Injini kaphethiloli: idivaysi, inqubo yokusebenza, izinzuzo nezinkinga

Ukuze imoto ikwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela, kufanele ifakwe into yamandla ezokhiqiza i-torque futhi idlulisele la mandla emasondweni okushayela. Ngale njongo, abadali bamadivayisi we-mechanical bakhiqize injini yomlilo yangaphakathi noma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Umgomo wokusebenza kweyunithi ukuthi inhlanganisela kaphethiloli nomoya kuyashiswa ekwakhiweni kwayo. Imoto yakhelwe ukusebenzisa amandla akhishwe kule nqubo ukuzungezisa amasondo.

Ngaphansi kwesigqoko semoto yesimanje kungafakwa uphethiloli, udizili noma amandla kagesi. Kulesi sibuyekezo, sizogxila ekuguqulweni kukaphethiloli: iyunithi isebenza kuphi, iyiphi idivayisi enayo nezinye izincomo ezisebenzayo zendlela yokwandisa insiza yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Yini injini yemoto kaphethiloli

Ake siqale ngamagama asetshenziswayo. Injini kaphethiloli iyunithi yamandla wepiston esebenza ngokushisa inhlanganisela yomoya nophethiloli emigodini ekhethwe ngokukhethekile. Imoto ingagcwaliswa ngophethiloli ngezinombolo ezihlukile ze-octane (A92, A95, A98, njll.). Ngemininingwane engaphezulu yokuthi iyini inombolo ye-octane, bheka kwesinye isihloko... Kuchaza nokuthi kungani izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zikaphethiloli kungathenjelwa kuzinjini ezahlukahlukene, noma ngabe kunguphethiloli.

Ngokuya ngokuthi umenzi we-automaker ulandela muphi umgomo, izimoto ezivela kulayini womhlangano zingafakelwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamayunithi kagesi. Uhlu lwezizathu nokumaketha kwenkampani (yonke imoto entsha kufanele ithole uhlobo oluthile lokuvuselelwa, futhi abathengi bavame ukunaka uhlobo lwe-powertrain), kanye nezidingo zababukeli abaphambili.

Ngakho-ke, imodeli efanayo yemoto, kodwa enezinjini ezihlukile zikaphethiloli, ingahle iphume efektri yomkhiqizo wezimoto. Isibonelo, kungaba inguqulo yezomnotho enganakwa kakhulu ngabathengi abahola kancane. Ngenye indlela, umenzi angahlinzeka ngokuguqulwa okunamandla okwanelisa izidingo zabalandeli bokushayela okusheshayo.

Futhi, ezinye izimoto kufanele zikwazi ukuthwala imithwalo ehloniphekile, enjengokuthwebula (yini okucacile kwalolu hlobo lomzimba, funda ngokwehlukana). Uhlobo olwehlukile lwemoto nalo luyadingeka kulezi zimoto. Imvamisa, umshini onjalo uzoba nevolumu yokusebenza ethokozisayo yeyunithi (ukuthi ibalwa kanjani le parameter ukubuyekeza okuhlukile).

Ngakho-ke, izinjini zikaphethiloli zinika amandla ama-auto brand ukudala amamodeli ezimoto anezici ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe ukuze azivumelanise nezidingo ezahlukahlukene, kusuka ezimotweni zedolobha elincane kuya kumaloli amakhulu.

Izinhlobo zezinjini zikaphethiloli

Imininingwane eminingi ehlukile ikhonjisiwe kuzincwajana zezinhlobo ezintsha zemoto. Phakathi kwabo kuchazwa uhlobo lwamandla kagesi. Uma ezimotweni zokuqala kwakwanele ukukhombisa uhlobo lukaphethiloli osetshenzisiwe (udizili noma uphethiloli), khona-ke namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo zokulungiswa kukaphethiloli.

