Umehluko phakathi kwe-torque namandla ...

Umehluko phakathi kwe-torque namandla umbuzo abantu abaningi abanelukuluku abawubuzayo. Futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala, njengoba lezi datha ezimbili ziphakathi kokufunda kakhulu kumaphepha edatha yezobuchwepheshe bezimoto zethu. Ngakho-ke kungaba okuthakazelisayo ukuhlala kulokho, noma ngabe kungeke kube okusobala kakhulu ...

Okokuqala, ake sicacise ukuthi lo mbhangqwana uveza imizwa yawo UNewton. Imitha namandla ku Amandla amahhashi (lapho sikhuluma ngomshini, ngoba isayensi nezibalo zisebenzisa Watt)

Ingabe umehluko ngempela?

Eqinisweni, ngeke kube lula ukuhlukanisa lezi ziguquko ezimbili, ngoba zihlobene. Kufana nokubuza ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi kwesinkwa nofulawa. Akunangqondo, ngoba ufulawa uyingxenye yesinkwa. Kungaba ngcono ukuqhathanisa izithako enye nenye (isb. amanzi vs ufulawa in ingcosana) kunokuqhathanisa isithako umkhiqizo osuphelile.

Ake sizame ukukuchaza konke lokhu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kwenze kucace ukuthi noma yiluphi usizo oluvela ohlangothini lwakho (ngamazwana angezansi kwekhasi) luzokwamukelwa. Lapho kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuyichaza, abasebenzisi be-Intanethi bayokuqonda ukuqonda ukuxhumana kwale mibono emibili.

Amandla awumphumela wokumatanisa (amagama asinda kancane, ngazi kahle...) isivinini sokujikeleza.

Ngokwezibalo, lokhu kunikeza okulandelayo:

( π I-X Torque kuNm X Mode) / 1000/30 = Amandla ku-kW (okuhumusha amandla wehhashi uma kamuva sifuna ukuba "nomqondo wezimoto ongaphezulu").

Lapha siqala ukuqonda ukuthi ukuziqhathanisa cishe kungumbhedo.

Ukutadisha ijika le-torque / lamandla

Akukho lutho olungcono kunemoto kagesi ukuqonda ngokugcwele ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-torque namandla, noma kunalokho kunjani ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-torque nejubane.

Bona ukuthi linengqondo kangakanani ijika letorque lenjini kagesi, okulula ukuliqonda kunejika lenjini yokushisa. Lapha sibona ukuthi sinikeza i-torque engaguquki futhi ephezulu kakhulu ekuqaleni kwenguquko, okwandisa ijika lamandla. Ngokunengqondo, lapho ngifaka amandla engeziwe ku-axle yokuphotha, izophenduka ngokushesha (ngakho-ke amandla engeziwe). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba i-torque iyancipha (uma ngicindezela kancane kancane ku-axle ejikelezayo, ngiqhubeka nokucindezela noma kunjalo), ijika lamandla liqala ukwehla (nakuba isivinini sokuzungeza siqhubeka nokuncipha). Khuphula). Empeleni, i-torque "inamandla okusheshisa" futhi amandla ayisamba esihlanganisa la mandla kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza kwengxenye ehambayo (i-angular velocity).

Ngabe lezi zithandani ziyaphumelela kukho konke lokhu?

Abanye abantu baqhathanisa kuphela ama-motors nge-torque yabo noma cishe. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyinkohliso ...

Isibonelo nje, uma ngiqhathanisa injini kaphethiloli ekhiqiza u-350 Nm ku-6000 rpm nenjini kadizili ekhiqiza u-400 Nm ngo-3000 rpm, singacabanga ukuthi iyona ezoba namandla okusheshisa kakhulu. Hhayi-ke, cha, kepha sizobuyela ekuqaleni, into esemqoka amandla! Amandla kuphela okufanele asetshenziselwe ukuqhathanisa izinjini (okungcono kakhulu namajika...Ngoba amandla aphezulu ayisiyona yonke into!).

Ngempela, ngenkathi i-torque ikhombisa kuphela i-torque ephezulu, amandla afaka i-torque nejubane lenjini, ngakho-ke sinalo lonke ulwazi (i-torque kuphela eyinkomba ethile kuphela).

Uma sibuyela esibonelweni sethu, lapho-ke singasho ukuthi udizili angaziqhenya ngaye, ekhipha ama-400 Nm nge-3000 rpm. Kepha akumele ukhohlwe ukuthi ku-6000 rpm nakanjani ngeke ikwazi ukuletha ngaphezu kwe-100 Nm (ake seqe iqiniso lokuthi uwoyela awukwazi ukufinyelela kumathani ayi-6000), ngenkathi uphethiloli usengaletha ama-350 Nm ngalelo jubane. Kulesi sibonelo, siqhathanisa injini kadizili eyi-200 hp. ngenjini kaphethiloli 400 hp (izibalo ezisuselwa kumatoski abekiwe), kusuka kokukodwa kuya kokuphindwe kabili.

Sihlala sikhumbula ukuthi lapho into ijika ngokushesha (noma iqhubekela phambili), kulukhuni ukuyithola nokuthi ithathe ijubane. Ngakho-ke, injini eyenza i-torque ephawulekayo nge-rpm ephezulu ikhombisa ukuthi inamandla amakhulu nezinsizakusebenza!

Incazelo ngesibonelo

Benginombono omncane wokuzama ukukuthola konke, ngethemba ukuthi akukubi kangako. Wake wazama ukumisa imoto kagesi enamandla amancane ngeminwe yakho (fan encane, motor kagesi kukhithi yeMecano ngenkathi usemncane, njll.).

