Umehluko phakathi kwenjini kagesi nenjini yokushisa

Yini umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwenjini yokushisa nenjini kagesi? Ngoba uma isazi sithola lo mbuzo uqonde ngqo, iningi lama-newbies cishe lizoba nemibuzo ngalo ... Kodwa-ke, ngeke sikhawulelwe ekubukeni nje injini, kodwa futhi sizotadisha ngokushesha ukuhambisa ukuze siqonde kangcono ifilosofi. lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zobuchwepheshe.

Bheka futhi: Kungani izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zishesha kangcono?

Imiqondo eyisisekelo

Okokuqala, ngithanda ukukukhumbuza ukuthi amandla enjini kanye namanani we-torque, ekugcineni, idatha ehlukanisiwe kuphela. Ngempela, ukusho ukuthi izinjini ezimbili amandla 200 hp. kanye ne-torque engu-400 Nm kuyafana, empeleni akulona iqiniso… 200 hp kanye ne-400 Nm kuphela amandla aphezulu anikezwa yilezi zinjini ezimbili, hhayi idatha egcwele. Ukuze uqhathanise lezi zinjini ngokuningiliziwe, amandla/amajika etorque ngayinye adinga ukuqhathaniswa. Ngoba ngisho noma lezi zinjini zinezici ezifanayo, okungukuthi amandla afanayo neziqongo ze-torque, zizoba namajika ahlukene abulalayo. Ngakho-ke ijika le-torque lenye yezinjini ezimbili lizoba phezulu ngokwesilinganiso kunenye ngakho-ke lizosebenza kahle kakhudlwana naphezu kokuthi zazibukeka zifana ephepheni... amandla afanayo, nakuba ngiyavuma ukuthi isibonelo esinikezwe lapha asiphelele (i-torque ephezulu izohluka kakhulu, ngisho noma amandla azo zombili izinjini afana).

Funda futhi: Umehluko phakathi kweTorque namandla

Izingxenye nokusebenza kwama-motors kagesi nawokushisa

Imoto kagesi

Ake siqale ngento elula kunazo zonke, imoto kagesi isebenza ngenxa yamandla kagesi, okungukuthi "amandla kazibuthe" kulabo abangawuqondi ngokugcwele umqondo. Eqinisweni, usuvele ukwazile ukuthi uthando lungadala amandla kwenye i-magnet lapho zixhunywe ndawonye, ​​futhi impela, imoto kagesi isebenzisa le yokugcina ukuhamba.

Yize le mfundo ihlala ifana, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-motors kagesi: i-DC motor, i-AC motor ehambisanayo (i-rotor ephotha ngejubane elifanayo nelamanje elinikezwe amakhoyili), ne-AC asynchronous (i-rotor ephotha kancane okuthunyelwe manje). Ngakho-ke, kukhona nama-motor abhulashiwe futhi angashaywa, kuya ngokuthi ngabe i-rotor iheha ijusi (uma ngihambisa uzibuthe eduze kwayo, noma ngingaxhumani nayo, ijusi ivela kokuqukethwe) noma idluliswa (lapho ngidinga khona ukujova ngokomzimba ujusi ungene esondweni futhi ngakho-ke ngakha isixhumi esivumela ukuthi i-rotor ihambe: ibhulashi elihlikihlayo futhi livumele ijusi lidlule njengesitimela lixhunywe ezintanjeni zikagesi ezivela ngenhla zisebenzisa i-levers ebizwa nge-pantograph).

Ngakho-ke, imoto kagesi iqukethe inani elincane kakhulu lezingxenye: "i-Rotor ejikelezayo" ejikeleza ku-stator. Enye iheha amandla kagesi lapho i-current iqondiswa kuwo, kanti enye iphendula la mandla ngakho-ke iqala ukuzungeza. Uma ngingajovi okwengeziwe manje, amandla kazibuthe ngeke esanyamalala ngakho-ke akukho okunye okuzonyakaza.

Okokugcina, unikezwa ngogesi, ukushintshana kwamanje (ijusi iya emuva naphambili) noma iyaqhubeka (kunalokho ishintshana yamanje ezimweni eziningi). Futhi uma imoto kagesi ingathuthukisa i-600 hp, ngokwesibonelo, ingahlakulela i-400 hp. kuphela uma ingatholi amandla anele ... Ibhethri elibuthakathaka kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, lingakhawulela ukusebenza kwenjini futhi kungenzeka lingasebenzi. ukwazi ukuthuthukisa wonke amandla akhe.

Bheka futhi: isebenza kanjani imoto yemoto kagesi

Injini yokushisa

Injini yokushisa isebenzisa ukusabela kwe-thermodynamic. Ngokuyinhloko, isebenzisa ukunwetshwa kwamagesi ashubile (omunye angasho nokuthi, avuthayo) ukushintshanisa izingxenye zemishini. Ingxube kaphethiloli ne-oxidizer ibhajwe egumbini, konke kuyasha, futhi lokhu kubangela ukwanda okunamandla kakhulu ngakho-ke ingcindezi enkulu (umgomo ofanayo weziqhumane ngoJulayi 14). Lokhu kunwetshwa kusetshenziselwa ukuzungezisa i-crankshaft ngokufaka uphawu amasilinda (ukuminyana).