Kunemikhakha eminingana ahlukaniswa ngayo la mandla kagesi:

1. Inani amasilinda. Esikhathini inguqulo zakudala umshini ifakwe ezine-cylinder motor. Ikhiqiza ngokwengeziwe, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibe namandla kakhulu, ibe namasilinda ayi-6, 8 noma ayi-18. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nezinyunithi ezinenani elincane lamabhodwe. Isibonelo, iToyota Aygo ifakwe injini kaphethiloli engu-1.0 litre enamasilinda ama-3. IPeugeot 107 nayo ithole uphiko olufanayo.
2. Isakhiwo se-cylinder block. Esikhathini version zakudala (4-cylinder ukuguqulwa) injini in-line ilungiselelo amasilinda. Kakhulu zifakwa zibheka, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa nozakwabo abatshekile. Idizayini elandelayo ethole ukwethenjwa kwabashayeli abaningi yiyunithi ye-V-cylinder. Ekuguqulweni okunjalo, kuhlale kunenombolo yamabhodwe abhangqiwe, atholakala engeli elithile elihlobene nelinye. Imvamisa lo mklamo usetshenziselwa ukonga isikhala egumbini lenjini, ikakhulukazi uma kuyinjini enkulu (ngokwesibonelo, inamasilinda ayi-8, kepha ithatha isikhala esifana ne-4-cylinder analogue). Abanye abakhiqizi bafaka i-powertrain emise okwe-W ezimotweni zabo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwehlukile kwi-analogue emise okwe-V yi-camber eyengeziwe ye-cylinder block, esesigabeni enesimo sohlamvu W. Olunye uhlobo lwezinjini ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje umshayi wesibhakela noma umshayisibhakela. Imininingwane yokuthi injini enjalo ihlelwe kanjani nokuthi isebenza kanjani ichazwa kokunye ukubuyekeza... Isibonelo samamodeli aneyunithi efanayo - iSubaru Forester, iSubaru WRX, iPorsche Cayman, njll.
3. Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli. Ngokwalo mbandela, izinjini zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: i-carburetor nomjovo. Esimweni sokuqala, uphethiloli udonswa egumbini lamafutha lokwenza lo mshini, okususelwa kuwo ngokungenwa okuningana ngomlomo wombhobho. I-injector uhlelo olucindezela ngenkani uphethiloli emgodini lapho kufakwa khona i-injector. Ukusebenza kwale divayisi kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe. lapha... Ama-injectors ayizinhlobo eziningana, ezahlukahluka kuzici zendawo yemibhobho. Ezimotweni ezibiza kakhulu, ama-sprayers afakwa ngqo ekhanda lesilinda.
4. Uhlobo Lubrication uhlelo. I-ICE ngayinye isebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo eyandisiwe, yingakho idinga ukuthambisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Kukhona ukuguqulwa nge wet (umbono zakudala, lapho uwoyela sump) noma eyomile (crankcase inqolobane ehlukile). Imininingwane ngalezi zinhlobo ichaziwe ngokwehlukana.
5. Uhlobo lokupholisa. Izinjini eziningi zezimoto zesimanje zipholile ngamanzi. Kumklamo wakudala, uhlelo olunjalo luzoba ne-radiator, amapayipi nejacket yokupholisa ezungeze ibhulokhi lesilinda. Ukusebenza kwalolu hlelo kuchaziwe lapha... Okunye ukuguqulwa kwamayunithi kagesi kaphethiloli nakho kungapholiswa ngomoya.
6. Uhlobo lomjikelezo. Kukhona ukulungiswa okusha okuphelele: uhlobo lwe-stroke emibili noma uhlobo olune-stroke. Kuchazwa umgomo wokusebenza kokuguqulwa unhlangothi okubili kwesinye isihloko... Ake sibheke ukuthi imodeli ye-4-stroke isebenza kanjani kamuva.
7. Uhlobo lokungenisa umoya. Umoya wokulungiselela ingxube kaphethiloli womoya ungangena ezindlekweni zokungenisa ngezindlela ezimbili. Izinhlobo eziningi zakudala ze-ICE zinohlelo lokudla lwasemkhathini. Kuwo, umoya ungena ngenxa yegebe elenziwe yi-piston, liya esikhungweni esingaphansi esifile. Ngokuya ngohlelo lokujova, kufafazwa ingxenye kaphethiloli kulo mfula phambi kwe-valve yokufaka, noma ngaphambi kwalokho, kepha endleleni ehambelana nesilinda esithile. Kumjovo we-mono, ofana nokuguqulwa kwe-carburetor, kufakwa umbhobho owodwa kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla, bese i-BTC imunca isilinda esithile. Imininingwane ngokusebenza kohlelo lokungenisa ichaziwe lapha... Emayunithi abiza kakhulu, uphethiloli ungafuthwa ngqo kwisilinda uqobo. Ngaphezu kwenjini efiswa ngokwemvelo, kukhona nenguqulo ye-turbocharged. Kuwo, umoya wokulungiselela i-MTC ujojowe usebenzisa i-turbine ekhethekile. Inganikwa amandla ngokuhamba kwamagesi okukhipha noma ngemoto kagesi.

