft pulley esembozweni sangaphambili. Ingahlanganiswa nepompo kawoyela;
• okusemuva kuvame ukuba kukhulu. Kutholakala ngemuva kwe-flywheel, kwesinye isikhathi kuyashintsha nesembozo se-aluminium, kunikeza ukuqina ngaphandle kokuvumela uwoyela ungene ezindlini zokubamba noma ku-gearbox.

Kubukeka kanjani nokuthi kufakwe kuphi

I-Fluoroelastomer noma i-silicone isetshenziswa njengezinto zokwenziwa. Ngaphambilini, ukupakisha ibhokisi kwakusetshenziswa njengophawu lwangemuva lwamafutha, kepha linamandla okudlulisa uwoyela lapho injini isebenza ngejubane eliphezulu. Ukuma kwezimpawu zamandla ka-oyela kuyindilinga, futhi izinto ezingenhla ezenziwe ngazo zivumela ukungalahlekelwa ukuqina ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi. Ububanzi bendlala kumele bube bokuthi buhambisane kahle nobuso kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. 

Futhi, izimpawu zikawoyela zingafakwa kuma-camshafts uma ziqhutshwa ibhande. Imvamisa, uphawu lwoyela lwe-camshaft lusayizi ofanayo nophawu lwamafutha lwangaphambili lwe-crankshaft.

Kubalulekile, lapho uthenga izimvu ezintsha zikawoyela, ukukhetha abakhiqizi bekhwalithi, futhi uqaphele amaphuzu alandelayo:

• ubukhona besiphethu ngaphakathi kwendlala;
• kufanele kube khona ama-notch onqenqemeni, abizwa nge- "oyela-distilling", futhi futhi avikele othulini ongena onqenqemeni impela;
• ama-notches ku-gland kufanele aqondiswe lapho kujikelezwa khona kushaft.

 Ukugqokwa kophawu lwe-crankshaft kawoyela: izimbangela nemiphumela

Ngokwemithethonqubo, isilinganiso sempilo yesevisi yezimpawu zamafutha singamakhilomitha angaba ngu-100 000, inqobo nje uma imoto yayisebenza ezimweni ezijwayelekile, futhi igcinwa ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi injini ayizange isebenze ekushiseni okubucayi.

Ziyini izimbangela zokwehluleka kophawu lwamafutha:

• ukulimala kophawu lwamafutha ngenxa yokushintsha kukawoyela kungalindelekile noma ukungena kwezinhlayiya ezincane zangaphandle ezithuthwa ngoyela, kulimaze ubuso besigxivizo sikawoyela;
• ukushisa kwenjini noma ukusebenza kwayo isikhathi eside ezingeni lokushisa elibucayi. Lapha ibhokisi lokuhlohla liqala “ukuthena” kancane, futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, lilahlekelwa ukuqina kwalo, uwoyela uqala ukuvuza;
• umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphansi. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ikhwalithi yalokho okusetshenziswayo, ukusetshenziswa kwentwasahlobo ebuthakathaka, izinothi ezingasetshenziswanga kahle kanye nesimo esikhubazekile sophawu lukawoyela uqobo, olungahambi eduze kwe-crankshaft flange;
• ngenxa yengcindezi eyandisiwe ohlelweni lokuthambisa (inani elikhulu lamagesi we-crankcase), kanye nezinga likawoyela eliphakeme ngokweqile likhipha izingqinamba zikawoyela, ngoba uwoyela awunandawo ongaya kuyo, futhi ingcindezi iphuma endaweni esengozini kakhulu, kepha uma izimvu zamanzi zikakhwalithi ephezulu, khona-ke uwoyela ungaphuma kuma-gaskets ;
• ukufakwa okungalungile kophawu olusha lwamafutha. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, kufanele ufunde imiyalo yokufaka ukuze ingaphakathi lingadli. Ngendlela, kunezimpawu zamafutha zeTeflon, ukufakwa kwazo okudinga amakhono adingekayo namathuluzi akhethekile, kepha ngaphezulu kwalokho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umphumela oyinhloko wokugqokwa kwe-crankshaft oil seal ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela. Uma uphawu lwamafutha lujuluka kuphela, khona-ke ungakwazi ukusebenzisa imoto isikhathi esithile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukushintshwa okuphuthumayo kophawu lwamafutha kuyadingeka. Ngaphezu kokuthi izinga likawoyela elinganele liyilimaza ngokuqondile futhi linciphisa impilo yezingxenye zokuhlikihla, uwoyela ungcolisa indawo yenjini, ulimaza isevisi kanye nebhande lesikhathi, okungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu.

