Yini ikhumbi?
Okuqukethwe
Itekisi iyimoto. Izici eziyinhloko ezihlukanisa nezinye izimoto ubukhulu nobude bekhanda okungenani imigqa emibili yezihlalo. Inani lezihlalo, njengomthetho, alidluli ku-16. Umthamo omkhulu nezimo ezikahle zivumela ukusebenzisa ezokuthutha ezindizeni. Isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwamabhasi amancane yi-chassis yezimoto noma amaloli.
Amanye amamodeli ama-minivans angabangelwa lolu hlobo lwemoto. Umehluko omkhulu ulele enanini lemigqa yezihlalo, itekisi ayidluli ezintathu nokuphakama kwekhabini, okungaphansi kakhulu kunalokho kwekhumbi.
Le modeli ifunwa kakhulu hhayi ekuthuthweni kwabagibeli okujwayelekile, kepha nasezikhungweni ezahlukahlukene ezikhethekile, ngokwesibonelo, ama-ambulensi, amalebhu, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindawo zokwakha nokulungisa.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamatekisi
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamabhasi amakhulu:
1. Umgibeliokuluhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu. Umsebenzi omkhulu wale minibus ukuhambisa abagibeli. Imoto ingafakwa indawo yangaphakathi entofontofo nezinto ezahlukahlukene zohambo oluhle. Njengomthetho, lezi zinhlobo zinomklamo wesitayela wangaphandle nengaphakathi. Ezimweni eziningi, bahlome ngeyunithi yamandla okonga eba nesivinini esikhulu. Izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe zamabhasi abagibeli zikhiqizwa ngezimo zokuhamba ezikhululeke kakhudlwana.
2. Uhlobo lwezimpahla ejwayelekile ukuthuthwa kwemithamo ehlukahlukene yezimpahla. Ngokuyinhloko, lolu hlobo luhloselwe ukuthuthwa kwazo zombili izindiza zangaphakathi nezangaphakathi. Igumbi lezimpahla libhekene nobukhulu obukhulu kanye namavolumu. Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa lolu hlobo kolunye ukungabi nezihlalo zabagibeli (ngaphandle kwekhabini). Umthamo ngokwesilinganiso ungamathani amabili. Izicabha eziseceleni nezingemuva zinikezwa ukulayisha impahla. Ngomthwalo osindayo, ikhumbi yezimpahla iba nesivinini esisheshayo esifinyelela ku-100 km / h ngenxa yedatha enhle yobuchwepheshe. I-cab inezimo ezinhle zokunethezeka futhi yenzelwe isihlalo somshayeli nomgibeli oyedwa / ababili.
3. Ibhasi elisetshenziswayo Idizayinelwe ukuthuthwa kanyekanye kwakho kokubili abagibeli nempahla. Lolu hlobo lwakhiwe ngesisekelo samabhasi kanye ne-chassis yamaloli. Ngokuyisisekelo, lawa mamodeli afakwe ingaphakathi elinethezekile, injini yokonga kanye nomthamo omuhle kakhulu wegumbi lemithwalo. Lolu hlobo "oluhlanganisiwe" lusetshenziselwa ngokuphelele ukulethwa kwempahla, ukuhamba, ukuhamba kwamaqembu okulungisa, kanye nohambo lwebhizinisi nemicimbi ehlukahlukene.
4. Uhlobo lwakudala yethulwe ngomzimba owenziwe ngensimbi eqinile, futhi umthamo awudluli abagibeli abayi-9. Igumbi lomthwalo libhekene nomthamo omkhulu futhi lihlukaniswe negumbi lomgibeli. Iningi lamabhasi abagibeli bezimpahla ethulwa ngale ndlela, kepha futhi ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kunezindlela zesimanjemanje ezahlukahlukene ezithinta ukungahambi kahle kokwahlukanisa phakathi kwamakamelo nokulawula inani lezihlalo nomthamo wezimpahla.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamatekisi
Ibhasi lomgibeli alidluli izihlalo eziyi-16, ezitholakala emigqeni emibili futhi lisetshenziselwa ukuthutha abagibeli emabangeni ahlukene (izindiza zasemadolobheni nezasemadolobheni).
I-cargo-passenger minibus ibonakala ngokuba nezihlalo ezifika kwezi-9. Njengomthetho, izihlalo ezi-3 zitholakala egumbini lemoto, kanti ezinye ezi-6 zihlukaniswe ngezihlalo ezi-3 emigqeni yemizila emide / eguqukayo.
Inani lezihlalo etekisini yezimpahla lilinganiselwe, izihlalo zinikezwa kuphela egumbini, njengokujwayelekile, isihlalo somshayeli esisodwa nezihlalo ezimbili zabagibeli eceleni kwaso.
Abenzi abakhulu bamatekisi
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinkampani zezimoto libandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni amabhasi amancane. Abakhiqizi abakhulu bahlanganisa imikhiqizo edumile njengeJalimane iMercedes-Benz, i-Opel neVolkswagen, i-American Ford, i-Fiat yase-Italy, i-French Citroen ne-Renault. Ngabakhiqizi baseYurophu abathandwa kakhulu, amabhasi amancane athengiswa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lekhwalithi, ukuthembeka nokuphepha.
IMercedes sekuyisikhathi eside ihamba phambili emakethe yamazwe omhlaba ngokudayisa hhayi nje kuphela izimoto zabagibeli, kodwa namatekisi. Umndeni wakwaMercedes-Benz Sprinter udlala indima ekhethekile, imoto yokuqala yaqala ukubonakala ngo-1995. ISprinter iyatholakala kuwo womabili amasondo ashayayo nangamasondo angemuva, futhi ingezezimoto ezidayisayo ezinethani elincane. Le modeli inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi nemisebenzi kusukela ekuthuthweni okuvamile kwabagibeli kuya ekuthuthweni kwempahla.
