Kuyini crossover, izinzuzo nezingozi

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ama-crossovers asedume kakhulu emakethe yezimoto. Intshisekelo yezimoto ezinjalo ayikhonjiswa kuphela yizakhamizi zasemakhaya, kodwa futhi nalabo abahlala emadolobheni amakhulu.

Ngokusho izibalo kusukela ngoMashi 2020 crossovers ziphakathi kwezimoto eziyishumi ezithengiswa kakhulu eYurophu. Izithombe ezifanayo ziye zabonwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Cabanga ukuthi iyini i-crossover, ihluke kanjani kwi-SUV ne-SUV, futhi yini ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zayo nokubi ngayo.

Yini i-crossover

I-crossover luhlobo lomzimba oluncane, okuthi ngezindlela eziningi lufane nokwakhiwa kwe-SUV. Kulokhu, ipulatifomu yemoto yabagibeli ithathwa njengesisekelo. Iphephandaba iWall Street lichaze lolu hlobo lwemoto njengenqola yesiteshi, efana ne-SUV, kepha akuhlukile emotweni ejwayelekile yabagibeli emgwaqweni.

Igama elithi "crossover" lisho uguquko ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kwesinye. Ngokuyinhloko, lolu "shintsho" lwenziwa lusuka kwi-SUV luya emotweni yabagibeli.

Nalu uhlu lwezimpawu eziphambili zalolu hlobo lomzimba:

• Amandla abantu okungenani abahlanu (kanye nomshayeli);
• Ingaphakathi elibanzi nelinethezekile;
• Isondo eligcwele noma langaphambili-wheel;
• Ukwanda kwemigwaqo okuqhathaniswa nemoto yabagibeli.

Lezi yizimpawu zangaphandle lapho ikhiyosisi ingabonakala khona emotweni. Eqinisweni, isici esiyinhloko "ukusikisela" kwe-SUV, kepha ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sohlaka kanye nokudluliselwa okwenziwe lula.

Abanye ochwepheshe bahlukanisa lolu hlobo lomzimba njengengxenyana yezimoto zokusetshenziswa kwezemidlalo (noma i-SUV - iloli elingasindi elakhelwe ukuthutha abagibeli).

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi leli yingxenye yezimoto ehlukile. Lapho kuchazwa amamodeli anjengalawa, i-CUV yesibongo ivame ukubakhona, ukumiswa kwayo okuyi-Crossover Utility Vehicle.

Imvamisa kunamamodeli anokufana okuhle kakhulu nawo izinqola zesiteshi... Isibonelo samamodeli anjalo yi-Subaru Forester.

Okunye okuhlukile kwasekuqaleni kwenqola yesiteshi se-crossover yi-Audi Allroad Quattro. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kufakazela ukuthi lesi sigaba sezimoto kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukusihlukanisa ngezici zaso zangaphandle.

Umlando womzimba weCrossover

Njengoba ama-crossovers eluhlobo lwe-hybrid phakathi kwemoto yabagibeli kanye ne-SUV, kunzima ukuchaza umngcele ocacile lapho kuvela amamodeli anjalo.

Ama-SUV agcwele ngokugcwele athandwa kakhulu abashayeli bezimoto zangemva kwempi. Bazisungule bona njengezimoto ezinokwethenjwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezingekho emgaqweni.

Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, izimoto ezinjalo (ikakhulukazi zabalimi) zaphenduka zasebenza, kepha ngenxa yezimo zasemadolobheni, iningi lezinketho zaphenduka zaze zaba yize. Kodwa-ke, abantu babefuna ukuba nemoto esebenzayo, kepha kungekho kuthembeka nentofontofo engaphansi kwe-SUV.

Umzamo wokuqala wokuhlanganisa iSUV nemoto yabagibeli wenziwe yinkampani yaseMelika iWillys-Overland Motors. Ngo-1948, iJeep Jeepster yakhululwa. Ikhwalithi ephezulu yeSUV incediswe ngokufakwa okuhle nokuthintwa okunethezeka. Eminyakeni emibili nje kuphela, amakhophi angu-20 000 asuswa kulayini wenkampani.

ESoviet Union, kwaqalwa umbono ofanayo yiGorky Automobile Plant. Ngesikhathi esukela ku-1955 kuya ku-1958 kwakhiwa izimoto ezingama-4677 M-72.

