Inzwa yemoto ye-nitric oxide: inhloso, idivaysi, ukungasebenzi kahle

Uhlu lwezinto zokusebenza zemoto yesimanje lubandakanya inqwaba yemishini eyengeziwe enikeza induduzo enkulu kumshayeli nakubagibeli, futhi futhi yenza imoto iphephe ngejubane elihlukile. Kepha ukuqinisa amazinga ezemvelo, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikadizili, kuphoqa abakhiqizi ukuthi bahlomise onobuhle babo ngemishini eyengeziwe enikeza iyunithi yamandla ophethiloli ohlanzekile.

Phakathi kwemishini enjalo kukhona uhlelo lokujova urea. Sesikhulume ngakho ngokuningiliziwe. kokunye ukubuyekeza... Manje sizogxila kunzwa, ngaphandle kwayo uhlelo ngeke lusebenze, noma luzosebenza ngamaphutha. Ake sicabangele ukuthi kungani inzwa ye-NOx ingadingeki kudizili kuphela, kepha nasemotweni kaphethiloli, ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi unganquma kanjani ukungasebenzi kwayo.

Kuyini iSensor Car Nitric Oxide Sensor?

Elinye igama lenzwa ye-nitric oxide inzwa yokuxuba enciphile. Umthandi wemoto kungenzeka angazi nokuthi imoto yakhe ingahlonywa ngemishini enjalo. Ukuphela kwento engakhombisa ukuba khona kwale nzwa isignali ehambisanayo edeshibhodi (Check Engine).

Le divayisi ifakwe eduze ne-catalyst. Ngokuya ngokuguqulwa kwesitshalo samandla, kungahle kube nezinzwa ezimbili ezinjalo. Elinye lifakwe ngomfula we-analyzer catalytic kanti elinye lingaphansi. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwe-AdBlue luvame ukusebenza ngezinzwa ezimbili kuphela. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-exhaust inokuqukethwe okungenani kwe-nitrogen oxide. Uma uhlelo lungasebenzi kahle, imoto ngeke ihlangabezane namazinga ezemvelo ashiwo ngumenzi.

Izinjini eziningi zikaphethiloli ezinesistimu yomjovo kaphethiloli osatshalalisiwe (okunye ukuguqulwa kwezinhlelo zikaphethiloli kuchaziwe kokunye ukubuyekeza) thola enye inzwa erekhoda inani le-oxygen ekuqothulweni. Ngenxa yophenyo lwe-lambda, iyunithi yokulawula ilawula ingxube kaphethiloli womoya ngokuya ngomthwalo ophakathi kweyunithi yamandla. Funda kabanzi ngenhloso nomgomo wokusebenza kwenzwa. lapha.

Inhloso yedivayisi

Phambilini, kuphela udizili wawuhlonyelwe umjovo oqondile, kepha ngemoto yesimanje enenjini kaphethiloli, uhlelo olunje kaphethiloli alusona isimanga. Lokhu kuguqulwa komjovo kuvumela inani elithile lezinto ezintsha ukuthi zifakwe enjinini. Isibonelo salokhu uhlelo lokuvala amasilinda amaningi ngemithwalo ephansi. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo abuvumeli kuphela ukuhlinzeka ngomnotho omkhulu wephethiloli, kodwa futhi nokususa ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu esitshalweni samandla.

Lapho injini enohlelo lokujova uphethiloli olunjalo isebenza ngomthwalo omncane, i-electronic control yakha ingxube enciphile (i-oxygen oxygen concentration). Kepha ngesikhathi somlilo we-VTS onjalo, i-exhaust iqukethe inani elikhulu lamagesi anobuthi, kufaka phakathi i-nitrogen oxide ne-carbon. Ngokuqondene nezinhlanganisela zekhabhoni, zithathwa njengeziyinhlanganisela (mayelana nokuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi unganquma kanjani amaphutha ayo, funda ngokwehlukana). Kodwa-ke, izinhlanganisela ze-nitrogenous kunzima kakhulu ukuzinciphisa.

Inkinga yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezinobuthi ixazululwa ngokwengxenye ngokufaka i-catalyst eyengeziwe, engohlobo lwesitoreji (i-nitrogen oxides ifakwa kuyo). Iziqukathi ezinjalo zinomthamo wokugcina olinganiselwe, futhi okuqukethwe OKUNGAKHO kufanele kurekhodwe ukugcina amagesi okukhipha ehlanzekile ahlanzeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Lo msebenzi wenzelwe inzwa yegama elifanayo.