Ngokuqondene nezici zokuklama, umlando wazi amayunithi amaningi wamandla angajwayelekile. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-Wankel engine kanye ne-valveless model. Imininingwane yamamodeli wokusebenza amaningana ama-motors anomklamo ongavamile ayachazwa lapha.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwenjini kaphethiloli

Izinjini eziningi zomlilo zangaphakathi ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje zisebenza ngomjikelezo onama-stroke amane. Kususelwa kumgomo ofanayo njenganoma iyiphi enye i-ICE. Ukuze iyunithi ikwazi ukukhiqiza inani lamandla adingekayo ukuzungezisa amasondo, isilinda ngasinye kufanele sigcwaliswe ngokujikeleza ngenhlanganisela yomoya nophethiloli. Le ngxenye kufanele icindezelwe, ngemuva kwalokho ikhanyiswe ngosizo lwenhlansi ekhiqizayo inhlansi plug.

Ukuze amandla akhishwe ngesikhathi somlilo aguqulwe abe amandla kagesi, i-VTS kufanele ishiswe esikhaleni esivaliwe. Into esemqoka esusa amandla akhululiwe yi-piston. Iyanyakaziswa ku-cylinder, futhi igxiliswe kumshini wokuphamba we-crankshaft.

Lapho ingxube yomoya / kaphethiloli ivutha, kubangela ukuthi amagesi akule silinda anwebe. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingcindezi enkulu itholakala ku-piston, yeqa ingcindezi yasemkhathini, futhi iqala ukuthuthela esikhungweni esingaphansi esifile, ijika i-crankshaft. Kuleli shaft kunamathisela ifreyimu, okuxhunywe kuyo u-gearbox. Kusuka kuyo, i-torque idluliselwa emasondweni okushayela (ngaphambili, ngemuva, noma esimweni semoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo - wonke angu-4).

Ngomjikelezo owodwa wemoto, imivimbo engu-4 yenziwa ngesilinda esihlukile. Yilokhu abakwenzayo.

Okungenayo

Ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, i-piston isesikhungweni esiphezulu esifile (ikamelo elingenhla kwalo okwamanje alinalutho). Ngenxa yomsebenzi wamasilinda aseduze, i-crankshaft iyajika idonse induku yokuxhuma, ehambisa ipiston phansi. Okwamanje, indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ivula i-valve yokungenisa (kungaba neyodwa noma emibili).

Ngembobo evulekile, isilinda siqala ukugcwalisa ingxenye entsha yenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya. Kulokhu, umoya uxubene nophethiloli emgodini wokungenisa (injini ye-carburetor noma imodeli yokujova enamaphoyinti amaningi). Le ngxenye yenjini ingaba ngemiklamo ehlukene. Kukhona nezinketho ezishintsha i-geometry yazo, ekuvumela ukuthi wandise ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ngejubane elihlukile. Imininingwane mayelana nalolu hlelo ichaziwe lapha.