Ngekhwalithi chassis izinto ezisetshenzisiwe ze-GAZ-69, kanti iyunithi yamandla nomzimba zithathwe ku-M-20 "Pobeda". Isizathu sokudala "i-hybrid" enjalo kwakuwumsebenzi wokwakha imoto enekhono lokuwela izwe, kepha ngenduduzo yendlela yomgwaqo.

Yize kunemizamo enjalo, izimoto ezinjengalezi azange zichazwe njengezinye izindlela zokuhamba zabagibeli. Ngombono wokukhangisa, azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-crossovers, ngoba azange zinikezwe ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.

Esikhundleni salokho, bekuyizimoto ezakhelwe indawo lapho imoto ejwayelekile ingakwazi ukuhamba, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezinezintaba, kodwa ingaphakathi lalihamba kahle kuzo.

Izimoto zase-American Motors Corporation zaziseduze kwesigaba se-crossover. Ngakho-ke, imodeli ye-Eagle ye-AMC, ekhiqizwe enkathini ka-1979-1987, ayikhombisanga ukusebenza okuhle hhayi ngemodi yedolobha kuphela, kepha nangezimo ezikhanyayo zomgwaqo. Ingasetshenziswa njengenye indlela enqoleni evamile esinqoleni noma kuma-sedans.

Ngo-1981-82, inkampani yandisa umugqa wayo "we-crossovers" i-Targa eguqukayo... Imodeli yaqanjwa i-AMC Sundancer. Izimoto ezihamba ngamasondo wonke zazisuselwa kunhlobo lomgwaqo - i-AMC Concord.

Intsha emakethe yezimoto yathola ukuqashelwa ngenxa yokuthi yayinokuthunyelwa okwenziwe lula okwabiwa kabusha okuzenzakalelayo komzamo wokudonswa phansi phakathi kwama-asi angaphambili nangasemuva.

Le modeli yamakethwa njengezothatha indawo yamaSUV, yize izinkampani zeSUV ezigcwele zazama ukwakha umqondo wokuthi imoto yansuku zonke kwakungafanele ibe yi-hatchback, sedan noma isiteshi wagon. Ngenxa yalesi simo, i-AMC ibiphakathi kwabambalwa abebezama ukukhombisa ukuba nentuthuko kwezinguquko.

Inkampani yaseJapan iToyota kuvele ukuthi isondele ekufezekisweni komqondo weSUV engasindi. Ngo-1982 kwaqhamuka iToyota Tercel 4WD. Yayibukeka ifana ne-SUV ehlangene, kepha yaziphatha njengemoto yomgibeli. Nokho, eseyintsha kwadingeka ethile ephawulekayo - idrayivu enamasondo amane kuwo ivaliwe kwimodi yezandla.

I-crossover yokuqala ngomqondo wanamuhla walolu hlobo lomzimba yiToyota RAV4 ka-1994. Isisekelo semoto bekuyizinto ezithile ezivela kuCorolla noCarina. Ngakho-ke, abashayeli banikezwa uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele lwemoto, hhayi uhlobo lwe-hybrid.

Ngemuva konyaka, izimbangi zakwaHonda zazama futhi, futhi iHonda CR-V yangena emakethe. Kuliqiniso, umenzi wasebenzisa ipulatifomu evela ku-Civic njengesisekelo.

Abathengi bathande lezi zimoto ngenxa yokuthi banikeze ukuthembeka okuphezulu emgwaqeni ongekho emgwaqeni, futhi bakhombisa ukuzinza okumangazayo nokulawulwa komgwaqo omkhulu.

Ama-SUV awakwazanga ukuziqhayisa ngalezi zici, ngoba ngenxa yohlaka lohlaka namalungu asemaceleni adlula ngaphansi, isikhungo sabo samandla adonsela phansi besiphezulu kakhulu. Ukushayela umshini onjalo ngejubane elikhulu bekungaphazamisi futhi kuyingozi.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesithathu yeminyaka, isigaba se-CUV saqala ukuziqinisa, sathola ukuthandwa hhayi eNyakatho Melika kuphela. Emhlabeni wonke banentshisekelo kuma "SUVs budget". Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kolayini wokukhiqiza (kwavela izitolo ezishisela i-robotic), inqubo yomhlangano womzimba yenziwe lula futhi yasheshiswa kakhulu.