Le nkampani inaka kakhulu ukwenziwa kwesimanje kwezimoto, okubonakala ngokusobala kuzimpawu zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe, ekwakhiweni, kumthamo wezimpahla, kanye nasezimeni ezingaphakathi kwekhabethe, ezakha ukunethezeka okuphezulu nokulula. Ukuguquguquka kwamatekisi anekhono elibanzi lale nkampani kunikeza ilungelo eliphambili lokucatshangelwa iMercedes-Benz njengomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu.
I-Automaker Opel iphinde ibe seqhulwini ekukhiqizeni amakhumbi. Uchungechunge oludumile lwe-Opel Vivaro lukhishwe ezizukulwaneni ezimbalwa, olokugcina luhlehlela ngo-2019. Inguqulo yabagibeli ye-minibus yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Opel Zafira. Lolu chungechunge lufakwe imidwebo emihle yokuklama. Imvelaphi yamalambu angaphambili, igrille kanye nomklamo jikelele kwenza i-Zafira igqame kwezinye. Kodwa ingaphakathi licishe lifane namamodeli wePeugeot neToyota, ngoba amamodeli adalwe esisekelweni esifanayo.
Enye inkampani yaseJalimane ekhiqizayo iVolkswagen, ebikhiqiza amabhasi amancane kusukela ngeminyaka yama-50s ekhulwini elidlule. Uchungechunge olubaluleke kakhulu yiTransporter. Isizukulwane sakamuva salolu chungechunge "sihambisana nezikhathi". Idizayini yemoto eyisignesha (ikakhulukazi izinguquko kubhampa, igrille namalambu angaphambili), idatha yobuchwepheshe ephezulu ehlanganisa ukuhlonyiswa ngenjini enamandla kanye nenqubo yokuthuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kanye nezinye izindlela zemoto zenze isidingo esikhulu emakethe kusukela ngo-2015.
I-Renault ingumkhiqizi wezimoto waseFrance. Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwamabhasi amancane enkampanini kwaqala ngo-1981 ngokufika kwemodeli ye-Renault Traffic. Imoto yethulwa ezizukulwaneni eziningana, ethandwa kakhulu yisizukulwane sesithathu sokukhululwa kuka-2014. Kwethulwa amasethi amathathu. Kukhona futhi ukuhlukahluka okuhlukene kwezinjini, nokukhethwa kobude bomzimba nokuphakama kophahla. Ukusebenza kwezinjini ezisekelwe enjinini engu-1.6-litre dCi kwenza yonge ngendlela engenzeka ngayo. Imodeli ngayinye inezici eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini enobuchwepheshe obusha bokudala induduzo.
UFord ubuye athathwe njengomholi ekukhiqizeni amabhasi amancane. Lapho idala amabhasi amancane, inkampani yayiqondiswa iqiniso lokuthi imoto kufanele ithembeke, ilula futhi iphephe, ngoba lolu hlobo lwemoto luyithuluzi elisebenzayo. Umndeni wakwaFord Transit waqala ukubonakala ngawo-1960 futhi usasebenza nanamuhla. Iningi lamamodeli wesimanje anedatha enhle kakhulu yezobuchwepheshe, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kufana kakhulu nezimoto zenkampani ezingekho emgwaqeni. Idizayini ecatshangelwe kahle nezimo ezidaliwe zokunethezeka kwabagibeli nomshayeli, kanye nenjini eyongayo kwenza amabhasi amaFord abe yisinqumo esihle kakhulu.
Inkampani yezimoto yakwaCitroen yazuza ukuduma emakethe ngokukhishwa kwe-SpaceTourer ngo-2016. Izinguqulo eziningana zinikezwa ngokuhlukahluka kwenjini okuhlukile "kukho konke ukunambitheka nombala". Umshini ufakwe ukwethulwa kwezimo ezinethezekile ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe obusha. Lolu hlu lwamamodeli lumelela izinguqulo eziningi, ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nezindleko.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, i-Italian automaker Fiat ikhiphe isizukulwane sokuqala se-Fiat Ducato, ikhumbi elinamandla okuthwala kahle. Isizukulwane sesithathu esithuthukisiwe sakhululwa ngo-2006 futhi sisekhona. Enqubweni yokuguqulwa okuningi, imoto inezici ezinhle zangaphandle kanye nedatha yezobuchwepheshe enjini enamandla kakhulu kanye nomthwalo owandayo. Imoto inezinketho eziningi zokucushwa - ukusuka ebhasini elincane labagibeli ukuya kwelezimpahla.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo:
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamabhasi amancane akhona? Cishe bonke abakhiqizi bezimoto abadumile emhlabeni wonke bakhiqiza amakhumbi. Ohlwini lwemikhiqizo: Citroen, Dodge, Fiat, Ford, GMC, Mercedes, Honda, Nissan, njll.
Yibuphi ubuhlalu obuthembeke kakhulu? IMercedes Sprinter idumile phakathi kwabashayeli. Kodwa iVolkswagen Transporter ibhekwa njengethembekile, iphephile futhi inomthwalo omuhle wokukhokha.
Lithini igama leveni yokuthengisa? Lezi zimoto zibizwa ngamaveni. Zinokwakhiwa kwensimbi yonke futhi zingaguqulwa ukuze zithwale abagibeli (kudingeka ukubhaliswa kabusha kwemoto).