Ingazungeza ngokushesha (yithi ama-240 rpm noma ama-4 revolutions ngomzuzwana), singayimisa kalula ngaphandle kokuyilimaza kakhulu (ishaya kancane uma kunezinhlamvu ze-propeller). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-torque yayo ayibalulekile kangako ngakho-ke i-wattage yayo (lokhu kusebenza kumamoto amancane kagesi wamathoyizi nezinye izesekeli ezincane).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ngejubane elifanayo (i-240 rpm) angikwazi ukuyimisa, kusho ukuthi i-torque yayo izoba ngaphezulu, okuzoholela namandla amaningi okugcina (womabili ahlobene ngokwezibalo, kufana nemikhumbi yokuxhumana). Kodwa ijubane lahlala linjalo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwandisa i-torque yenjini, ngandisa amandla ayo, ngoba cishe

Umbhangqwana

X

Isivinini sokujikeleza

= Amandla... (ifomula eyenziwe lula ngokungazelelwe ukusiza ukuqonda: I-Pi nokunye okuguqukayo okubonakala kwifomula ephezulu kususiwe)

Ngakho-ke, ngamandla afanayo anikezwe (yithi 5W, kepha ngubani okhathalelayo) ngingathola noma:

• Imoto ephotha kancane (isb. 1 revolution ngomzuzwana) ene-torque ephezulu ezoba nzima kancane ukuma ngeminwe yakho (ayigijimi ngokushesha, kepha i-torque yayo ephezulu iyinika amandla amakhulu)
• Noma imoto egijima ngo-4 ngomzuzu kodwa ine-torque encane. Lapha, i-torque engezansi inxeshezelwa ngejubane eliphakeme, eliyinika i-inertia eyengeziwe. Kepha ukuma ngeminwe kuzoba lula yize kunejubane eliphakeme.

Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinjini ezimbili zinamandla afanayo, kepha azisebenzi ngendlela efanayo (amandla eza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kepha isibonelo asimele kakhulu lokhu, ngoba kukhawulwe ngejubane elinikeziwe. ijubane lishintsha ngaso sonke isikhathi, elinika amandla amandla adumile kanye ne-torque curve mzuzu). Omunye ujika kancane kanti omunye ujika ngokushesha ... Lona umehluko omncane phakathi kukadizili nophethiloli.

Futhi yingakho amaloli esebenzisa uphethiloli kadizili, ngoba idizili ine-torque ephezulu, ukulimaza ijubane layo lokujikeleza (isivinini esikhulu senjini siphansi kakhulu). Ngempela, kuyadingeka ukukwazi ukuqhubekela phambili, yize kukhona i-trailer enzima kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthethisa injini, njengoba kunjalo nophethiloli (umuntu kuzodingeka akhuphuke imibhoshongo adlale ne-clutch njengokusangana). Udizili udlulisa i-torque ephezulu ngama-revs aphansi, okwenza kube lula ukudonsa futhi ikuvumela ukuthi usuke emotweni emile.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla, i-torque nesivinini senjini

Nakhu okokufaka kwezobuchwepheshe umsebenzisi abelane ngakho esigabeni sokuphawula. Kubukeka kunengqondo kimi ukukufaka ngqo ku-athikili.

Ukuze ungafaki inkinga ngobuningi bomzimba:

Amandla awumkhiqizo wetorque ku-crankshaft kanye nesivinini se-crankshaft ngama-radians/isekhondi.

(khumbula ukuthi ekuvukeleni okungu-2 kwe-crankshaft ngo-6.28 ° kune-1 * pi radians = 360 radians.

I-Donc P = M * W

P -> amandla ku- [W]

M -> i-torque ku- [Nm] (imitha yaseNewton)

W (omega) - isivinini se-angular kuma-radians / isekhondi W = 2 * Pi * F

Nge-Pi = 3.14159 no-F = isivinini se-crankshaft ku-t / s.

Isibonelo esisebenzayo

I-torque yenjini M: 210 Nm

Ijubane lemoto: 3000 rpm -> imvamisa = 3000/60 = 50 rpm

W = 2 * pi * F = 2 * 3.14159 * 50 t / s = 314 radians / s

I-Final Au: P = M * W = 210 Nm * 314 rad / s = 65940 W = 65,94 kW

Ukuguqulwa kwe-CV (amandla wehhashi) 1 hp = 736 W.

Ku-CV sithola i-65940 W / 736 W = 89.6 CV.

(Khumbula ukuthi amandla amahhashi angu-1 amandla amaphakathi ehhashi eligijima ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuma (kumakhenikha, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi amandla alinganiselwe).

Ngakho-ke uma sikhuluma ngemoto eyi-150 hp, kubalulekile ukukhuphula isivinini senjini sifike ku-6000 rpm nge-torque ehlala ikhawulelwe noma yehliswe kancane ibe ngu-175 Nm.

Ngenxa ka-gearbox, okuyi-torque converter, nomehluko, sikhuphuke nge-torque cishe izikhathi ezi-5.

Isibonelo, ngegiya lokuqala, i-torque yenjini escrankshaft engu-1 Nm izonikeza i-210 Nm * 210 = 5 Nm on the wheel of 1050 cm wheel wheel, lokhu kuzonikeza amandla okudonsa ka-30 Nm / 1050 m = 0.3 Nm .

Ku-physics F = m * a = 1 kg * 9.81 m / s2 = 9.81 N (a = Ukusheshisa komhlaba 9.81 m / s2 1G)

Ngakho-ke, i-1 N ifana ne-1 kg / 9.81 m / s2 = 0.102 kg yamandla.

3500 N * 0.102 = 357 kg amandla asunduza imoto akhuphuke umqansa.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lezi zincazelo ezimbalwa ziqinisa ulwazi lwakho lwemibono yamandla ne-torque yokulungisa.