Kube lula ukudala ukuguqulwa okuhlukile komzimba nengaphakathi kwipulatifomu eyodwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, umthengi angakhetha imoto ehlangabezana nezidingo zakhe. Kancane kancane, i-niche yohlaka lokusebenzisa ama-SUV inciphe kakhulu. Ukuthandwa kwama-crossovers sekuholele ekutheni abenzi bezimoto abaningi bathuthele amamodeli abo amaningi kuleli klasi.

Uma abakhiqizi ekuqaleni bezibekela umgomo wokunikela ngemikhiqizo yabo yokunqoba indawo eseceleni komgwaqo, namuhla isilinganiso sokusebenza kwezimoto ezilula.

Ukubukeka nokwakheka komzimba

Ngaphandle, i-crossover ayinakho umehluko okhethekile ovela kwi-SUV, engahlukanisa imoto ibe yisigaba esihlukile sokuhlukaniswa ngokuma komzimba, njengoba kunjalo ngokusobala nge-sedan ne-station wagon.

Abamele abaphambili besigaba ama-SUV ahlangene, kepha kukhona nama "giants" angempela. Izici eziyinhloko ze-crossover zihlobene nengxenye yezobuchwepheshe. Ukwenza imodeli isebenze, kokubili ngaphandle komgwaqo nasethrekhi, ezinye izinto zithathwa kwi-SUV (isibonelo, ukukhushulwa komhlaba, ukukhuphuka kwamasondo amane, ingaphakathi elibanzi), nokunye okuvela emotweni yomgibeli (ukumiswa, injini, amasistimu enduduzo, njll.).

Ukwenza imoto izinze kakhudlwana kuthrekhi, uhlaka lohlaka lwasuswa ku-chassis. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube lula ukuhambisa amandla adonsela phansi aphansi kancane. Ukuze unokwethenjelwa okukhulu ungekho emgwaqeni, umzimba othwala imithwalo uyanezelwa ngeziqinisi.

Yize amamodeli amaningi enama-wheel drive amane, lolu hlelo lwenziwe lula ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa izindleko. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, amamodeli amaningi adlulisa i-torque emasondweni angaphambili (amamodeli afana neBMW X1 angamasondo angemuva ngokuzenzakalela). Lapho i-axle ishibilika, kudonsa amasondo amane. Ezimotweni ezinjalo, awukho umehluko wesikhungo. Futhi baphucwa amandla okuphoqelelwa (okwenziwa ngezandla) okusebenza ngawo wonke amasondo.

Njengoba ukudluliswa kwama-crossovers kulula kunokwama-SUV agcwele, akusebenzi ezimweni eziqinile ezingekho emgwaqeni. Idonsa ngamasondo amane izosiza ukunqoba ukungcola okuncane, futhi ezimweni zasemadolobheni kuzosiza ukugcina imoto iqhwa.

Ukucaciswa komhlaba okuphezulu nokulawula okunembayo

Phakathi kwekilasi le-crossover kukhona namamodeli abizwa ngamaSUV. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi umehluko wabo uyini, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi i-SUV idalwe ukuze ihlanganise izici zobuchwepheshe ze-crossover egcwele usayizi kanye nesethi ephelele yemoto ye-premium emotweni eyodwa.

Lezi zimoto zihlale zinendawo yangaphakathi ewubukhazikhazi nenezikhala ezinomthamo omncane womgibeli wabantu abangu-5, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ziba nezihlalo ezimbili ezengeziwe ezigoqayo ukuze kube nesikhala esikhulu se-trunk.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-SUV agcwele, lezi zimoto zisenobukhulu obuncane futhi azitholi lezo zinketho ezivumela ukuthi zinqobe izimo ezimbi kakhulu zangaphandle komgwaqo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimoto ezinjalo zingakwazi ukubhekana kalula nokuphithizela kwedolobha elikhulu ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukunethezeka kwawo wonke umuntu ngaphakathi kwe-SUV.

NamaSUV awanawo wonke amasondo. Lona kanye igama lekilasi lisho ukuthi imoto yakhelwe ukushayela emgwaqeni oyisicaba, njengokungathi ikwi-parquet. Ngakho-ke, ukuthutha okunjalo akusizi ngisho nasemgwaqweni ongekho emgwaqeni wobunzima obuphakathi. Eqinisweni, lena imoto evamile yedolobha, kuphela ngokubukeka nokunethezeka kwe-SUV.