Ukuhlonza ukuvuza kukawoyela ngezimpawu zamanzi zika-crankshaft

Ezinye izinjini esezivele zisuka ekhilomitha lokuqala zisebenzisa inani elithile lamafutha elibekwe yimithetho yomkhiqizi. Ngemuva kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 000, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kukhuphukela ku-1 litre ngebanga elingu-10000 km, nakho okubhekwa njengokujwayelekile. 

Okokuqala, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngendlela yokuhlola indawo yenjini ngokuvuza, uma izinga likawoyela lehla ngokusolisayo. Uma injini isebenza, sinaka umbala we-exhaust, uma ingekho grey, sivale injini, sivule isivalo serediyetha noma ithangi lokunweba, bese sithatha into epholile njengesampula. Uma i-antifreeze iphunga njengamafutha, futhi i-emulsion yamafutha nayo ikhona, i-cylinder head gasket cishe izoguga.

Uma zingekho izizathu ezibonakalayo zokusebenzisa uwoyela, siphakamisa imoto ku-lift futhi siyihlole kusukela ngaphambili nangemuva. Ukuvuza kwamafutha ngaphansi kwezimpawu kuzenza kuzwakale ngokuvuza kwekhava yangaphambili, kanye nokuba khona kwamabala kawoyela ezingxenyeni ezilengayo, njengoba uwoyela ephalaza lapho efika ebhandeni. Ukugqokwa kwesigxivizo sikawoyela sangemuva kunzima kakhulu ukukuhlonza, njengoba uphawu lwawoyela we-gearbox input shaft lukhona kule ndawo. Ungakwazi ukunquma ukuvuza kwe-sealant ethile ngephunga, ngoba injini namafutha okudlulisela ahluke kakhulu ngephunga (eyesibili iphunga likagalikhi).

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukunquma indawo yokuvuza, kufanele ugeze injini, ushayele inani elithile lamakhilomitha uphinde uphinde uhlole iyunithi endaweni yezimpawu.

Kumiselela uphawu lwangaphambili lwamafutha + Ividiyo

Ukuze ungene esikhundleni se-crankshaft seal yaphambili, kufanele ubeke amathuluzi amancane, ama-dags ahlanzekile, i-degreaser (ungasebenzisa i-carburetor cleaner). Ngokuya ngezici zenjini, inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni sophawu lukawoyela ingahluka. Ngokwesibonelo sethu, ake sithathe imoto emaphakathi nenjini eguqukayo.

Inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokususa uphawu lwangaphambili lwamafutha:

• shintsha i-lever yesi-5 yegiya bese ufaka imoto kubhuleki lesandla;
• ngaphambi kokukhipha isondo langakwesokudla, noma ukuphakamisa imoto ku-lifti, udinga ukucela umsizi wakhe ukuthi acindezele ibhuleki kuze kube yilapho ususa i-crankshaft pulley nut;
• susa isondo ngokuvula ukufinyelela ku-pulley;
• ngokuya ngohlobo lokungezwani kwebhande lensizakalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulisuse (ngokudonsa i-tensioner noma ukukhulula i-generator);
• uma injini ine-timing drive drive, udinga ukuqaqa igiya le-crankshaft;
• kuzwane lwe-crankshaft, njengokuvamile, kukhona ukhiye, ozophazamisa ukuqaqa nokusebenza komhlangano. Ungayisusa usebenzisa i-forceps noma impintshisi;
• manje, lapho uphawu lukawoyela luphambi kwakho, udinga ukuhlanza indawo ye-crankshaft ngesifutho esikhethekile, futhi uhlanze zonke izindawo ezingcolile nezinamafutha nge-rag;
• sisebenzisa i-screwdriver, sihlola uphawu lukawoyela bese siyalususa, ngemuva kwalokho siphathe isihlalo ngesihlanza sefutha;
• uma sinophawu lukawoyela olujwayelekile, khona-ke sigcoba indawo yokusebenza ngamafutha enjini, bese sifaka uphawu olusha lwamafutha, futhi uphawu oludala lwamafutha lungasetshenziswa njengekheji;
• ingxenye entsha kufanele ilingane ngokuqinile, qiniseka ukuthi uqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye yangaphakathi (onqenqemeni) ayigoqeki, ngemuva kokufakwa uphawu lukawoyela akufanele luphumele ngale kwendiza yesembozo semoto sangaphambili;
• khona-ke inhlangano yenziwa ngokulandelana okuphambene, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuletha ileveli kawoyela ejwayelekile bese uqala injini, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile uhlole ukuqina.

Ukuqonda okuphelele kwenqubo yokufaka esikhundleni sophawu lukawoyela lwe-crankshaft langaphambili, ngincoma ukuthi ufunde le vidiyo elandelayo.

esikhundleni se-crankshaft oil seal vaz 8kl

Ukushintshwa kophawu lwangemuva lwamafutha + Ividiyo

Ngokungafani nokushintsha ingaphambili, ukushintsha uwoyela ongemuva kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, lokhu kudalwa ukuthi lokhu kuzodinga ukuqaqa u-gearbox, i-clutch kanye ne-flywheel. Ngincoma ngokuqinile ukuthi uthenge ngokushesha i-input shaft oil seal ukuze esikhathini esizayo ungadingi ukukhipha i-gearbox ngokuqondile ukuze uyishintshe. 

Inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni se-oyili eyinhloko ye-crankshaft:

• silungisa ithuluzi elidingekayo, silahle ukuphela okungalungile ebhethri bese silungiselela ukuqaqa u-gearbox;
• sinqamula indlela yokukhetha igiya noma isilinda esisebenza ngamabhuleki ezindlini zebhokisi lamagiya;
• sidabula inathi yesondo, siphakamisa imoto ekukhuphukeni, noma uma usemgodini, siphakamisa uhlangothi oludingekayo futhi sisuse isondo langaphambili langakwesokunxele;
• khipha isikebhe se-nut nut, bese unqamula ibhola eliphethe isigwedlo, bese uhambisa iqaqa lokuqondisa ohlangothini ukuze ukhulule umphini we-asi;
• ukudiliza ama-semiaxis kwenziwa ngokuwukhipha ku-gearbox;
• ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinzwa nokunye okunamathiselwe kunqanyuliwe ekudlulisweni, qhubeka nokunqamula ukudluliswa kuphuma kuyunithi yamandla;
• uqaqa wonke amabhawodi webhokisi lamagiya avela enjinini (okungenani i-10), sisebenzisa ibha yokuphamba sidonsa u-gearbox bese siyikhipha esihlalweni. Lokhu kuzodinga okungenani umsizi oyedwa, ngoba isisindo sebhokisi lamagiya okungenani singama-30 kilograms;
• ngemuva kokukhipha u-gearbox, gxila esimeni se-shaft shaft oyili yokufaka, bese ukhetha ukufaka esikhundleni sayo, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu zokufogobala, kepha ibanga lemoto linqobile uphawu lwamakhilomitha ayi-100;
• lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukususa ubhasikidi kanye ne-clutch disc, enamathiselwe ngemishudo engu-6 ku-flywheel;
• ngemuva kokuqaqa iphakethe le-clutch, phambi kwethu kuvela iflwishi, nayo efakwe kwi-crankshaft flange enamabhawodi ayisithupha aqinisiwe, futhi ukuze uyiqaqe, kuyadingeka ukulungisa i-flywheel ukuze ugweme ukujika;
• ngokuqaqa iflwwishi sifika kusibonakaliso sangemuva samafutha se-crankshaft. Ngokuya ngomklamo, uyashintshwa njengengxenye eseceleni ehlukile, noma ngokuhlangana nensimbi yensimbi. Senza izinyathelo ezifanayo zokuhlanza isihlalo, sisuse uphawu lwamafutha ngendlela efanayo neyangaphambili bese sifaka entsha ngendlela efanayo;
• ukufakwa okuqhubekayo kwenziwa ngokulandelana okuphambene nalokho.

Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okucacile kokufaka esikhundleni sikawoyela ongemuva we-crankshaft, bheka le vidiyo.

Esikhundleni semuva kawoyela uphawu crankshaft VAZ-2101-2107 injini.

Izici zokufaka uphawu lwe-Teflon crankshaft seal

Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zamafutha ezivamile ze-fluororubber, kukhona ama-analogues, izindleko zazo ezidlula izikhathi ezingu-1.5-2 - izimpawu zamafutha ezinendandatho yeTeflon. Okukhethekile kokufaka uphawu olunjalo lwamafutha ukuthi lufakwe kuphela endaweni ehlanzekile futhi ngosizo lwe-mandrel ekhethekile ephazamisayo. Ngemuva kokufakwa, udinga ukulinda amahora angu-4, ngesikhathi lapho uphawu lwamafutha "luzohlala phansi" lulodwa, into esemqoka ukungajikelezi i-crankshaft ngalesi sikhathi. 

Uzozishintsha nini izimvu zamanzi zikawoyela

Izimpawu zika-oyela zithathelwa indawo ezimweni ezintathu:

• ukushisa okukhulu kwemoto;
• ukuvuza okuningi kukawoyela nangaphansi kwezimpawu zamafutha;
• ukulungiswa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Kubalulekile ukuthenga izimpawu zamandla kawoyela. Uma kukhulunywa ngophawu lukawoyela olungaphambili, ama-analogs afana no-Elring noGlaser angasetshenziswa, ngoba lapho kulula ukuwafaka esikhundleni. Uphawu lwangemuva lwamafutha, kungakuhle ukuthi uthenge umkhiqizo wokuqala, kepha intengo ephezulu yenza abashayeli ukuthi bayeke ukukhetha i-analogue, engahle iphenduke esikhundleni esingahlelwanga se-oyili eyinhloko.

 Ake sibambe imiphumela

Ngakho-ke, izigxivizo zikawoyela we-crankshaft ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile eziqinisekisa ukuqina kwesistimu yokugcoba futhi ivikele ama-crankshaft flange othulini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isikhathi sokuvuza kwamafutha ngaphansi kwezivalo ukuze injini ingalimali ngenxa yamazinga kawoyela anganele. Kwanele ukuhlola injini ngeso lengqondo ukuvuza kukawoyela nokupholisa ku-MOT ngayinye ukuze uhlale uqiniseka emotweni yakho. 

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ungashintsha nini uphawu lwamafutha e-crankshaft yangaphambili? Ukuphila okujwayelekile kokusebenza kwezimpawu zamafutha e-crankshaft cishe iminyaka emithathu, noma lapho i-mileage yemoto ifinyelela amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100-150. Uma zingavuzi, kusanconywa ukuthi zifakwe esikhundleni sazo.

Iphi i-front crankshaft oil seal? Lesi wuphawu lwe-crankshaft oluvimbela ukuvuza kukawoyela. Uphawu lwamafutha lwangaphambili lutholakala ku-crankshaft pulley ohlangothini lwejeneretha kanye nebhande lesikhathi.

Kungani i-crankshaft oil seal yangaphambili ivuza? Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuguga kwemvelo. Ukuphumula isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle ebusika. Amaphutha okukhiqiza. Ukufakwa okungalungile. Ingcindezi yegesi ye-crankcase eyeqile.