Ezinguqulweni ezinomjovo oqondile, kuphela umoya ongena kwisilinda lapho kushaywa unyawo. Uphethiloli ufafazwa lapho ukuqedwa kokucinana kuqediwe kusilinda.

Lapho i-piston ingezansi kwesilinda, indlela yokuvala isikhathi ivala i-valve yokufaka. Isilinganiso esilandelayo siqala.

Ukucindezela

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-crankshaft iyaphenduka (futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo sama-piston asebenza kuma-cylinders aseduze), futhi i-piston iqala ukuphakama ngenduku yokuxhuma. Wonke ama-valve asekhanda lesilinda avaliwe. Inhlanganisela kaphethiloli ayinandawo lapho ingaya khona futhi iyasivumelwano.

Njengoba i-piston iya ku-TDC, ingxube yomoya-uphethiloli iyashisa (ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuvusa ukucindezelwa okunamandla, okubizwa nangokuthi ukucindezela). Amandla okucindezelwa kwengxenye ye-BTC athinta ukusebenza okunamandla. Ukucindezela kungahluka kusuka kumoto kuya kumoto. Ngokwengeziwe, siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze izihloko uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokucindezelwa nokucindezelwa.

Lapho i-piston ifinyelela eqophelweni eliphezulu phezulu, i-spark plug idala ukukhipha, ngenxa yokuthi inhlanganisela kaphethiloli iyasha. Ngokuya ngejubane le-injini, le nqubo ingaqala ngaphambi kokuba ipiston ikhuphuke ngokugcwele, ngokushesha ngalo mzuzu noma kamuva.

Enjini eqondile yomjovo kaphethiloli, kuphela umoya ocindezelweyo. Kulokhu, kufuthwa uphethiloli kwisilinda ngaphambi kokuba kuphume ipiston. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukukhishwa kuyenziwa futhi uphethiloli uqala ukushisa. Bese kuqala isilinganiso sesithathu.

Ukusebenza unhlangothi

Lapho i-VTS ikhanyisiwe, imikhiqizo yomlilo iyanda esikhaleni esingenhla kwepiston. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphezu kwamandla angenawo amandla, ingcindezi yamagesi anwebekayo iqala ukusebenza kwi-piston, iphinde ihambe iye phansi futhi. Ngokuphambene nokushaywa unhlangothi, amandla kagesi awasadluliswa asuswe ku-crankshaft aye e-piston, kepha ngokuphambene nalokho - i-piston iphusha induku yokuxhuma bese ijika i-crankshaft.

Amanye alawa mandla asetshenziselwa ukwenza eminye imivimbo kumasilinda aseduze. I-torque esele isuswa ngu-gearbox bese idluliselwa emasondweni okushayela.

Ngesikhathi sokushaywa unhlangothi, wonke ama-valve avaliwe ukuze amagesi anwebekayo asebenze kuphela kwi-piston. Lo mjikelezo uphela lapho i-elementi ehamba kusilinda ifinyelela esikhungweni esingaphansi esifile. Bese kuqala isilinganiso sokugcina somjikelezo.

Khipha

Ngokuguqula i-crankshaft, i-piston inyuka futhi. Okwamanje, i-valve yokukhipha iyavula (eyodwa noma ezimbili, kuya ngohlobo lwesikhathi). Amagesi emfucuza kufanele asuswe.

Njengoba i-piston inyuka, amagesi e-exhaust akhishwa emgodini wokukhipha. Ngokwengeziwe, umsebenzi wayo uchaziwe lapha... Unhlangothi uphela lapho i-piston isendaweni ephezulu. Lokhu kuqeda umjikelezo wezimoto bese kuqala okusha ngesifo sohlangothi sokudla.

Ukuqedwa kwesifo sohlangothi akuhambisani njalo nokuvalwa okuphelele kwe-valve ethile. Kwenzeka ukuthi ama-valve wokudla nawokukhipha ahlale evulekile isikhashana. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokungenisa umoya nokugcwalisa amasilinda.