Ezimweni zemigwaqo yedolobha kanye nemigwaqo yezwe elomile, i-SUV iyindlela ekahle yabathandi bokugibela okunethezeka. Izimoto ezinjalo zikwazi ukuhamba kalula futhi zilawule kalula izici zezimoto zabagibeli. kodwa ukunethezeka kuzo kuphakeme kakhulu kunezimoto zabagibeli.

Iziqongo zeCrazy

Intshisekelo yabathengi kulesi sigaba sezimoto ivuselela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize amamodeli anezici ezahlukahlukene. Kuze kube manje, kuneziqeshana ezimbalwa esezakhiwe.

Usayizi ogcwele

Lawa amamodeli amakhulu kakhulu angabizwa ngokuthi ama-crossovers. Igama elithi SUV lisetshenziswe ngephutha kubamele isigaba esingaphansi. Empeleni, lokhu "kuyisixhumanisi sesikhashana" phakathi kweSUV ephelele nemoto yomgibeli. Ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko kumamodeli anjalo kwenziwa ekufaneni ne "insizakalo" yabazalwane.

Phakathi kwabamele i-subclass, okulandelayo kuvela:

• IHyundai Palisade. Isigebenga sethulwe ekwindla ka-2018. Ubukhulu bayo yilezi: ubude obungu-4981, ububanzi buka-1976, nokuphakama okungama-millimitha ayi-1750;
• I-Cadillac XT6. I-flagship crossover ye-flagship ifinyelela ku-5050 ubude, ngo-1964 ububanzi, namamilimitha ayi-1784 ukuphakama;
• UKia Telluride. Ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke womkhiqizi waseNingizimu Korea unezilinganiso ezilandelayo (l / w / h): 5001/1989/1750 millimeters.

Izincwajana zikhomba ukuthi lawa ngamaSUV agcwele, kepha awanazo izinto eziningi ezitholakala kulowo mkhakha.

Usayizi ophakathi nendawo

Isigaba esilandelayo sama-crossovers sincane kancane. Izimoto ezidume kakhulu nezangempela kulesi sigaba yilezi:

• I-Kia Sorento isizukulwane sesi-4. ku-interface phakathi kwamamodeli agcwele naphakathi nosayizi. Ubukhulu bayo bungu-4810mm. ngobude, 1900mm. ububanzi no-1700mm. ukuphakama;
• UChery Tiggo 8. Ubude beCrossover ngu-4700mm, ububanzi - 1860mm, nokuphakama - 1746mm;
• I-Ford Mustang Mach-E. Le yi-crossover SUV yokuqala ngqa esebenza ngogesi emlandweni womkhiqizi waseMelika. Ubukhulu (ubude / ububanzi / ukuphakama): 4724/1880/1600 millimeters;
• ICitroen C5 Aircross ngomunye omele lesi sigaba esingaphansi. Ubukhulu bayo ngu: 4510mm. ubude, 1860mm. ububanzi no-1670mm. ukuphakama.

Icwebile

Ngokuvamile, phakathi kwabamele lesi sigaba sama-crossovers, kunezinketho zesabelomali. Izinhlobo eziningi zenziwa endaweni yesikhulumi sezimoto zeklasi C noma iB +. Ubukhulu bezimoto ezinjalo bulingana nezinga le- "golf class". Isibonelo yile:

• Skoda Karoq. Imoto ubude bayo bungu-4382, ububanzi ingu-1841, ukuphakama kungamamilimitha ayi-1603.
• IToyota RAV4. Esizukulwaneni sesine, umzimba wemoto ufinyelela kulezi zilinganiso ezilandelayo: 4605/1845/1670 (l * w * h);
• IFord Kuga. Isizukulwane sokuqala sinezici ezilandelayo: 4443/1842 / 1677mm.;
• Isizukulwane sesibili uNissan Qashkai. Ubukhulu ngokulandelana okufanayo - 2/4377/1806 millimeters.

Mini noma subcompact

Amamodeli anjalo afana nezimoto zomgwaqo ezingekho emgwaqweni. Zivame ukudideka nezinye izinhlobo zomzimba. Isibonelo salesi sigaba esingaphansi yile:

• INissan Juke yesizukulwane sokuqala ifinyelela ku-4135mm ubude, 1765mm ububanzi no-1565mm ukuphakama;
• IFord EcoSport. Ubukhulu bayo yilezi: 4273/1765/1662;
• I-Kia Soul isizukulwane sesibili. Le moto idala izimpikiswano eziningi: kwabanye iyi-hatchback, kwabanye iyiveni elihlangene, futhi umenzi wayo uyibeka njenge-crossover. Ubude bemoto - 2mm, ububanzi - 4140mm, ukuphakama - 1800mm.

