Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwe-valve mpintsha

I-valve mpintsha ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zohlelo lokungenisa lwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Emotweni, itholakala phakathi kokuphindaphindeka kokudla kanye nesihlungi somoya. Ezinjini zikadizili, akufuneki i-throttle, noma kunjalo, isafakwe ezinjini zesimanje uma kwenzeka iphuthuma. Isimo siyefana nangezinjini zikaphethiloli ezine-valve lift control system. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-valve mpintsha ukunikezela nokulawula ukugeleza komoya okudingekayo ukwakha ingxube kaphethiloli womoya. Ngakho-ke, ukuzinza kwezinjini ezisebenza ngezinjini, izinga lokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nezimpawu zemoto iyonke kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle kwesidambisi.

Chokha idivayisi

Ngamagama asebenzayo, i-valve mpintsha iyi-wastegate. Esimweni esivulekile, ingcindezi ohlelweni lokungenisa ilingana nomoya. Njengoba ivalwa, iyancipha, isondela kunani le-vacuum (lokhu kwenzeka ngoba empeleni injini isebenza njengephampu). Kungalesi sizathu ukuthi i-vacuum brake booster ixhunywe kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla. Ngokwesakhiwo, i-damper uqobo lwayo luyipuleti eliyindilinga elingazungeziswa ngama-degree angama-90. Olunye uguquko olunjalo umjikelezo osuka ekuvuleni okugcwele uye ekuvaleni i-valve.

Umzimba we-throttle (module) ufaka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Indlu ifakwe imibhobho eminingi. Zixhunywe ekungeneni komoya, ekuvuseleleni umusi kaphethiloli kanye nasezinhlelweni zokupholisa (ukushisa i-damper).
• I-Actuator ebeka i-valve ngokunyakaza ngokucindezela i-pedal yegesi ngumshayeli.
• Izinzwa zokuma, noma ama-potentiometers. Balinganisa i-engeli yokuvula ye-valve mpintsha bese bethumela isignali kuphiko lokulawula injini. Ezinhlelweni zesimanje, kufakwe izinzwa ezimbili zokulawula indawo yokuqina, okungaba nokuxhumana okushelelayo (ama-potentiometers) noma i-magnetoresistive (okungathintwa).
• Umlawuli we-Idling. Kuyadingeka ukugcina isivinini se-crankshaft esinikeziwe kumodi evaliwe. Okusho ukuthi, i-engeli yokuvula encane ye-damper inikezwa lapho i-pedal yegesi ingacindezelwa.

Izinhlobo nezindlela zokusebenza kwe-valve mpintsha

Uhlobo lwe-throttle drive lunquma ukwakheka kwalo, indlela yokusebenza nokulawula. Kungaba ngomshini noma ngogesi (ngogesi).

Imishini yedrayivu yokushayela

Izinhlobo zezimoto ezindala nezisabelomali zine-actuator yemishini yama-valve, lapho i-pedal yegesi ixhunywe khona ngqo ne-valve yokudlula isebenzisa ikhebula elikhethekile. I-mechanical drive ye-valve mpintsha iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• i-accelerator (i-pedal pedal);
• izinduku nezingalo ezijikayo;
• intambo yensimbi.

Ukucindezela i-pedal yegesi kuqalisa uhlelo lokuchofoza lwe-levers, izinduku nekhebula, okuphoqa i-damper ukuthi ijikeleze (ivuleke). Ngenxa yalokhu, umoya uqala ukugeleza ungene ohlelweni bese kwakheka ingxube kaphethiloli womoya. Uma kunikezwa umoya omningi, uphethiloli uzongena ngokwengeziwe futhi, ngokufanele, ijubane lizokwenyuka. Lapho i-accelerator isendaweni engasebenzi, i-mpintsha izobuyela endaweni evaliwe. Ngokungeziwe kumodi eyisisekelo, amasistimu womshini angafaka futhi ukulawula okwenziwa ngesandla kwesimo sokumpintsha usebenzisa isibambo esikhethekile.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwedrayivu ye-elektroniki

Uhlobo lwesibili nolwesimanjemanje lwama-dampers i-throttle kagesi (esebenza ngogesi futhi elawulwa ngogesi). Umehluko wayo ophambili yile:

• Akukho ukuxhumana okuqondile kwemishini phakathi kwephedali kanye ne-damper. Esikhundleni salokho, kusetshenziswa i-electronic control, evumela ne-torque yenjini ukuthi yehluke ngaphandle kwesidingo sokucindezela i-pedal.
• Ijubane elingenzi lutho lenjini lilungiswa ngokuzenzakalela ngokuhambisa impintsha.

Uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi lubandakanya:

• izinzwa zegesi kanye ne-throttle position sensors;
• iyunithi yokulawula izinjini kagesi (i-ECU);
• idrayivu kagesi.

I-elekthronikhi yokulawula izimpungushe ibuye icabangele amasiginali avela ku-gearbox, uhlelo lokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu, ibreak pedal position sensor, cruise control.

Uma ucindezela i-accelerator, inzwa yesikhundla segesi, equkethe ama-potentiometer amabili azimele, ishintsha ukumelana kwesekethe, okuyisiginali yunithi yokulawula ngogesi. Lesi sakamuva sidlulisa umyalo ofanele kudrayivu kagesi (imoto) bese siguqula i-valve mpintsha. Isikhundla salo sona sibhekwa izinzwa ezifanele. Bathumela imininingwane ngempendulo ngesikhundla esisha se-valve ku-ECU.

Inzwa yesimo samanje se-throttle i-potentiometer enezimpawu eziningi futhi ukumelana okuphelele kwe-8 kΩ. Itholakala emzimbeni wayo futhi iphendula ukujikeleza kwe-eksisi, iguqula i-angle yokuvula i-valve ibe yi-DC voltage.

Esimweni esivaliwe se-valve, i-voltage izoba cishe yi-0,7V, futhi endaweni evulekile ngokuphelele, kuzoba cishe nge-4V. Lesi siginali sitholwa yisilawuli, ngaleyo ndlela sifunde ngamaphesenti wokuvulwa kwe-mpintsha. Ngokuya ngalokhu, inani likaphethiloli onikezwayo liyabalwa.

Ama-waveforms wokukhipha ama-damper position sensors ahlukahlukene. Umehluko phakathi kwamanani amabili uthathwa njengesiginali yokulawula. Le ndlela isiza ukubhekana nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka.

Insizakalo ye-mpintsha nokulungiswa

Uma i-throttle ihluleka, imodyuli yayo ishintsha ngokuphelele, kepha kwezinye izimo kwanele ukwenza ukulungiswa (ukuguqulwa) noma ukuhlanzwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokunembe kakhudlwana amasistimu ane-drive kagesi, kuyadingeka ukuvumelanisa noma ukufundisa i-valve mpintsha. Le nqubo ifaka ukugcina idatha kuzindawo ze-valve ezeqisayo (ukuvula nokuvala) kwimemori yesilawuli.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-valve mpintsha kuyimpoqo kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Lapho ushintsha noma ubeka kabusha kabusha iyunithi yokulawulwa kwe-elektroniki yenjini yemoto.
• Lapho ushintsha i-damper.
• Uma i-idling engazinzile yenjini iyaziwa.

Umzimba we-throttle uqeqeshwe esiteshini sesevisi usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile (ama-scanner). Ukungenelela okungenzi umsebenzi kungaholela ekuguqulweni okungalungile nasekuwohlokeni kokusebenza kwemoto.

Uma kwenzeka inkinga ngasohlangothini lwenzwa, ukukhanya kwenkinga kudeshibhodi kuzokhanyisa. Lokhu kungakhombisa ukusethwa okungalungile kanye noxhumana naye owephukile. Okunye ukungasebenzi kahle okuvamile ukuvuza komoya, okungatholwa ngokukhuphuka okukhulu kwejubane lenjini.

Naphezu kokulula komklamo, kungcono ukubeka ukuxilongwa nokulungiswa kwe-valve mpintsha kuchwepheshe onolwazi. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukonga, ukunethezeka, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukusebenza ngokuphepha kwemoto futhi kwandise impilo yesevisi yenjini.