Uhlelo lwe-VTEC lwenjini yemoto

Izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi zihlala zithuthuka njalo, onjiniyela bazama "ukukhama" amandla amakhulu ne-torque, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukukhulisa ivolumu yamasilinda. Onjiniyela bezimoto baseJapan badume ngokuthi izinjini zabo ezisemkhathini, emuva eminyakeni yama-90 yekhulu elidlule, zithole amandla amahhashi ayi-1000 asuka ku-100 cm³. Sikhuluma ngezimoto zakwaHonda, ezaziwa ngezinjini zazo zokumpintsha, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yohlelo lwe-VTEC.

Ngakho-ke, esihlokweni sizobhekisisa ukuthi yini i-VTEC, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, inqubo yokusebenza kanye nezici zokuklama.

Luyini uhlelo lwe-VTEC

Isikhathi se-Variable Valve and Lift Electronic Control, esihunyushelwa olimini lwesiRussia, njengohlelo lwe-elektroniki lokulawula isikhathi sokuvula nokuphakanyiswa kwe-valve yendlela yokusabalalisa igesi. Ngamazwi alula, lolu uhlelo lokushintsha isikhathi sesikhathi. Le ndlela yasungulwa ngesizathu.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi injini yemvelo yangaphakathi yomlilo inamandla amancane kakhulu okukhipha amandla, futhi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ishalofu" le-torque lifushane kakhulu ukuthi injini isebenza kahle ebangeni elithile lejubane. Vele, ukufakwa kwe-turbine kuyayixazulula ngokuphelele le nkinga, kepha sinentshisekelo kunjini yasemkhathini, eshibhile ukukhiqiza futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Emuva ngeminyaka yama-80s yekhulu elidlule, onjiniyela baseJapan kwaHonda baqala ukucabanga ngokuthi ingenziwa kanjani injini encane isebenze kahle kuzo zonke izindlela, isuse “umhlangano” we-valve-to-cylinder futhi inyuse isivinini sokusebenza sifike ku-8000-9000 rpm.

Namuhla, izimoto zakwaHonda zine-3 Series VTEC system, ebonakala ngokuba khona kwe-elekthronikhi eyinkimbinkimbi ebhekele inani lezikhathi zokuvula nokuphakamisa ama-valve izindlela ezintathu zokusebenza (low, medium and high rpm).

Ngezivinini ezingenzi lutho neziphansi, uhlelo luhlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli ngenxa yengxube ethambile, nokufinyelela isivinini esimaphakathi nesiphezulu - amandla amakhulu.

Ngendlela, isizukulwane esisha "i-VTECH" sivumela ukuvula elinye lamaphayiphu amabili wokungena, avumela ukonga kakhulu uphethiloli kumodi yedolobha.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zomsebenzi

Lapho injini isebenza ngejubane eliphansi neliphakathi, i-elekthronikhi yokulawula yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi igcina i-solenoid valve ivaliwe, akukho ukucindezela kukawoyela kuma-rockers, futhi ama-valve asebenza ngokujwayelekile kusuka ekuphendukeni kwamakhamera amakhulu we-camshaft.

Lapho ifinyelela ekuvukeleni okuthile, lapho kudingeka khona ukubuyiswa okuphezulu, i-ECU ithumela isinali ku-solenoid, okuthi, lapho ivulwa, idlulise uwoyela ngaphansi kwengcindezi emgodini wama-rockers, bese ihambisa izikhonkwane, iphoqa amakhamera afanayo ukuthi asebenze, okuguqula ukuphakama kwe-valve lift nesikhathi saso sokuvula. 

Ngasikhathi sinye, i-ECM ilungisa i-fuel-to-air ratio ngokujova ingxube ecebile kumasilinda nge-torque ephezulu.

Ngokushesha nje lapho ijubane lenjini lehla, i-solenoid ivala umzila kawoyela, izikhonkwane zibuyela esimweni sazo sokuqala, futhi ama-valve asebenza kusuka kumakhamera asemaceleni.

Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kohlelo kunikeza umphumela we-turbine encane.

Izinhlobo ze-VTEC

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-30 yokusetshenziswa kwesistimu, kunezinhlobo ezine ze-VTEC:

•  I-DOHC VTEC;
•  I-SOHC VTEC;
•  i-VTEC;
•  I-SOHC VTEC-E.

Yize kunezinhlobonhlobo zezikhathi nezindlela zokulawula ukushaywa kwe-valve, umgomo wokusebenza uyefana, uhlelo lokuqamba nokulawula luyehluka kuphela.

