Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwenzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft

Izinjini zesimanje zinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi zilawulwa yiyunithi yokulawula ngogesi ngokuya ngamasignali ezinzwa. Inzwa ngayinye ibheka imingcele ethile ebonisa ukusebenza kwemoto ngesikhathi samanje, futhi idlulise imininingwane ku-ECU. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwezinjini - i-camshaft position sensor (DPRV).

Yini i-DPRV

Isifinyezo se-DPRV simele i-Camshaft Position Sensor. Amanye amagama: Inzwa yeHholo, inzwa yesigaba noma i-CMP (isifinyezo sesiNgisi). Kusuka egameni kuyacaca ukuthi ubamba iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi. Ngokuqondile, ngesisekelo sedatha yayo, uhlelo lubala isikhathi esifanele somjovo wephethiloli nokuthungela.

Le nzwa isebenzisa i-voltage engu-5 volt (amandla) futhi ingxenye yayo eyinhloko inzwa yeHholo. Akanqumi isikhathi somjovo noma sokushisa, kodwa udlulisa imininingwane mayelana nesikhathi lapho i-piston ifinyelela ku-cylinder yokuqala ye-TDC. Ngokuya ngale datha, isikhathi somjovo nobude besikhathi kubalwa.

Emsebenzini wayo, i-DPRV ixhunywe ngokusebenzayo ne-crankshaft position sensor (DPKV), nayo ebhekele ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuthungela. Uma ngasizathu simbe inzwa ye-camshaft ihluleka, kuzocatshangelwa imininingwane eyisisekelo evela ku-crankshaft sensor. Isiginali evela ku-DPKV ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kohlelo lokuthungela nokujova; ngaphandle kwayo, injini ngeke nje isebenze.

I-DPRV isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinjini zesimanje, kufaka phakathi izinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo ngohlelo lokushintsha isikhathi se-valve. Ifakwe ekhanda lesilinda, kuya ngesakhiwo semoto.

Idivayisi yenzwa yeCamshaft

Njengoba sekushiwo, inzwa isebenza ngesisekelo somphumela weHholo. Lo mphumela watholakala emuva ngekhulu le-XNUMX ngusosayensi wegama elifanayo. Uqaphele ukuthi uma i-current ngqo idluliswa ngepuleti elincanyana futhi ibekwe emkhakheni wokusebenza kukazibuthe waphakade, khona-ke umehluko ongaba khona wakhiwa kweminye imikhawulo yawo. Okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokungeniswa kwamandla kazibuthe, ingxenye yama-electron iphambukisiwe futhi yakha i-voltage encane (i-Hall voltage) kweminye imiphetho yepuleti. Isetshenziswa njengesiginali.

I-DPRV ihlelwe ngendlela efanayo, kodwa kuphela ngendlela esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Iqukethe uzibuthe waphakade ne-semiconductor okuxhunywe kuyo othintana nabo abane. Amandla wesiginali athunyelwa kusifunda esincane esihlanganisiwe, lapho sicutshungulwa khona, futhi oxhumana nabo abajwayelekile (ababili noma abathathu) sebevele baphuma emzimbeni wenzwa uqobo. Umzimba wenziwe ngepulasitiki.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Ku-camshaft ebhekene ne-DPRV kufakwa i-master disk (wheel wheel). Ngokulandelayo, amazinyo akhethekile noma ukuqagela kwenziwa kwi-camshaft master disk. Okwamanje la ma-protrusions adlula enzwa, i-DPRV yakha isignali yedijithali yomumo okhethekile, okhombisa ukushaywa kwamanje kumasilinda.

Kunembile ngokwengeziwe ukubheka ukusebenza kwe-camshaft sensor kanye nokusebenza kwe-DPKV. Izinguquko ezimbili ze-crankshaft zibangela inguquko eyodwa ye-camshaft. Le yimfihlo yokuvumelanisa ama-injection kanye nezinhlelo zokuthungela. Ngamanye amagama, i-DPRV ne-DPKV ikhombisa umzuzu wokushaywa kokucindezelwa kusilinda sokuqala.

I-crankshaft master disk inamazinyo angama-58 (60-2), okungukuthi, lapho isigaba esinegebe lamazinyo amabili sidlula ngenzwa ye-crankshaft, uhlelo luhlola isinali nge-DPRV ne-DPKV bese lunquma umzuzu wokujova kwisilinda sokuqala . Ngemuva kwamazinyo angama-30, umjovo uvela, ngokwesibonelo, ungene kusilinda sesithathu, bese kuba owesine nowesibili. Lokhu kwenzeka kanjani ukuvumelanisa. Zonke lezi zimpawu zingama-pulses afundwa yiyunithi yokulawula. Zingabonakala ku-oscillogram kuphela.

Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle

Kufanele kushiwo ngokushesha ukuthi ngenzwa ye-camshaft engalungile, injini izoqhubeka nokusebenza iqale, kepha ngokubambezeleka okuthile.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-DPRV kungakhonjiswa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli okwandisiwe, ngoba uhlelo lokujova aluvumelanisiwe;
• imoto ihamba ngamajezi, ilahlekelwe ngamandla;
• kukhona ukulahleka kwamandla okubonakalayo, imoto ayikwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini;
• injini ayiqali ngokushesha, kodwa ngokulibaziseka kwamasekhondi angu-2-3 noma amadokodo;
• uhlelo lokuthungela lusebenza ngokungahambi kahle, okungahambi kahle;
• ikhompyutha ekubhodi ibonisa iphutha, i-Check Engine iyakhanya.

Lezi zimpawu zingakhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-DPRV, kepha zingakhombisa nezinye izinkinga. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlolisiswe enkonzweni.

Phakathi kwezizathu zokwehluleka kwe-DPRV yilezi ezilandelayo:

• izinkinga zokuxhumana nezintambo;
• kungaba khona i-chip noma ukugoba ekuqhubekeni kwe-master disk, ngaleyo ndlela inzwa ifunda idatha engalungile;
• ukulimala kwenzwa uqobo.

Ngokwalo, le divayisi encane iyaqabukela yehluleka.

Izindlela zokuqinisekisa

Njenganoma iyiphi enye inzwa esuselwa kumphumela weHholo, i-DPRV ayikwazi ukubhekwa ngokulinganisa i-voltage koxhumana nabo nge-multimeter ("ukuqhubeka"). Isithombe esiphelele somsebenzi waso singanikezwa kuphela ngokubheka nge-oscilloscope. I-oscillogram izokhombisa ama-pulses nama-dips. Ukuze ufunde idatha kusuka ku-oscillogram, futhi udinga ukuba nolwazi oluthile nesipiliyoni. Lokhu kungenziwa nguchwepheshe onekhono esiteshini sosizo noma esikhungweni sosizo.

Uma kutholakala ukungasebenzi kahle, inzwa ishintshelwa entsha, akukho ukulungiswa okuhlinzekwayo.

I-DPRV idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuthungela nokujova. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwayo kuholela ezinkingeni ekusebenzeni kwenjini. Uma kutholakala izimpawu, kungcono ukuxilongwa ngochwepheshe abanekhono.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

ГIngabe ikhona inzwa yokuma kwe-camshaft? Kuya ngemodeli ye-powertrain. Kwamanye amamodeli kuba kwesokudla, kanti kwamanye kuba kwesokunxele senjini. Ngokuvamile itholakala eduze naphezulu kwebhande lesikhathi noma ngemuva komqhele.

Ungahlola kanjani inzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft? I-multimeter isethelwe kumodi yokulinganisa yamanje ye-DC (ubukhulu obungu-20 V). I-chip yenzwa inqanyuliwe. Amandla abhekwa ku-chip ngokwayo (ngokubasi kuvuliwe). I-Voltage isetshenziswa kwinzwa. Phakathi koxhumana nabo kufanele kube cishe u-90% we-voltage yesikhombi sokuhlinzeka. Into yensimbi ilethwa inzwa - i-voltage ku-multimeter kufanele yehle ibe ngu-0.4 V.

Inzwa ye-camshaft inika ini? Ngokusekelwe kumasiginali asuka kule nzwa, iyunithi yokulawula inquma ngasiphi isikhathi futhi kusiphi isilinda lapho kudingekile ukunikeza uphethiloli (vula i-nozzle ukuze ugcwalise isilinda nge-BTC entsha).