Bheka futhi: umsebenzi wenjini yokushisa

Injini yokuhambisa i-VS injini yokushisa

Njengoba ngokungangabazeki uyazi, izinjini zikagesi zingagijima ngejubane eliphakeme kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lesi sici saqinisekisa onjiniyela ukuthi balahle u-gearbox (kusekhona ukwehliswa, noma kunalokho kuncishiswe, ngakho-ke umbiko), okwenza inqubo inciphise izindleko nobunzima bemoto (ngakho-ke ukuthembeka). Qaphela, kepha, ukuthi okulandelayo kufanele kulethe umbiko wesibili ngezizathu zokusebenza kahle nokushisa kwezimoto, lokhu kuyasebenza naseTaycan.

Ngakho-ke, kunenzuzo enkulu lapha njengoba injini yokushisa izomosha isikhathi sigudluza amagiya ngebhonasi eyengeziwe ye-torque encishisiwe.

Ngakho-ke, ekululameni, lokhu futhi kuyinzuzo, ngoba sihlala sikwimodi kagesi kwirekhodi elihle, ngoba munye kuphela. Emshinini oshisayo, kuzodingeka ukuthi kutholakale imishini efaneleke kakhulu bese uvumela u-gearbox ukuthi akwenze ngokuzenzakalela (ukukhahlela phansi ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza), futhi lokho kuchitha isikhathi.

Ukufingqa, singasho ukuthi imoto kagesi inamandla noma ijika le-torque elilodwa lapho ishesha, kanti injini yokushisa izoba neziningana (kuya ngenani lamagiya), igxume isuke komunye iye komunye ngenxa yebhokisi likamagiya.

Injini yamandla kagesi VS injini yokushisa

Izinto ezishisayo nezikagesi azigcini ngokuhluka kakhulu ekudluliseni, kepha futhi azinazo izindlela ezifanayo zokudlulisa amandla ne-torque.

Imoto kagesi inebanga elibanzi kakhulu ngoba ingathatha isivinini esiphakeme kakhulu ngenkathi igcina i-torque namandla amakhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ijika layo le-torque liqala phezulu futhi liyehla kuphela. Ijika lamandla likhuphuka ngokushesha okukhulu bese liwa kancane kancane njengoba ukhuphukela ephuzwini.

INJINI IKHAVA LOKUVUTHA

Nali ijika lenjini yokushisa yakudala. Imvamisa, itorque namandla amaningi kuphakathi nendawo ebangeni le-rev (kuyahlobene, bheka isixhumanisi ekuqaleni kwesihloko). Enjinini ene-turbocharged, lokhu kwenzeka phakathi nendawo, nasenjinini eshisekela ngokwemvelo, ukuya phezulu kwe-tachometer.

IKHAVA LEZIMOTO ZOMBANE

Injini yokushisa inejika elihluke ngokuphelele, elinetorque ephezulu namandla athuthukiswe engxenyeni encane yohla lwe-rev. Ngakho-ke sizoba no-gearbox ukuze sisebenzise lesi siqongo samandla/i-torque kuso sonke isigaba sokukhuphuka kwerempu. Isivinini esijikelezayo (isivinini esikhulu) sinqunyelwe ukuthi sibhekene nezingxenye zensimbi ezisindayo futhi ukufuna imvamisa yemoto iphakeme kakhulu kubeka engcupheni izingxenye ezingase zijikeleze (isivinini esithe xaxa sandisa ukungqubuzana) ngakho-ke ukushisa okungenza izingxenye. “okuthambile” ngenxa “yokuncibilika” okuncane). Ngakho-ke, sinomshini wokushintsha uphethiloli (umkhawulo wokuthungela) kanye nemvamisa yomjovo olinganiselwe kumadizili.

Kukhulunywa nje, injini yokushisa inejubane eliphezulu elingaphansi kwama-8000 rpm, kanti imoto kagesi ingafinyelela kalula ku-16 rpm ngamazinga amahle we-torque namandla kulo lonke lolu hlu. Injini yokushisa inamandla amakhulu ne-torque kuphela ebangeni elincane lejubane lenjini.

Umehluko owodwa wokugcina: uma sifika ekugcineni kwamajika kagesi, siyaqaphela ukuthi awa ngokungazelelwe. Lo mkhawulo uhlobene nemvamisa ye-AC ehlotshaniswa nenani lezigxobo zezimoto. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho ufinyelela isivinini esiphezulu, ngeke ukwazi ukusedlula, njengoba imoto idala ukumelana. Uma silidlula leli jubane, sizoba nebhuleki enamandla yenjini ezongena endleleni yakho.