Izici eziyinhloko zama-crossovers

Okungenani i-crossover yimoto ethatha abantu abahlanu. Izimoto zalolu hlobo zingaphansi kwesigaba se-CUV (Crossover Utility Vehicle), futhi zenyusile i-ground clearance uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izimoto ezithwala abantu. Futhi ekuthuthweni okunjalo kukhona njalo i-trunk evulekile, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa imoto ukuvakasha kwezimoto.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zici, amamodeli amaningi e-crossover afakwe ukukhiya okuhlukile (noma ukulingisa kwawo ngokubhuleka isondo elimisiwe ngohlelo lwe-ABS), kanye nedrayivu engapheli noma yokuxhuma kuwo wonke amasondo. Ama-Crossovers engxenye yesabelomali athola izici ezifanayo njengezimoto zabagibeli zakudala (i-sedan, i-station wagon, i-hatchback noma i-liftback), ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.

Ama-crossovers anjalo (isabelomali) abukeka njengama-SUVs wangempela, ikhono kuphela lokunqoba izimo ezingekho emgwaqeni zezimoto ezinjalo lilinganiselwe kakhulu. Njengoba sekushiwo, wonke ama-crossovers ahlukaniswe ngamakilasi:

• I-Minicrossover (i-subcompact);
• usayizi omncane;
• Kuhlangene;
• Usayizi we-shear;
• Usayizi ogcwele.

Uma sikhuluma nge-crossovers egcwele usayizi, lezi yizimoto ezingabizwa ngokukhululekile ngokuthi i-SUV (okungenani uma sicabangela ubukhulu nomzimba wabo). Ikhono labo elingekho emgwaqeni lincike ekucushweni.

Kodwa ngokuvamile kumamodeli anjalo kukhona i-plug-in-wheel drive (ikakhulukazi ngosizo lwe-viscous coupling). Ngaphezu kwemishini emihle kakhulu yezobuchwepheshe, izimoto ezinjalo zihlonishwa futhi ngokuvamile zithola iphakheji eliphezulu lezinketho zokunethezeka. Izibonelo zama-crossover anosayizi ogcwele iBMW X5 noma i-Audi Q7.

Ama-crossovers anosayizi omaphakathi athola ubukhulu obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa zihlala zikhululekile futhi ngokobuchwepheshe azikwazi ukuba ngaphansi kwamamodeli wangaphambilini. Leli klasi lihlanganisa iVolvo CX-60 noma i-KIA Sorento.

Ama-crossovers amancane, amancane kanye nama-mini-class afaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma emigwaqweni yezwe elula. Ikilasi elihlangene limelwe iFord Kuga, amamodeli amancane yiRenault Duster, kanye ne-subcompact yiCitroen C3 Aircross noma iVW Nivus. Ngokuvamile ama-mini crossovers ama-hatchback noma ama-coupes anemvume ekhulayo yomhlabathi. Amamodeli anjalo abizwa nangokuthi iziphambano ze-cross-coupe noma hatch.

Uhluke kanjani kwi-SUV ne-SUV

Abathengi abaningi badida abamele lezi zigaba, ngoba umehluko omkhulu uyakha kuphela. Ngaphandle, izimoto ezinjalo azivamile ukuba nokungezwani okukhulu.

I-SUV ephelele ingaba ncane kune-crossover. Isibonelo salokhu yiSuzuki Jimni. Uma uyiqhathanisa neNissan Juke, le moto ibukeka incipha kulabo abathanda umgwaqo. Lesi sibonelo sikhombisa ukuthi i-crossover ayinakuqhathaniswa ne-SUV maqondana nokubukeka kwayo.

Ngokuvamile, phakathi kwama-SUV ngomqondo ophelele wegama, kunezinhlobo ezinkulu. Phakathi kwazo kukhona iChevrolet Suburban. Umdondoshiya ungama-5699 mm ubude no-1930 mm ukuphakama. Ezinye izinhlobo zenzelwe izihlalo eziyi-9 okubalwa kuzo ezomshayeli.