Eqinisweni, lona uphenyo olufanayo lwe-lambda, kuphela olufakwa ngemuva kwesikhangisi sokugcina esimweni seyunithi kaphethiloli. Isistimu yokukhipha imoto yedizili inesiguquli sokunciphisa esinciphisayo futhi ngemuva kwayo kufakwe idivaysi yokulinganisa. Uma inzwa yokuqala ilungisa ukwakheka kwe-BTC, okwesibili kuthinta okuqukethwe kwegesi yokukhipha. Lezi zinzwa zifakiwe ekucushweni okuyimpoqo kohlelo lokukhetha lokunciphisa amandla olukhethiwe.

Lapho inzwa ye-NOx ithola okuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwamakhemikhali ane-nitrogen, idivayisi ithumela isignali kuphiko lokulawula. I-algorithm ehambisanayo iyasebenza ku-microprocessor, futhi imiyalo edingekayo ithunyelwa kuma-actuator wohlelo lukaphethiloli, ngosizo lokulungiswa kwengxube ye-air-fuel.

Endabeni yenjini kadizili, isignali ehambisanayo evela enzwa iya ekuphathweni kohlelo lokujova urea. Ngenxa yalokho, kufuthwa ikhemikhali emfudlaneni wokuqothula ukuze kunciphise amagesi anobuthi. Izinjini zikaphethiloli zivele zishintshe ukwakheka kwe-MTC.

Idivayisi yenzwa ye-NOx

Izinzwa ezithola izinhlanganisela ezinobuthi kumagesi e-exhaust zingamathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi kagesi. Idizayini yabo ifaka phakathi:

• Isifudumezi;
• Igumbi lokumpompa;
• Igumbi lokukala.

Kokunye ukuguqulwa, amadivayisi afakwe enye, eyesithathu, ikhamera. Ukusebenza kwedivayisi kanje. Amagesi e-exhaust ashiya iyunithi yamandla futhi adlule esiguquli se-catalytic esiya kuphenyo lwe-lambda yesibili. Kuhlinzekwa okwamanje, futhi into yokushisa iletha ukushisa kwemvelo kumadigri angama-650 noma ngaphezulu.

Ngaphansi kwale mibandela, okuqukethwe kwe-O2 kuyehla ngenxa yomphumela wamanje wokumpompa, owenziwe yi-electrode. Ingena egumbini lesibili, izinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen zibola zibe izakhi zamakhemikhali eziphephe kakhulu (i-oxygen ne-nitrogen). Ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwe-oxide, amandla okumpompa azoqina ngokwengeziwe.

Ikhamera yesithathu, ekhona ekulungisweni okuthile kwenzwa, ilungisa ukuzwela kwamanye amaseli amabili. Ukuze unciphise izinto ezinobuthi, ngaphezu kokuchayeka ekushiseni kwamanje nokuphakeme, ama-electrode enziwe ngezinsimbi eziyigugu, ezingatholakala ku-catalyst.

Noma iyiphi inzwa ye-NOx inamapampu amancane okungenani amabili. Owokuqala uthatha i-oksijeni eyeqile okhethweni, bese kuthi owesibili athathe ingxenye yokulawula amagesi ukuthola inani le-oxygen ekugelezeni (kubonakala ngesikhathi sokubola kwe-nitrogen oxide). Futhi, imitha ifakwe uphiko lwayo lokulawula. Umsebenzi walesi sici ukufaka amasignali wezinzwa, ukuwakhulisa futhi udlulise lezi zinkanuko kuphiko lokulawula eliphakathi.

Ukusebenza kwezinzwa ze-NOx zenjini ye-diesel nophethiloli kuhlukile. Esimweni sokuqala, idivayisi inquma ukuthi i-catalyst yokunciphisa isebenza kahle kangakanani. Uma le nto yesistimu yokukhipha iyeka ukubhekana nomsebenzi wayo, inzwa iqala ukubhalisa amazinga aphezulu kakhulu wezinto ezinobuthi emfudlaneni wegesi wokukhipha. Isiginali ehambelana nayo ithunyelwa ku-ECU, futhi ukumakwa kwenjini noma umbhalo we-Check Engine ukhanyisa kuphaneli yokulawula.

Njengoba umyalezo ofanayo uvela nokunye ukungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yamandla, ngaphambi kokuzama ukulungisa okuthile, udinga ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwekhompyutha esikhungweni sesevisi. Kwezinye izimoto, umsebenzi wokuzihlola ungabizwa phezulu (ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu, bheka ngokwehlukanaukuthola ikhodi yephutha. Lolu lwazi alusizi kangako kumshayeli ojwayelekile. Uma kunohlu lwamagama, kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto uphiko lokulawula lukhipha ikhodi ehambisanayo, kepha ezimotweni eziningi imininingwane ekhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kuphela ekhonjiswa esikrinini sekhompyutha ebhodini. Ngalesi sizathu, uma kungekho okuhlangenwe nakho kokwenza izinqubo ezinjalo zokuxilonga, ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokuvakashela isiteshi sesevisi.

Endabeni yezinjini zikaphethiloli, inzwa iphinde ithumele ukushaywa kwemoto kuphiko lokulawula, kepha manje i-ECU ithumela umyalo kuma-actuator ukuze alungise ukunothisa kwe-BTC. Isiguquli se-catalytic sisodwa asikwazi ukususa izinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen. Ngalesi sizathu, injini ingakhipha kuphela amagesi okukhipha i-cleaner uma imodi yokujova ngophethroli ishintshiwe ukuze ishe kahle.

I-catalyst ingakwazi ukubhekana nenani elincane lezinto ezinobuthi, kepha lapho nje okuqukethwe kwabo kukhuphuka, inzwa iqala ukushisa okungcono kwenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya ukuze le nto yohlelo lokukhipha ikwazi "ukubuyisa" kancane.

Inkinga ehlukile ephathelene nale sensor yizintambo zayo. Njengoba inedivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi, i-wiring yayo nayo inenombolo enkulu yezintambo. Kuzinzwa eziphambili kakhulu, izintambo zingaba nezintambo eziyisithupha. Ngamunye wabo unezimpawu zawo (ungqimba lwe-insulating lunemibala ngombala wawo), ngakho-ke, lapho uxhuma idivayisi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke i-pinout ukuze inzwa isebenze kahle.

Nayi injongo yalezi zingcingo:

• Okuphuzi - kukhishwe i-heater;
• Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - okuhle nge-heater;
• Okumhlophe - futha ucingo lwesiginali lwamanje (LP I +);
• Okuhlaza okotshani - futha ikhebula lesiginali yamanje (LP II +);
• Ikhebula elimpunga - lesigumbi segumbi lokulinganisa (VS +);
• Okumnyama yikhebula lokuxhuma phakathi kwamakhamera.

Ezinye izinhlobo zinekhebuli le-orange ku-wiring. Kuvame ukutholakala ku-pinout yezinzwa zezinhlobo zezimoto zaseMelika. Lolu lwazi ludingeka kakhulu kubasebenzi besiteshi sesevisi, futhi kumshayeli ojwayelekile kwanele ukwazi ukuthi i-wiring ayonakalisiwe futhi ama-chips wokuxhumana axhumeke kahle koxhumana nabo beyunithi yokulawula.

Ukungasebenzi kahle nemiphumela yako

Inzwa esebenzayo ye-nitric oxide ayinikezeli nje kuphela ukukhishwa okungaphezulu kwemvelo, kepha futhi ngezinga elithile kunciphisa ubukhulu beyunithi yamandla. Le divayisi ikuvumela ukuthi ucubungule ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngemithwalo ephansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, injini izosebenzisa inani eliphansi likaphethiloli, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ingxube ye-air-fuel izoshisa kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uma inzwa yehluleka, khona-ke izodlulisa isignali ngokunensa noma le pulse izoba buthakathaka kakhulu, noma kuphuma kuyunithi lokulawula ledivayisi. Lapho i-ECU ingabhalisi isignali evela kule nzwa noma lesi sifutho sibuthakathaka kakhulu, i-elekthronikhi iya kwimodi ephuthumayo. Ngokuya nge-firmware yasefektri, i-algorithm iyasebenza, ngokuya ngokuthi inhlanganisela ecebile inikezwa ngamasilinda. Isinqumo esifanayo sithathwa lapho i-knock sensor ihluleka, esikhulume ngayo. kokunye ukubuyekeza.

Kwimodi yezimo eziphuthumayo, akunakwenzeka ukufeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwemoto. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyabonakala ebangeni lamaphesenti ayi-15-20, futhi nangaphezulu kwimodi yasemadolobheni.

Uma inzwa iphukile, khona-ke isisusa sokugcina siqala ukusebenza ngokungafanele ngenxa yokuthi umjikelezo wokutakula wephuliwe. Uma imoto ihlolelwa ukuhambisana namazinga ezemvelo, khona-ke ukushintshwa kwalesi senzwa kuyimpoqo, ngoba ngenxa yokusebenza okungalungile kohlelo lwe-neutralization, inani elikhulu lezinto ezinobuthi likhishelwa emvelweni, futhi imoto ngeke idlule ukulawula.

Ngokuqondene nokuxilongwa, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubona ukuwohloka kwenzwa ethuthukile ngekhodi lephutha elithile. Uma ugxila kule parameter kuphela, kuzofanela ushintshe wonke ama-probe. Ukuzimisela okunembile kokungasebenzi kahle kungenzeka kuphela esikhungweni sesevisi usebenzisa ukuxilongwa kwamakhompyutha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-oscilloscope isetshenziswa (kuchazwa lapha).