Uhlelo lwe-DOHC VTEC

Ngo-1989 kwakhululwa ukuguqulwa okubili kwe-Honda Integra emakethe yasekhaya yaseJapane - i-XSi ne-RSi. Injini engu-1.6-litre ifakwe i-VTEC, futhi amandla aphezulu ayengu-160 hp. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi injini ngesivinini esiphansi ibonakala ukusabela okuhle mpintsha, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kanye nobungane imvelo. Ngendlela, le injini isakhiqizwa, kuphela enguqulweni yesimanje.

Ngokuhlelekile, injini ye-DOHC ifakwe ama-camshafts amabili nama-valve amane isilinda ngasinye. Ipheya ngalinye lama-valve linamakhamera amathathu amise ngokukhethekile, amabili awo asebenza ngejubane eliphansi neliphakathi, kanti elinye eliphakathi "lixhunywe" ngejubane eliphezulu.

Amakhamera amabili angaphandle axhumana ngqo nama-valve nge-rocker, ngenkathi i-cam yesikhungo isebenza ingasebenzi kuze kufinyelelwe i-RPM ethile.

Amakhamera ohlangothini e-camshaft enziwe ngendlela ejwayelekile ye-ellipsoid, kepha ahlinzeka ngokusebenza kukaphethiloli kuphela ngejubane eliphansi. Lapho ijubane likhuphuka, i-cam ephakathi, ngaphansi kwethonya lomfutho kawoyela, iyasebenza, futhi ngenxa yobume bayo obuyindilinga nobukhudlwana, ivula i-valve ngesikhathi esidingekayo nakubude obukhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukugcwaliswa okuthuthukile kwamasilinda kwenzeka, ukuhlanzwa okudingekayo kunikezwa, futhi ingxube ye-fuel-air ishiswa ngokusebenza okuphezulu.

Uhlelo lwe-SOHC VTEC

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-VTEC kwahlangabezana nokulindelwe onjiniyela baseJapan, futhi banquma ukuqhubeka nokwenza okusha. Manje ama-motors anje ancintisana ngqo namayunithi ane-turbine, kanti eyangaphambili isakheke ngokulula futhi ishibhile ukuyisebenzisa.

Ngo-1991, i-VTEC nayo yafakwa enjinini ye-D15B enohlelo lokusabalalisa igesi i-SOHC, futhi ngevolumu enesizotha yama-1,5 litres, injini “yakhiqiza” i-130 hp. Idizayini yeyunithi yamandla ihlinzeka nge-camshaft eyodwa. Ngokunjalo, ama-cams akwi-eksisi efanayo.

Isimiso sokusebenza komklamo owenziwe lula asihlukile kakhulu kokunye: futhi sisebenzisa amakhamera amathathu ngazimbili zama-valve, futhi uhlelo lusebenza kuphela kuma-valve wokudla, kuyilapho ama-valve wokukhipha, kungakhathalekile ijubane, asebenza ngemodi ejwayelekile yejometri nesikhathi.

Idizayini eyenziwe lula inezinzuzo zayo ngoba injini enjalo ihlangene futhi ilula, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni okunamandla kwemoto nokuhlelwa kwemoto iyonke. 

Uhlelo lwe-I-VTEC

Impela uyazi izimoto ezifana nesizukulwane sesi-7 nesesi-8 iHonda Accord, kanye neCR-V crossover, efakwe ama-motors ngohlelo i-VTEC. Kulokhu, uhlamvu "i" lumela igama elihlakaniphile, okusho ukuthi, "ukuhlakanipha". Uma kuqhathaniswa nochungechunge olwedlule, isizukulwane esisha, ngenxa yokwethulwa komsebenzi owengeziwe we-VTC, osebenza njalo, ulawula ngokugcwele umzuzu lapho ama-valve aqala ukuvula.

Lapha, ama-valve wokufaka awavuli nje ekuqaleni noma kamuva futhi afike ekuphakameni okuthile, kepha i-camshaft nayo ingashintshwa nge-engeli ethile ngenxa yenati yegiya evikela i-camshaft efanayo. Sekukonke, uhlelo lususa i-torque "dips", luhlinzeka ngokusheshisa okuhle nokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kukaphethiloli.