Kusetshenziswa indlela efanayo esimweni sokuqhathanisa i-crossover ne-SUV. Elesibili ngaphandle alihlukile kwiSUV egcwele usayizi ogcwele, kodwa ngobuchwepheshe lenzelwe ukushayela kuphela emigwaqeni eyisicaba.

Endabeni yamaSUV, ahlala ehamba ngamasondo angaphambili. Kunalokho, i-SUV isinyathelo esilandelayo ngemuva kwabamele isigaba se-SUV ne-CUV. Ziphansi kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngisho nakuma-crossovers, yize ngaphandle zingabonakala zihlaba umxhwele, nasekhabini zingakhululeka ngokwengeziwe.

Nalu uhlu lwezinto eziyinhloko ezenza i-crossover ihluke kwi-SUV ne-SUV:

• Umzimba othwala umthwalo esikhundleni sohlaka lohlaka. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu isisindo semoto nezindleko. Ngalesi sizathu, kusetshenziswa izinto ezimbalwa ukwenza ama-crossovers futhi izindleko zawo ziphansi kakhulu.
• I-crossover ihlanganiswe endaweni yesikhulumi semoto. Nazi izibonelo: I-Audi Q7 (i-Audi A6 platform), i-BMW X3 (BMW 3-series), i-Ford EcoSport (i-Ford Fiesta), i-Honda CR-V / Element (i-Honda Civic) nezinye.
• Iningi lama-crossovers anamuhla alinalo icala lokudlulisa... Esikhundleni salokho, i-ekseli lesibili lisebenza ngokuzenzakalela ngokusebenzisa i-viscous coupling noma i-clutch kagesi lapho imoto ishayela emgwaqweni onendawo engafani (iqhwa eqhweni noma odakeni).
• Uma siqhathanisa i-crossover ne-SUV, khona-ke eyokuqala incane kakhulu ekujuleni komfula nokukhuphuka / ukwehla kwe-engeli, ngoba ukudluliswa kwayo akunazici ezidingekayo zokunqoba amagquma asezintabeni amakhulu. Ukususwa komhlaba kuma-crossovers kaningi kungeqi kumamilimitha angama-200.
• Ngokuzenzakalelayo, wonke ama-crossovers aqhutshwa ku-axle eyodwa kuphela (ngaphambili noma ngemuva). Owesibili uyajika lapho umholi eqala ukushibilika. Ukuze bakhange abathengi abaningi emikhiqizweni yabo, abanye abakhiqizi bahlomisa izimoto zabo ngokushayela okukodwa. I-Dimler, isibonelo, ihlela ukuguqula ama-crossovers eMercedes-Benz abe yizinhlobonhlobo zangaphambili noma zamasondo angemuva.
• Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-SUV, ama-crossovers mancane ama- "voracious". Ukusetshenziswa okuncane kakhulu kungenxa yokuthi imoto ifakwe kuzo zingasebenzi kahle. Amandla weyunithi yamandla anele ukusebenza kwedolobha, futhi imajini encane ikuvumela ukuba ushayele emgwaqweni omncane ongekho emgwaqweni. Futhi, amamodeli amaningi kulesi sigaba athuthukise i-aerodynamics, enomphumela omuhle ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli.
• Ngaphambi kwama-SUV agcwele, amanye amamodeli we-crossover aphansi kakhulu kumthamo we-trunk. Vele, uma singakhulumi ngezimoto ezincane zohlobo lweSUV.

Amagama ambalwa ngokukhetha i-crossover

Njengoba i-crossover ihlanganisa ukunethezeka kwemoto yedolobha nokusebenza kwe-SUV, lolu hlobo lwemoto lulungele abathandi bangaphandle, kepha abahlala edolobheni elikhulu. Izakhamizi zamadolobha amancane esikhala sangaphambi kweSoviet zazijabulela izinzuzo zezimoto ezinjalo.

Imigwaqo esendaweni enjalo akuvamile ukuthi ibe seqophelweni eliphezulu, yingakho kokunye kungenzeki ukusebenzisa imoto enhle yomgibeli. Kodwa ngenxa yokwanda kwemvume yomhlaba, i-chassis eqinisiwe nokumiswa, i-crossover izokwazi ukubhekana kahle naleyo migwaqo.