Ngakho-ke, ukunyakaza kwama-rectilinear we-piston kuguqulwa kube ukujikeleza ngenxa yomklamo othile we-crankshaft. Onke ama-classic piston motors asekelwe kulesi simiso.

Uma uphiko lukadizili lusebenza kuphela kuphethiloli kadizili, inguqulo kaphethiloli ingasebenza hhayi kuphethiloli kuphela, kodwa nakugesi (propane-butane). Imininingwane eminingi yokuthi ukufakwa okunjalo kuzosebenza kanjani ichaziwe lapha.

Izakhi ezisemqoka zenjini kaphethiloli

Ukuze konke ukushaya kwenjini kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele nangokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, iyunithi yamandla kufanele ibe nezingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela. Idivayisi yazo zonke izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi zepiston zifaka izingxenye ezilandelayo.

Isilinda block

Eqinisweni, lona ngumzimba wenjini kaphethiloli, lapho kwenziwa khona iziteshi zejakhethi lokupholisa, izindawo zokunamathisela izikopelo namasilinda ngokwawo. Kukhona ukulungiswa ngamasilinda afakwe eceleni.

Ngokuyinhloko, le ngxenye yenziwe nge-cast iron, kodwa ngenxa yokonga isisindo kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto, abakhiqizi bangenza amabhulokhi e-aluminium. Zintekenteke ngokwengeziwe uma ziqhathaniswa ne-analogue yakudala.

Piston

Le ngxenye, eyingxenye yeqembu le-cylinder-piston, ithatha isenzo samagesi akhulayo futhi inikeze ingcindezi crankhaft crank. Lapho kwenziwa imivimbo yokudla, yokucinana neyokukhipha, le ngxenye idala i-vacuum kusilinda, icindezele ingxube kaphethiloli nomoya, futhi isuse nemikhiqizo yomlilo embotsheni.

Isakhiwo, izinhlobo nezinqubo zokusebenza kwalesi sici zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe. kokunye ukubuyekeza... Ngamafuphi, ohlangothini lwama-valve, lungaba yicaba noma ngekhefu. Ukusuka ngaphandle, ixhunywe ngophini wensimbi kuya endukwini yokuxhuma.

Ukuvimbela amagesi okukhipha ngaphandle ukuthi angene esikhaleni se-sub-piston lapho ucindezela amagesi wokukhipha ngesikhathi sokushaywa kokusebenza, le ngxenye ifakwe ama-O-rings amaningi. Mayelana nomsebenzi wabo nokuklama kwabo kukhona isihloko esihlukile.

Ukuxhuma induku

Le ngxenye ixhumanisa i-piston ne-crankshaft crank. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sici kuncike ohlotsheni lwenjini. Isibonelo, enjinini emise okwe-V, izinduku ezimbili zokuxhuma zepheya ngalinye lamasilinda zinamathiselwe ku-crankshaft eyodwa yokuxhuma induku.

Ikakhulu insimbi enamandla amakhulu isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwale ngxenye, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa nozakwabo be-aluminium.

I-Crankshaft

Lona ngumphini oqukethe ama-cranks. Izinduku zokuxhuma zixhunywe kubo. I-crankshaft okungenani inamabheringi amabili aphambili kanye nama-counterweights akhokhela ukudlidlizela ngisho nokujikeleza kwe-axis shaft nokunciphisa amandla e-inertia. Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nedivayisi yale ngxenye ichaziwe ngokwehlukana.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufakwa i-pulley yesikhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-flywheel inamathele ku-crankshaft. Ngenxa yalesi sici, kungenzeka ukuqala imoto usebenzisa ukuqala.

Amaphayiphu

Engxenyeni engenhla yenjini kufakwa isilinda ikhanda ama-valve... Lezi zinto zivula / zivala amachweba wokungena nawokungena we-stroke oyifunayo.

Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zingxenye zilayishwa entwasahlobo. Baqhutshwa yi-camshaft yesikhathi. Le shaft ivumelaniswa ne-crankshaft ngebhande noma nge-chain drive.