Uhlelo lwe-SOHC VTEC-E

Isizukulwane esilandelayo se- "VTECH" sigxile ekufinyeleleni umnotho omkhulu wephethiloli. Ukuze siqonde ukusebenza kwe-VTEC-E, ake siphendukele kuthiyori yenjini ngomjikelezo we-Otto. Ngakho-ke, ingxube ye-air-fuel itholakala ngokuxuba umoya nophethiloli endaweni eningi yokuthatha noma ngokuqondile kusilinda. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, isici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kokuvutha kwengxube ukufana kwayo.

Ngejubane eliphansi, izinga lokungeniswa komoya lincane, okusho ukuthi ukuxuba uphethiloli nomoya akusebenzi, okusho ukuthi sibhekene nokusebenza kwenjini okungazinzile. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kweyunithi yamandla, ingxube enothileyo ingena kumasilinda.

Uhlelo lwe-VTEC-E alunawo amanye amakhamera ekwakhiweni, ngoba kuhloswe ngalo kuphela ukonga uphethiloli nokuthobela amazinga aphezulu ezemvelo. 

Futhi, isici esihlukile se-VTEC-E ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, enye yazo isesimweni esivamile, kanti eyesibili i-oval. Ngakho-ke, i-valve yokungena eyodwa ivuleka ebangeni elijwayelekile, kanti eyesibili ayivuleki kancane. Nge-valve eyodwa, ingxube ye-fuel-air ingena ngokugcwele, kuyilapho i-valve yesibili, ngenxa yokuphuma kwayo okuphansi, inikeza umphumela ojikelezayo, okusho ukuthi ingxube izoshisa ngokusebenza kahle okugcwele. Ngemuva kwe-2500 rpm, i-valve yesibili nayo iqala ukusebenza, njengeyokuqala, ngokuvala ikhamera ngendlela efanayo nezinhlelo ezichazwe ngenhla.

Ngendlela, i-VTEC-E ibhekiswe hhayi kwezomnotho kuphela, kepha futhi i-6-10% inamandla amakhulu kunezinjini ezilula zomkhathi, ngenxa ye-torque ehlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, akulona ize, ngasikhathi sinye, i-VTEC isibe imbangi ebucayi yezinjini ezi-turbocharged.

3-isigaba SOHC VTEC system

Isici esihlukile se-3-stage ukuthi uhlelo luhloselwe ukusebenza kwe-VTEC ngezindlela ezintathu, ngamagama alula - onjiniyela bahlanganisa izizukulwane ezintathu ze-VTEC zibe yinye. Izindlela ezintathu zokusebenza zimi kanje:

• ngejubane eliphansi le-injini, ukusebenza kwe-VTEC-E kukopishwa ngokuphelele, lapho kuphela eyodwa yama-valve amabili evula ngokuphelele;
• ngejubane eliphakathi, ama-valve amabili avule ngokuphelele;
• kuma-revs aphakeme, i-cam yesikhungo iyahlanganyela, ivule i-valve ekuphakameni kwayo okuphezulu.

I-solenoid eyengeziwe yenzelwe ukusebenza kwemodi emithathu.

Kufakazelwe ukuthi imoto enjalo, ngejubane elihlala njalo le-60 km / h, ikhombise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wamalitha angu-3.6 ngebanga le-100 km.

Ngokuya ngencazelo ye-VTEC, lolu hlelo kuhloswe ngalo ukuthi lubhekwe njengoluthembekile, ngoba zimbalwa izingxenye ezihambisanayo ekwakhiweni. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukugcina ukusebenza okugcwele kwemoto enjalo kufanele kuqhubeke kusuka ekulondolozeni okufika ngesikhathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kukawoyela we-injini nge-viscosity ethile kanye nephakethe lokufaka. Futhi, abanye abanikazi abachazi ukuthi i-VTEC inezihlungi zayo zemesh, ezivikela ngokwengeziwe ama-solenoids namakhamu emafutheni angcolile, futhi lezi zikrini kufanele zishintshwe njalo kumakhilomitha ayi-100.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini i-VTEC futhi isebenza kanjani? Kuwuhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi olushintsha isikhathi nobude besikhathi se-valve. Kuwukuguqulwa kohlelo olufanayo lwe-VTEC olwakhiwe ngabakwaHonda.

Yiziphi izici zokuklama nokuthi uhlelo lwe-VTEC lusebenza kanjani? Ama-valve amabili asekelwa amakhamera amathathu (hhayi amabili). Kuye ngomklamo webhande lesikhathi, amakhamera angaphandle athintana nama-valve ngokusebenzisa ama-rocker, izingalo ze-rocker noma ama-pusher. Kulolu hlelo lokusebenza, kunezindlela ezimbili zokusebenza zesikhathi se-valve.