Nawa amanye amathiphu awusizo wokukusiza ukhethe imodeli ephelele ye-crossover yakho:

1. Umthetho wokuqala ngqa ukunquma hhayi ngentengo yemoto kuphela. Kubalulekile futhi ukubala ukuthi kuzobiza malini ukugcina umshini onjalo.
2. Okulandelayo, sikhetha i-automaker. Mayelana nalokhu, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma izinkampani ezihlukene seziyimikhiqizo engaphansi komenzi wezimoto oyedwa. Isibonelo salokhu ukukhathazeka nge-VAG, okubandakanya i-Audi, Volkswagen, Skoda, Seat nezinye izinkampani (uhlu olugcwele lwabazenzeli abakha ukukhathazeka kwe-VAG lungatholakala lapha).
3. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa imoto ukuhamba kaningi ezweni eliwela izwe, kungcono ukhethe imodeli enobubanzi obukhulu bamasondo.
4. Ukususwa komhlaba yipharamitha ebalulekile yemoto ehamba emigwaqeni yasemaphandleni. Uma inkulu, mancane amathuba okuthi phansi kuzobamba itshe noma isiphunzi sokunamathela.
5. Ngemoto enqoba ngaphandle komgwaqo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isebenza ngemodi yasemadolobheni, ukukhetha kokuxhuma kuwo wonke amasondo kuzoba wusizo. Lokhu kuzokonga uphethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezihamba phambili zamasondo onke.
6. Induduzo ipharamitha ebalulekile yalabo abalindele ukujabulela uhambo lwabo. Uma umshayeli enomndeni omkhulu, khona-ke ngaphezu kwenduduzo, kufanele unake ubukhulu bekhabhathi nesiqu.
7. I-crossover ngokuyinhloko iyimoto ephathekayo, ngakho-ke ubuhle obuguquguqukayo bokuguquguqukayo akufanele bulindelwe kumodeli enjalo.

Amamodeli we-crossover athandwa kakhulu

Ngakho-ke, njengoba sibonile, ama-crossovers athandwa kakhulu kulabo abathanda ukunqoba indawo engekho emgwaqeni, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo abathandi bokunethezeka okuvela ezimotweni zabagibeli. Emazweni we-CIS, amamodeli we-crossover alandelayo athandwa kakhulu:

• IKIA Sportage - ifakwe idrayivu enamasondo onke. Kuya ngokucushwa, kuze kufike ku-100 km / h. ishesha ngemizuzwana engu-9.8 nje. Imoto ine-trunk evulekile, ingaphakathi elinethezekile nedizayini ekhangayo. Izinketho ezingeziwe zinga-oda ukukhokhisa okungaphezulu;
• INissan Quashgai - inobukhulu obukhulu, kepha imoto ivulekile ngokwanele kubantu abahlanu. Kuye ukucushwa imodeli kungaba wonke-wheel drive. Enye yezinzuzo zemodeli yaseJapan iphakethe elikhulu lezinketho esevele limisiwe ekucushweni okuyisisekelo;
• IToyota RAV4 - ngaphezu kwekhwalithi eyaziwayo yaseJapan, le modeli inomklamo okhangayo nemishini esezingeni eliphakeme. Ekilasini lama-crossovers ahlangene, le moto inesikhundla esiphambili ngokuya ngezimpawu zobuchwepheshe;
• I-Renault Duster - ekuqaleni yadalwa njengommeleli wesigaba somnotho, kepha ngasikhathi sinye yathola ukuthandwa ngisho naphakathi kwabathandi bezimoto zikanokusho. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane nezici ezinhle zobuchwepheshe, imodeli inhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwedolobha nasekushayeleni emigwaqweni yasemaphandleni.

Vele, lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwamamodeli ahloniphekile azobhekana kahle nesigqi sasemadolobheni futhi nokuhamba okulula okulula. Uhlu oluphelele lwama-crossovers nencazelo yawo kukhathalogi yethu ezenzakalelayo.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-Crossover

Njengoba izimoto zekilasi le-CUV zadalelwa ukuvumelana nohlaka lwe-SUV, izinzuzo nobubi bazo zihlobene. Konke kuncike ekutheni yisiphi isigaba ongaqhathanisa naso.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto evamile yomgibeli, i-crossover inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• Ikhono eliphakeme lokuwela izwe, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukunqoba okungabalulekile emgwaqeni ongekho emgwaqweni ngemoto;
• Ukubonakala okuthuthukile ngenxa yesikhundla esiphakeme somshayeli;
• Ngokuhamba ngamasondo onke, imoto kulula ukuyishayela ezigabeni zomgwaqo ezinzima.

