Yini ipompo lomjovo nendima yalo ekusebenzeni kwenjini

Iningi lezimoto zesimanje lifakwe izinhlelo zokujova uphethiloli. Kukhona ukulungiswa lapho uphethiloli ufuthwa khona ngombhobho kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla. Kukhona futhi amamodeli lapho kufuthwa khona uphethiloli ngqo kumasilinda wenjini.

Izinjini zikadizili zisebenza ngokwehlukile kunezinjini zikaphethiloli. Kuzo, udizili ufakwa endaweni esevele icindezelwe kusilinda. Ukuze ingxenye kaphethiloli yenziwe i-athomu ngaphandle kwesithiyo, kuyadingeka indlela efana nepompo ye-petrol ephezulu.

Cabanga ngezici zomshini onjalo, ukulungiswa kwawo nezimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle.

Yini iphampu kaphethiloli enamandla futhi yenzelwa ini?

Umshini, ofushaniswa njengepompo kaphethiloli, uyingxenye yohlelo lukaphethiloli lwenjini kadizili, kodwa kukhona nezinhlobo zamayunithi kagesi kaphethiloli. Umehluko okuwukuphela kwepompo kaphethiloli wenjini kadizili ukuthi ingcindezi eyenzayo iphakeme kakhulu kunomlingani wayo kaphethiloli. Isizathu salokhu izici eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kweyunithi. Kumasilinda wenjini kadizili, umoya ucindezelwa kuqala uze ushise kufudumale lokushisa kukaphethiloli.

Lapho i-piston ifinyelela esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile, umbhobho ufafaza uphethiloli bese uyasha. Umjovo kufanele unqobe ingcindezi enkulu. Ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle, ipompo kufanele yakhe ikhanda eliphezulu kunamasilinda.

Ngaphezu komsebenzi oshiwo, iphampu kufanele futhi inikeze uphethiloli ezingxenyeni ezithile, ngokuya ngemodi yokusebenza yeyunithi yamandla. Le pharamitha inqume ukucabangela ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Emotweni yesimanje, le nqubo ilawulwa yunithi yokulawula ngogesi.

Umlando wokuthuthukisa nokwenza ngcono

Le divayisi yaqala ukwenziwa ngeminyaka yo-1930 nguRobert Bosch. Ezimotweni zabagibeli, amaphampu emijovo aqala ukusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo engxenyeni yesibili yeshumi leminyaka elifanayo.

Njengoba izinjini zokuqala zikaphethiloli zazinama-carburetors, kuphela amayunithi kadizili ayedinga indlela enjalo. Namuhla, izinjini zikaphethiloli ezinesistimu yomjovo oqondile nazo zinempompo yalolu hlobo (i-carburetor isivele ingavamile ngokwedlulele - kuphela ezimotweni zesizukulwane esidala).

Yize inqubo yokusebenza kwepompo ihlale ingashintshi, indlela yokusebenza uqobo yayo ithuthukiswe kaningi futhi yathuthukiswa. Isizathu salokhu ukwanda kwamazinga ezemvelo nokusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ekuqaleni, kwakusetshenziswa ipompo yomjovo womshini, kepha kwakungeyona eyokonga, okwaholela ekukhishweni komthamo wezinto ezinobungozi. Amaphampu esimanje e-elekthronikhi akhombisa ukusebenza kahle okuhle kakhulu, okuvumela ezokuthutha ukuthi zingene ohlakeni lwamazinga ezemvelo futhi kwanelise abashayeli beholo elincane.

High ingcindezi design

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zokuguqulwa kwepompo yokujova uphethiloli yenjini kaphethiloli kanye ne-analogue kadizili. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, izinto eziyinhloko zepompo lokukhanda yilezi:

• Isihlungi sifakwa ethekwini eliphambi kwepompo;
• I-plunger piston etholakala kusilinda - okuthiwa. ipayipi le-plunger;
• Umzimba lapho kwenziwa khona ikhefu - ngabo uphethiloli unikezwa ipheya le-plunger;
• Shaft nge cam kanye bamba centrifugal. Le nto ixhunywe ku-pulley yesikhathi sokusebenza usebenzisa ibhande lokushayela;
• Ama-pusher drive we-Plunger;
• Iziphethu ezibuyisa i-plunger piston emuva;
• Amaphayiphu amakhulu;
• Isilawuli samamodi - ahambisana ne-pedal yegesi;
• Iphayiphu yokubuyisa ipompo ephezulu (ngayo, uphethiloli owedlulele ufakwa embuyisweni);
• Iphampu yengcindezi ephansi (ipompa uphethiloli ngaphakathi kwepompo).

Njengoba sekushiwo, amaphampu emishini kancane kancane athathelwa indawo ukulungiswa kwe-elekthronikhi ngenxa yezomnotho nokusebenza kwabo kahle. Umshini ngokwawo kunzima ukuwulungisa nokulungisa. Amaphampu we-elekthronikhi aneyunithi yawo yokulawula kanye nama-valve amaningi kagesi nezinzwa.

Iningi lamaphampu omjovo we-elekthronikhi anohlelo lwawo lokuxilonga, ngenxa yokuthi idivayisi ivumelana kanjani nokungasebenzi kahle namaphutha okuhlangatshezwane nawo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi idivaysi isebenze kahle noma ngabe enye yezinzwa ihluleka. Iphampu elinjalo ngokuphelele liyeka ukusebenza kuphela uma kwenzeka i-microprocessor iphuka.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Iphampu kaphethiloli ephezulu isebenza kumthetho wenjini enama-stroke amabili. Ngenxa yokuzungeza kwe-cam shaft, i-plunger piston iyaqhutshwa. Uphethiloli kadizili ungena esikhaleni esincane, bese ungena kulayini omkhulu.

Imininingwane eminingi mayelana nenqubo yokusebenza kwamapulunger ichazwe kuvidiyo:

I-Plunger pair ye-UTN

Ingcindezi yenziwa emgodini, ngenxa yalokho kuvuleka i-valve yokukhipha. Uphethiloli kadizili ugeleza kulayini kaphethiloli uye embhobho futhi uyafuthwa. Iphampu iletha kuphela ingxenye kaphethiloli kumjovo. Izinsalela zibuyiselwa ethangini likaphethiloli nge-drain valve. Ukuvimbela uphethiloli ukuthi ungabuyi ohlelweni lapho i-supercharger ivulwa, kufakwa i-valve yokuhlola kuyo.

Isikhathi somjovo sinqunywa yi-clutch centrifugal. Isilawuli semodi (noma i-all-mode regulator) sinquma inani le-batch elizokhishwa. Lesi sici sihlotshaniswa ne-pedal yegesi. Lapho umshayeli eyicindezela, umlawuli uyakhuphula inani laleyo ngxenye, kuthi lapho ikhishwa, inani lehle.

Kumamodeli we-elekthronikhi, zonke izinqubo zilawulwa yiyunithi yokulawula. I-elekthronikhi isabalalisa umzuzu wokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli, inani lalo lisuselwa kumandla emoto. Lezi zinhlelo zikaphethiloli zinezingxenye ezimbalwa, ezandisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka komshini.

Amaphampu omjovo we-elekthronikhi ayakwazi ukuhlukanisa ingxenye ibe izingxenye ezimbili, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze amandla omlilo asebenza kahle kanye nokushaywa okubushelelezi kweqembu le-piston. Ngenxa yalokhu, buncane ubuthi bokukhipha nokusebenza kwenjini okwandayo. Ukuqinisekisa umjovo wezigaba ezimbili, iyunithi lokulawula iphampu lirekhoda:

• Ukucindezela isinyathelo esisheshayo;
• Izinguquko ze-camshaft zesikhathi;
• Izinga lokushisa ohlelweni lokupholisa injini;
• Ijubane lemoto uqobo;
• Ingcindezi eyenziwe yi-turbocharger;
• Umsebenzi wokujova;
• Ukudubula kwepulaki ekhanyayo.

Izinhlobo zepompo yomjovo

Izinhlelo ze-Fuel zizinhlobo ezintathu:

• Monoinjection. Lokhu ukuguqulwa kokuqala. Ummeli ekuqaleni wayeyi-carburetor. Emgodini wayo, kwakhiwa inhlanganisela yomoya kaphethiloli futhi yanikezwa kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lezi zinhlelo, esikhundleni se-carburetor, zathola umbhobho owodwa, ofaka uphethiloli ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokudla, lapho uxubene nomoya;
• Umjovo we-multipoint. Lokhu sekuvele kunguhlobo lohlelo lokujova. Kufakwa i-injector ngayinye isilinda ngayinye kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla. Umjovo wenziwa kaningi, kuphela eduze ne-valve yokudla ngangokunokwenzeka;
• Umjovo oqondile. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, uphethiloli ufuthwa ngqo kumasilinda lapho umoya okuwo usuvele ucindezelwe yipiston.

Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinqubo ezinjalo ezingasetshenziswa kulezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo zikaphethiloli:

• Emugqeni;
• Ukusabalalisa;
• Isiqu.

In-line umjovo futha

I-in-line injection pump inamaphampu amaningana afakwe endlini eyodwa. Ngamunye wabo ukhonza umlomo wombhobho ohlukile. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwasetshenziswa ezinjini ezindala zikadizili. Ukusebenza kwayo yonke indlela kuncike ngokuqinile kudrayivu yesikhathi.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-inthanethi kusetshenziswe isikhathi eside impela. Ngisho nezinye izimoto zesimanje (amaloli) anamapampu anjalo. Isizathu - ukuthembeka kwabo okuphezulu nokuzithoba kwekhwalithi yenjini kadizili.

Uhlelo lomugqa lusebenza ngokulandelayo. Umbhangqwana we-plunger uqhutshwa ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Olunye uguquko lwe-camshaft yepompo luhambisana nezinguquko ezimbili ze-crankshaft yenjini.

Umshini we-plunger ngokusebenzisa i-fuel cutoff valve yempompo yengcindezi enkulu uhlukanisa ingxenye kaphethiloli kulayini ojwayelekile bese uyicindezela engxenyeni yengcindezi yohlelo. Ivolumu yengxenye ilawulwa ngebha yamazinyo exhunywe kwi-pedal yegesi. Ezimotweni ezine-ECU, ilawulwa yi-servo drive ephendula kwizimpawu ezivela kwiyunithi yokulawula.

Isikhathi somjovo sinqunywa ngejubane le-crankshaft. Umshini unama-coupling amabili, ahlukaniswe yimithombo. Lapho isivinini senjini sikhuphuka, iziphethu ziyacindezelwa, ngenxa yokuthi umgudu wepompo ujika kancane, okuholela ekuguqukeni kwe-engeli yomjovo kusengaphambili.

Distribution uhlobo umjovo futha

Ngokungafani nokuguqulwa kwangaphambilini, le modeli incane. Iphinde ifake ukusebenza okuzinzile. Kukhona ukuguqulwa okuningana kwamaphampu wokusabalalisa. Kunezinhlobo ze-plunger nezinhlobo ezijikelezayo. Ziyahluka futhi ezinhlotsheni ze-drive - indawo yangaphakathi, yokuphela noma yangaphandle yamakhamu.

Idrayivu yekham yangaphandle ayizinzile futhi ayithembekile. Ngakho-ke, uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukuhlala kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili.

Amaphampu anjalo aguga ngokushesha, ngoba indlela eyodwa yokufaka kuwo ifaka yonke imibhobho yeqembu. Kulokhu, ozakwabo abasemgqeni banezinzuzo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, kufakwa amaphampu wokujova wokusabalalisa ezinhlelweni zikawoyela zezimoto namaloli amancane.

Main umjovo futha

Ngokungafani nezinguquko ezimbili ezedlule, ipompo enkulu idala ingcindezi kulayini owodwa - lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ujantshi kaphethiloli. Isebenza njengesihlanganisi lapho kugcinwa khona ingcindezi kaphethiloli engapheli.

Ngenxa yenani elincani lezindlela zokusabalalisa, lokhu kuguqulwa kuzisungule njengokwethembeke kakhulu. Ukulungiswa kwamaphampu wokujova wohlobo oluphambili akunzima kangako. Ivolumu yomthamo ilawulwa yi-solenoid dosing valve. Amapampu anjalo afakiwe ezinhlelweni zesitimela sika-Common Rail.

Ingabe kukhona ipompo yokujova uphethiloli enjini kaphethiloli?

Yize ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwamaphampu okujova ngophethiloli kuzinjini zikadizili, izinjini eziningi zanamuhla zikaphethroli nazo zisebenza ngokunikezela ngophethiloli ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Lezi zindlela zisetshenziselwa izinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo ngomjovo oqondile.