Spark plug

Abashayeli abaningi bayazi ukuthi injini kadizili isebenza ngokushisa umoya onomfutho oyisilinda. Lapho kufakwa uphethiloli kule ndlela, ingxube kaphethiloli womoya ushiswa ngokushesha yizinga lokushisa lomoya. Ngeyunithi kaphethiloli, isimo sihlukile. Ukuze ingxube ibase, idinga inhlansi kagesi.

Uma ukuminyaniswa kwenjini kaphethiloli yomlilo wangaphakathi kukhushulwa kube inani eliseduze nalolo kunjini kadizili, lapho-ke, ukuba nenombolo ephezulu ye-octane, uphethiloli onokushisa okunamandla kungasha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunesidingo. Lokhu kuzolimaza iyunithi.

Ipulaki inikwe amandla uhlelo lokushisa. Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, lolu hlelo lungaba nedivayisi ehlukile. Imininingwane ngezinhlobonhlobo ichaziwe lapha.

Izinjini zokusebenza kwe-petroli

Ayikho injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ekwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezisizayo. Ukuze imoto yemoto iqale nhlobo, kufanele ivumelaniswe nezinhlelo ezinjalo:

1. Okokhelekayo. Inikezela ngophethiloli emgqeni oya kubajovo (uma kuyunithi lomjovo) noma ku-carburetor. Lolu hlelo lubandakanyekile ekulungiseleleni ukubambisana kwezempi nobuchwepheshe. Ezimotweni zesimanje, ingxube yomoya / kaphethiloli ilawulwa ngogesi.
2. Ukuthungela. Kuyingxenye kagesi enikezela ngemoto inhlansi ezinzile yesilinda ngayinye. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlelo: uhlobo lokuxhumana, uhlobo lokuxhumana kanye ne-microprocessor. Zonke zinquma umzuzu lapho kudingeka khona inhlansi, zikhiqize amandla aphezulu futhi zisabalalise umfutho kukhandlela elihambisanayo. Azikho kulezi zinhlelo ezizosebenza uma zinamaphutha inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft.
3. Lubricating nokupholisa. Ukuze izingxenye zezinjini zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo (ukulayishwa okuqhubekayo kwemishini nokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu, kweminye iminyango kukhuphukela ngaphezu kwama-degree ayi-1000), zidinga ukuthambisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu nokuhlala njalo, kanye nokupholisa. Lezi izinhlelo ezimbili ezihlukene, kepha ukuthambisa okusemotweni nakho kuvumela ukushisa ukuthi kususwe ngezinga elithile ezingxenyeni ezifudumele kakhulu, njengama-piston.
4. Khipha. Ukuze imoto enenjini egijimayo ingabesabisi abanye ngomsindo ovala izindlebe, ithola uhlelo lwekhwalithi ephezulu yokukhipha. Ngaphezu kokusebenza okuzolile komshini, lolu hlelo luqinisekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwezinto eziyingozi eziqukethwe ku-exhaust (yalokhu, umshini kufanele ubekhona isiguquli se-catalytic).
5. Ukusatshalaliswa kwegesi. Le yingxenye yenjini (isikhathi sisekhanda lesilinda). I-camshaft ivula ama-valve wokungena / wokungena ngokushintshana, ukuze amasilinda enze unhlangothi ofanele ngesikhathi.

Lawa amasistimu amakhulu abonga lapho iyunithi ingasebenza khona. Ngaphezu kwabo, amandla kagesi angathola ezinye izindlela ezandisa ukusebenza kwawo kahle. Isibonelo salokhu ishifter yesigaba. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ususe ukusebenza okuphezulu kunoma yisiphi isivinini senjini. Ilungisa ukuphakama nesikhathi sokuvulwa kwe-valve, okuthinta amandla womshini. Isimiso sokusebenza nezinhlobo zezinqubo ezinjalo zibhekwa ngokuningiliziwe. ngokwehlukana.