Kulesi sigaba sokuqhathanisa, ububi bunjengokulandelayo:

• Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngenxa yokuba khona kwedrayivu ku-ekseli yesibili nobukhulu obukhulu;
• Ukuze umshayeli ezwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-crossover kungenzeka, kufanele ifakwe idrayivu enamasondo amane nenjini enamandla. Kulokhu, imoto izobiza kakhulu. Okufanayo kusebenza ngekhwalithi yokwakha - uma uhlela ukusebenzisa imoto emincintiswaneni ye-Off-road, kufanele ukhethe imodeli lapho ingaphakathi lingangcoliswa kalula khona, futhi umzimba unamandla anele. Uma imoto inokwethenjelwa futhi isebenza ngokwengeziwe, iyoba eqolo kakhulu;
• Ukugcinwa kwezimoto kubiza kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma ifakwe idrayivu enamasondo amane;
• Izinhlobo zaphambilini bezingagcizeleli kangako ukunethezeka ukugcina imoto ishibhile. Kumamodeli wesimanje, induduzo eyengeziwe isuswa ukwehla kokusebenza komgwaqo ukugcina imoto isesigabeni sentengo eshibhile.

Izinzuzo ngaphezulu kwe-SUV yozimele yilezi:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli okuphansi (uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezinosayizi ofanayo);
• Ukuphathwa okungcono ngejubane eliphezulu futhi okunamandla kakhulu kumodi yedolobha;
• Kushibhile ukulondolozwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwezindlela zokudlulisa eziyinkimbinkimbi (ikakhulukazi uma i-crossover ingaphambili-isondo lokushayela).

Okubi uma kuqhathaniswa nesigaba seSUV kufaka okulandelayo:

• Ngenxa yokushoda kokudonsa ngamandla kwamasondo onke ngamagiya aphansi, i-crossover ayisizi ngalutho emijahweni engaphandle komgwaqo. Ukuze unqobe igquma eliphakeme, udinga ukusheshisa emotweni enjalo, kanti iSUV ephelele "iyazethemba" ngokwenyuka naphezulu (yebo, namaSUV awakwazi ukuzisiza kwamanye amagquma);
• Akukho luhlaka ekwakhiweni kwe-crossover, ngakho-ke ukushaqeka okuqinile komgwaqo kungalimaza kakhulu umzimba othwala umthwalo.
• Yize imoto esezingeni le-CUV ibekwe njengemoto enqamula ezweni ukushayela okungekho emgwaqeni, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akufanele ibaluleke, isibonelo, umgwaqo wezwe owubhuqu noma umgwaqo wehlathi, kanye nomfula ongajulile.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, i-crossover yisixazululo sokuqala ekutholeni ukuvumelana phakathi kwemoto yabagibeli nohlaka lweSUV olungasizi ngalutho kumodi yedolobha. Ngaphambi kokunquma ngesigaba esithile semoto, kufanele uhlaziye ukuthi izosetshenziswa kaningi kangaki.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Sengiphetha, sinikeza isibuyekezo sevidiyo emfushane yama-crossovers aseJapan:

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kungani ibizwa ngokuthi i-crossover? Ngokokuqala ngqa emhlabeni, abathanda izimoto baqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi crossover, beqala ngokukhishwa kwezinye izinhlobo zeChrysler (1987). Leli gama lisuselwa kusifinyezo i-CUV (Crossover Utility Vehicle), esihumusha njenge-crossover car. Ezweni lesimanje lezimoto, i-crossover ne-SUV ephelele yimibono ehlukile.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-crossover ne-SUV? ISUV (SUV class) iyimoto ekwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima zasemgwaqeni. Kuma-SUV agcwele, kusetshenziswa i-chassis yohlaka, futhi i-crossover isebenzisa umzimba we-monocoque. I-crossover ibukeka njenge-SUV kuphela, kepha imoto enjalo inamandla amancane okunqoba ngaphandle komgwaqo. Esikhathini sesabelomali, i-crossover ifakwe iyunithi yamandla evamile emotweni yomgibeli, kuphela inendawo ephakeme. Amanye ama-crossovers afakwa i-all-wheel drive transmission ngama-wheel drive ahlala unomphela noma ayi-plug-in.