Iyini ibhulokhi yenjini?

Iyini ibhulokhi yenjini (futhi yenzani)?

Ibhulokhi yenjini, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cylinder block, iqukethe zonke izingxenye ezinkulu ezakha ingxenye engaphansi yenjini. Lapha i-crankshaft iyazungeza, futhi ama-piston ehla enyuka kuma-cylinder bores, abaswa ukusha kukaphethiloli. Kweminye imiklamo yenjini, iphinde ibambe i-camshaft.

Ivamise ukwenziwa nge-aluminium alloy ezimotweni zesimanje, ngokuvamile ezenziwe ngensimbi ezimotweni ezindala namaloli. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwensimbi kuyinikeza amandla kanye nekhono lokudlulisa kahle ukushisa kusuka ezinqubweni zomlilo kuya ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lokupholisa. I-aluminium block ngokuvamile ine-iron bushing ecindezelwe ye-piston bores noma i-coating ekhethekile eqinile esetshenziselwa ama-bores ngemva komshini.

Ekuqaleni, leli bhulokhi lalimane nje liyibhulokhi lensimbi elibambe ama-cylinder bores, ibhantshi lamanzi, amaphaseji kawoyela, kanye ne-crankcase. Leli jakhethi lamanzi, njengoba libizwa kanjalo ngezinye izikhathi, liwuhlelo olungenalutho lwamashaneli lapho okupholisayo kuzungeza ebhulokhini lenjini. Ibhantshi lamanzi lizungeza amasilinda enjini, ngokuvamile amane, ayisithupha, noma ayisishiyagalombili, futhi anamaphiston. 

Uma i-cylinder head igxilile phezulu kwe-cylinder block, ama-pistons aya phezulu naphansi ngaphakathi kwamasilinda futhi aphendule i-crankshaft, egcina ishayela amasondo. Ipani likawoyela lingaphansi kwesilinda, lihlinzeka ngendawo yokugcina amafutha lapho iphampu kawoyela ingadonsa khona futhi inikeze amaphaseji kawoyela nezingxenye ezihambayo.

Izinjini ezipholile emoyeni, njengenjini endala ye-VW four-cylinder kanye neyokuqala ye-Porsche 911 sports car engine, empeleni azinawo ama-cylinder block. Njengenjini yesithuthuthu, i-crankshaft izungeza kumakesi enjini aboshwe ndawonye. Kuboshelwe kubo "ojeke" obunama-ribbed ribbed cylindrical lapho amapiston enyakaza phezulu naphansi.

Izinkinga ezijwayelekile ngamabhulokhi enjini

Ibhulokhi yenjini iyinsimbi enkulu, enembayo eyenziwe ngomshini eklanyelwe ukuhlala impilo yemoto. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izinto azihambi kahle. Nakhu ukwehluleka okuvame kakhulu kwe-cylinder block:

Ukuvuza kokupholisa kwenjini kwangaphandle

Ichibi lamanzi/i-antifreeze ngaphansi kwenjini? Lokhu kungase kubangelwe ukuvuza kwepompo yamanzi, irediyetha, i-heater core, noma ipayipi elixegayo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kusuke kubhulokhi yenjini ngokwayo. Ibhulokhi ingase iqhekeke futhi ivuze, noma ipulaki lixegeke noma ligle. Amapulaki e-Frost angashintshwa kalula, kodwa imifantu ngokuvamile ayelapheki.

Isilinda esigugile/esiqhephukile

Ekugcineni, ngemva kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamamayela, izindonga zamasilinda ezenziwe ngomshini ezibushelelezi ziyawohloka kuze kube seqophelweni lapho izindandatho zepiston zingakwazi ukulingana kahle. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuqhekeka kungakha odongeni lwesilinda, okuzoholela ngokushesha esidingweni sokulungisa injini. Amasilinda agugile angadinwa kakhulu ukuze afake amapiston amakhulu, futhi kuncinishi (noma kumabhulokhi e-aluminium) amalayini ensimbi angafakwa ukuze enze izindonga zamasilinda ziphelele futhi.

I-Porous injini block

Okubangelwa ukungcola okwethulwa ensimbi phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, ama-voids ekubunjweni ngokuvamile awabangeli izinkinga isikhathi eside. Ekugcineni, ibhlokhi elingabunjwanga kahle lingase liqale ukuvuza futhi livuze uwoyela noma into epholile endaweni enesici. Akukho ongakwenza enjinini enembobo ngoba izoba nenkinga kusukela mhlazane isakazwa. Kodwa-ke, noma yikuphi ukuvuza okungenzeka ngenxa ye-porous block kufanele kube kuncane, futhi uma kutholakala ngesikhathi sewaranti yomkhiqizi, injini kufanele ishintshwe mahhala.