Ungakugcina kanjani ukusebenza kwenjini kaphethiloli ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokusebenza?

Umnikazi wemoto ngamunye ucabanga ukuthi angayandisa kanjani impilo yokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla emoto yakhe. Ngaphambi kokuba sicabangele ukuthi yini angayenzela lokhu, kufanelekile ukucabangela isici esibaluleke kakhulu esithinta impilo yemoto. Le yikhwalithi yokwakha nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa i-automaker lapho yenza lokhu noma leyo yunithi yamandla.

Nazi izinyathelo eziyisisekelo bonke abashayeli okufanele bazilandele:

• Yenza ukunakekelwa kwemoto yakho ngokuya ngemithetho ebekwe ngumkhiqizi;
• Thela uphethiloli osezingeni eliphakeme kuphela ethangini, kanye nohlobo olufanele lwenjini;
• Sebenzisa uwoyela wenjini owenzelwe injini ethile yangaphakathi yomlilo;
• Ungasebenzisi isitayela sokushayela esinolaka, imvamisa uletha injini kuma-revs aphezulu;
• Yenza ukuvimbela ukuwohloka, ngokwesibonelo, ukulungisa ukuvunyelwa kwe-valve. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emotweni ibhande layo. Noma kubonakala ngokubukeka sengathi kusesimweni esihle, kusadingeka ukusishintsha ngokushesha lapho kufika isikhathi esikhonjiswe ngumenzi. Le nto ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe. ngokwehlukana.

Njengoba imoto ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emotweni, wonke umshayeli wemoto kufanele alalele umsebenzi wayo futhi anake nezinguquko ezincane ekusebenzeni kwayo. Nakhu okungakhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yamandla:

• Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, imisindo engaphandle ivele noma ukudlidliza kwande;
• Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ilahlekelwe ngamandla futhi iyabuya lapho icindezela i-pedal yegesi;
• Ukuminza okwandisiwe (igesi mileage ephezulu ingahle ihlotshaniswe nesidingo sokufudumeza injini ebusika noma lapho kushintshwa isitayela sokushayela);
• Izinga likawoyela lehla ngokuqinile futhi igrisi idinga ukugcwaliswa njalo;
• Isipholisi saqala ukunyamalala kwenye indawo, kepha akukho madaka ngaphansi kwemoto, futhi ithangi livaliwe ngokuqinile ngasikhathi sinye;
• Intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuma kumbhobho wokukhipha;
• Izinguquko ezintantayo - zona ngokwazo ziyaphakama futhi zehle, noma umshayeli kudingeka aqhubeke nokufaka umoya ukuze injini ingami (kulokhu, uhlelo lokushisa lungase lube nephutha);
• Iqala kabi noma ingafuni ukuqala nhlobo.

Imoto ngayinye inobuhlakani bayo bomsebenzi, ngakho-ke umshayeli kufanele azijwayeze nawo wonke ama-nuances wokusebenza nokunakekelwa kweyunithi. Uma umshayeli wezimoto ekwazi ukushintsha / ukulungisa ezinye izingxenye noma ngisho nezinqubo emotweni eyedwa, kungcono ukubeka ukuphathwa kweyunithi kungcweti.

Ngokwengeziwe, siphakamisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana okunciphisa umsebenzi wenjini kaphethiloli.

Izinzuzo nezinkinga ze-Universal Gasoline Engines

Uma siqhathanisa udizili kanye nophethiloli, izinzuzo zesibili zifaka:

1. Amandla aphezulu;
2. Umsebenzi ozinzile emazingeni okushisa aphansi;
3. Ukusebenza okuthulile nokudlidliza okuncane (uma iyunithi ihlelwe kahle);
4. Ukugcinwa okungabizi kakhulu (uma singakhulumi ngama-motors akhethekile, isibonelo, abashayisibhakela noma ngohlelo lwe-EcoBoost);
5. Isisetshenziswa esikhulu sokusebenza;
6. Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa uphethiloli wesizini;
7. Ukukhipha okuhlanzekile ngenxa yokungcola okuncane kuphethiloli;
8. Ngamavolumu afanayo nenjini kadizili, lolu hlobo lwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi inamandla amaningi.