Izinjini zikaphethiloli ze-GDI zidinga ukufakwa kwamaphampu anjalo. Eqinisweni, lolu hlelo luhlobo lwe-hybrid oluhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwenjini kaphethiloli nenqubo yokusebenza kweyunithi kadizili. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi ukuthungela akubangelwa ukushisa komoya ocindezelweyo, kodwa kungenxa yama-plugs enhlansi. Ezimotweni ezinjalo kusetshenziswa ukuguqulwa okuku-inthanethi.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu

Yize amaphampu omjovo ehlukile ekwakhekeni kwawo, kunemithetho eminingana ebalulekile umnikazi wemoto okufanele ayilandele ukuze iphampu lisebenzise isikhathi esabelwe:

1. Amaphampu amaningi asesilinganisweni ngokwezinga likaphethiloli, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthobela izidingo ezibekwe ngumkhiqizi zepompo elithile;
2. Ngenxa yobulukhuni bomklamo nemithwalo ebekwe kuzinqubo, amaphampu acindezela kakhulu adinga ukugcinwa njalo;
3. Zonke izingxenye ezijikelezayo nezokukhuhla kufanele zifakwe kahle, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zomkhiqizi ekukhetheni izinto zokugcoba.

Uma ungalandeli le mithetho, idivayisi izosebenziseka ngokushesha, okuzodinga ukulungiswa noma ukubiza okubizayo.

Izici ezilandelayo zibonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwepompo yomjovo (ngezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzekayo, ukungasebenzi kahle okungaba nezimpawu ezifanayo):

• Intuthu emnyama ekuqothulweni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhishwa okunobuthi obuningi emvelweni;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli okwandisiwe (ngenxa yokuvuza kukaphethiloli);
• Beka amandla e-ICE;
• Imisindo evela kupompo iyezwakala ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini;
• Ukuqala okunzima kwemoto;
• Ibhande lesikhathi livame ukushelela;
• Isivinini senjini esingazinzile.

Ukukhubazeka okuvame kakhulu ezintweni ezinje zohlelo lukaphethiloli ukwehluleka kwe-pair plunger. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa kaphethiloli ompofu - uqweqwe luqongelela phezulu, oluphazamisa ukuhamba kwezingxenye. Futhi, imbangela yokwehluleka kwalo mshini ngamanzi, avame ukubindana ethangini likaphethiloli. Ngalesi sizathu, akunconywa ukushiya imoto enethangi elingenalutho ubusuku bonke.

Ukulungiswa kwamaphampu wokucindezela okukhulu

Uma kungenzima ukulungisa ipompo yegesi ejwayelekile - kwanele ukuthenga ikhithi yokulungisa bese ushintsha izingxenye ezigugile, ukukhanda nokulungiswa kwepompo kaphethiloli kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi yini imbangela yokungasebenzi ngaphandle kwemishini eyengeziwe. Ukuzihlola ngokwakho kwamayunithi wokulawula wanamuhla kaningi akusizi.

Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi izimpawu zokonakala kwepompo kaphethiloli ziyefana nokungasebenzi ngendlela yokusabalalisa igesi noma ohlelweni lokukhipha. Ngalezi zizathu, ukuzilungisa kwepompo akunconywa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungcono ukufuna usizo esikhungweni sezinsizakalo ezikhethekile.

Ngokwengeziwe, bukela ividiyo ekususweni kwamaphutha nokulungiswa kwamaphampu kaphethiloli onomfutho omkhulu:

Ingxenye 1 Ukulungiswa kwepompo kaphethiloli ve 1.6 ukuxazulula ukuxazulula inkinga

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaphampu omjovo? I-in-line iphakela uphethiloli kumasilinda anama-plunger ahlukene. Isiqu - ebhethrini noma kwirempu. Ukusabalalisa - i-plunger eyodwa yawo wonke amasilinda ngezinga elifanayo.

Ngabe isebenza kanjani ipompo yokujova udizili? Isekelwe kumgomo we-plunger. Iphampu engenhla kwepheya ye-plunger ine-reservoir lapho uphethiloli umpontshelwa khona futhi ugcinwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

Iyini ipompo yokujova uphethiloli kudizili? Uphethiloli we-diesel kufanele ufake amasilinda ngaphansi kwengcindezi izikhathi eziningana ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sokucindezela. Ipheya le-plunger kuphela elikwazi ukudala ingcindezi enjalo.