Ukukhetha inzwa entsha

Emakethe yezingxenye zezimoto, ungathola izingxenye zebhajethi. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sezinzwa ze-nitrogen oxide, lokhu akunakwenziwa - izimpahla zokuqala zithengiswa ezitolo. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi le divayisi isebenzisa izinto ezibizayo ezinikeza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Izindleko zezinzwa ezishibhile ngeke zehluke kakhulu kuzindleko zangempela.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvimbeli abakhiqizi abangathembekile ukuthi bazame ukuklama imishini ebiza kakhulu (intengo yenzwa ingafana nezingxenye zemoto, isibonelo, iphaneli lomzimba noma ifasitela lomoya kwezinye izinhlobo zemoto).

Ngaphandle, inkohliso ayihlukile kweyasekuqaleni. Ngisho nezitika zomkhiqizo zingafaneleka. Ukuphela kwento ezosiza ukuqaphela inkohliso yikhwalithi empofu yokufakwa kwekhebula nezingcezu zokuxhumana. Ibhodi lapho kuthintwa khona iyunithi yokulawula ne-chip yokuxhumana nalo lizoba sezingeni elibi kakhulu. Kule ngxenye, i-fake izophinde iswele ukufudumeza okushisayo, umswakama nokudlidliza.

Kungcono ukuthenga imikhiqizo kubakhiqizi abaziwayo, isibonelo, i-Denso ne-NTK (abakhiqizi baseJapan), iBosch (imikhiqizo yaseJalimane). Uma ukukhetha kwenziwa ngekhathalogi ye-elekthronikhi, khona-ke kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngekhodi ye-VIN. Le yindlela elula yokuthola idivayisi yangempela. Ungaphinda useshe imikhiqizo ngekhodi yenzwa, kepha ezimweni eziningi lolu lwazi alwaziwa kumshayeli ojwayelekile.

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola izimpahla zabakhiqizi abalwe ohlwini, kufanele unake ukupakisha. Kungakhombisa ukuthi umthengi unemikhiqizo ye-OEM edayiswe yinkampani yokupakisha. Imvamisa ukufakwa kuzoba nezimpahla zabakhiqizi abasohlwini.

Abashayeli abaningi babuza lo mbuzo: kungani le nzwa ibiza kangaka? Isizathu ukuthi izinsimbi eziyigugu zisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa, futhi umsebenzi wayo uhlotshaniswa nesilinganiso sokunemba okuphezulu kanye nomthombo omkhulu womsebenzi.

isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, inzwa ye-nitric oxide ingenye yamadivayisi amaningi kagesi ngaphandle kwayo okungekho moto wanamuhla osebenzayo. Uma imishini enjalo yehluleka, umshayeli kuzofanele asebenzise imali kanzima. Akuzona zonke iziteshi zesevisi ezizokwazi ukuxilonga kahle ukungasebenzi kwayo.

Ngaphandle kwezindleko eziphezulu zokuxilonga, ubunzima bedivayisi nobuqili bomsebenzi, inzwa ye-NOx inensiza ende. Ngalesi sizathu, abashayeli abavamile ukubhekana nesidingo sokushintsha le mishini. Kepha uma inzwa iphukile, kuzodingeka uyibheke phakathi kwemikhiqizo yangempela.

Ngokwengeziwe, sinikeza ividiyo emfushane mayelana nokusebenza kwenzwa okuxoxwe ngayo ngenhla:

22/34: Ukuxilongwa kohlelo lokulawulwa kwenjini kaphethiloli. Inzwa ye-NOX. Umbono.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yenzani inzwa ye-NOx? Le nzwa ithola ama-nitrogen oxide kumagesi e-exhaust emoto. Ifakwe kuzo zonke izimoto zesimanje ukuze ezokuthutha zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zemvelo.

Itholakala kuphi inzwa ye-NOx? Ifakwe eduze kwe-catalyst ukuze iyunithi yokulawula ikwazi ukulungisa ukusebenza kwenjini ukuze kube ngcono ukuvutha kukaphethiloli kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwezinto eziyingozi ekuphumeni.

Kungani i-NOx iyingozi? Ukuhogela le gesi kuyingozi empilweni yomuntu. Ukuhlangana kwento engaphezu kuka-60 ppm kubangela ukuzwa okushisayo emaphashini. Ukugxila okuphansi kubangela ubuhlungu bekhanda, izinkinga zamaphaphu. Kuyabulala ekugxiliseni okuphezulu.

Yini i-NOX? Leli igama eliyiqoqo lama-nitrogen oxides (NO kanye no-NO2), avela ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali okuhambisana nokusha. I-NO2 yakheka lapho ithintana nomoya obandayo.