Njengoba kunikezwe amandla aphezulu namandla amayunithi kaphethiloli, izimoto eziningi zemidlalo zinazo izikhungo zamandla ezinje.

Mayelana nokugcinwa, lokhu kuguqulwa nakho kunenzuzo yazo. Okusetshenziswayo kubo kushibhile, futhi isondlo ngokwaso asidingi ukwenziwa kaningi. Isizathu ukuthi izingxenye zenjini kaphethiloli zingaphansi kwengcindezi encane kunezifaniso ezisetshenziswa ezinjinini zikadizili.

Yize umshayeli kufanele aqaphele ukuthi ugcwalisa kuphi imoto yakhe kuphethiloli, ukhetho lukaphethiloli aludingi ikhwalithi kaphethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nodizili. Esimweni esibi kakhulu esingenzeka, imibhobho izovala ngokushesha.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinzuzo, la ma-motors anezithiyo ezithile, yingakho abashayeli abaningi bekhetha udizili. Nazi ezinye zazo:

1. Ngaphandle kokusizakala kwamandla, iyunithi enevolumu efanayo izoba ne-torque encane. Kumaloli ezentengiselwano, le yipharamitha ebalulekile.
2. Injini kadizili enokufuduswa okufanayo izodla uphethiloli omncane kunalolu hlobo lweyunithi.
3. Ngokuphathelene nombuso wamazinga okushisa, iyunithi kaphethiloli ingashisa kakhulu ezimotweni zomgwaqo.
4. Uphethiloli uvutha kalula kusuka emithonjeni yokushisa engaphandle. Ngakho-ke, imoto enenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi iyingozi kakhulu emlilweni.

Ukwenza kube lula ukukhetha ukuthi imoto kufanele ibe neyunithi lini, umnikazi wemoto wesikhathi esizayo kumele aqale anqume ukuthi ufunani kwihhashi lakhe lensimbi. Uma kugcizelelwa ukukhuthazela, i-torque ephezulu kanye nomnotho, kusobala ukuthi udinga ukukhetha injini kadizili. Kodwa ngenxa yokushayela okunamandla nokugcinwa okushibhile, kufanele unake uzakwabo kaphethiloli. Vele, ipharamitha yesevisi yesabelomali ingumqondo ovulekile, ngoba incike ngqo esigabeni semoto nezinhlelo ezisetshenzisiwe kuyo.

Ekupheleni kokubuyekezwa, siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ukuqhathaniswa kwevidiyo encane yezinjini zikaphethiloli nedizili:

I-PETROL NOMA I-DESISI? BHEKA BHEKISISA IZINHLOBO EZIMBILI ZEZINJINI.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Isebenza kanjani injini kaphethiloli? Iphampu yamafutha iletha uphethiloli ku-carburetor noma kuma-injection. Ekupheleni kokucindezelwa kwe-stroke kaphethiloli nomoya, ipulaki ye-spark ikhiqiza ukukhishwa kwenhlansi okhela i-BTC, okubangela ukuthi amagesi akhulayo aphushe ipiston.

Isebenza kanjani injini enamasondo amane? I-motor enjalo inomshini wokusabalalisa igesi (ikhanda eline-camshaft litholakala ngaphezu kwamasilinda, avula / avale ama-valve wokungena nokukhipha - i-VTS inikezwa ngabo futhi igesi yokukhipha ikhishwa).

Isebenza kanjani injini enamasondo amabili? Enjinini enjalo ayikho indlela yokusabalalisa igesi. Ukuze uthole ukuguqulwa okukodwa kwe-crankshaft, kwenziwa imijikelezo emibili: ukucindezela kanye nokushaywa kwamandla. Ukugcwaliswa kwe-cylinder nokususwa kwamagesi okukhiphayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa.