Izimpawu Zokudlulisa nokuthi Yini Ongayenza

U-gearbox uyingxenye ebalulekile yokudlulisa imoto. Isebenza ngemodi yokulayisha engashintshi, idlulisa i-torque isuka enjinini iye kuma-axle shafts noma ku-cardan shaft. U-gearbox uwumshini oyinkimbinkimbi odinga ukulungiswa nokulungiswa ngesikhathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukudluliswa kuyaphela, izingxenye ngazinye nezingxenye ziyehluleka, njengoba kuchazwe ngezansi.

Kuyini ukudluliswa kwezimoto?

Ukudluliswa kuyinqwaba yezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi nemikhakha edlulisa futhi isabalalise i-torque kumasondo edrayivu avela enjinini. Ukudluliswa kudlala indima enkulu ekudlulisweni. Uma u-gearbox ehluleka, imoto ingayeka ukushayela kunoma yiliphi igiya, noma iyeke nokushayela. 

U-gearbox uqukethe i-rocker, okuthi, ngokusebenzisa izimfoloko, ihambise amabhlogo egiya, iguqule amagiya. 

Izimpawu zokudluliswa okungalungile

Ungathola ngokungasebenzi kahle kuka-gearbox ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukuguquguquka kwegiya ngobunzima
• ukungakwazi ukwehlisa amandla okokuqala
• ukudluliswa kuyazivalela
• ukwanda komsindo (isici sokukhala) lapho ushesha;
• uwoyela uyavuza ungaphansi kokudluliswa.

Lezi zibonakaliso ezingenhla zidinga ukungenelela ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi yokwehluleka kweyunithi yonke. 

Ukungasebenzi kahle okuyinhloko kokudluliswa kwemanuwali nezimbangela zazo

Uhlu lwamaphutha ajwayelekile:

 Ukudluliswa akufakiwe. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• ileveli kawoyela enganele;
• uwoyela wokudlulisa ulahlekelwe yimpahla yawo, awunciphisi ukungqubuzana futhi awususi ukushisa okwanele;
• i-rocker noma ikhebula lamagiye ligugile (i-rocker ivulekile, ikhebula seluliwe);
• ukuvumelanisa ukugqoka

 Umsindo wokusebenza owandisiwe. Izizathu:

• ukugqoka ukuthwala kwe-shaft eyinhloko noma yesibili;
• gqoka emazinyweni ebhulokhi lamagiya;
• ukunamathela okunganele phakathi kwamagiya.

 Knock out the transmission. Imvamisa kungqongqoza igiya lesibili nelesithathu, yibo abasetshenziswa kakhulu ngabashayeli kwimodi yedolobha. Izizathu:

• ukugqoka kwama-synchronizers;
• ukugqoka izixhumi ze-synchronizer;
• ukwehluleka kwendlela yokukhetha igiya noma i-backstage.

 Igiya kunzima ukulikhanyisa (udinga ukubheka igiya elidingekayo):

• ukugqoka kwesiteji.

Ukuvuza namazinga aphansi oketshezi olusebenzayo

Ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla kunenani eliphansi lezimpawu ze-2 zikawoyela - kushaft yokufaka neyesibili, noma emiphini ye-ekseli. Futhi, umzimba ungaba nezingxenye ezimbili, kanye ne-pallet, evalwe nge-sealant noma i-gasket. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwebhokisi lamagiya, izimpawu zikawoyela ziyahluleka ngenxa yokudlidliza kwemiphini, yona edlidlizelayo kusukela ekugqokeni kokuthwala. Ukuguga kwemvelo (uphawu lukawoyela luyashukwa) nakho kungesinye sezizathu zokuvuza kukawoyela. 

Imvamisa, uwoyela ugeleza usuka ngaphansi kwesigaxa, isizathu salokhu kungaba yindiza engalingani ye-pan yebhokisi lamagiya, ukugqoka kwe-gasket ne-sealant. Ngokuya ngobukhulu benkinga, uwoyela ungathatha iminyaka noma iminyaka eminingana. Njengoba ekusakazweni okuningi okwenziwa ngesandla, uwoyela awudluli ku-2 litres, ukulahleka kwama-gram angu-300-500 kuzothinta kakhulu imithombo yezinto zokuhlikihla. Uma u-gearbox ehlinzeka nge-dipstick, lokhu kuzosiza inqubo yokulawula.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kweSolenoid

Inkinga ngama-solenoids ivela kuma-robotic kanye nama-othomathikhi. I-solenoid isebenza ukulawula ukuhamba kukawoyela wokudlulisa, okusho ukuthi, ilawula imodi yokusebenza yebhokisi legiya. Uma kushoda uwoyela wokudlulisa, kulokhu i-ATF, ama-solenoids aqala ukusebenza ngokungafanele, enza ushintsho lwegiya olungalindelekile. Ukusuka lapha, ukushintshela egiyeni eliphezulu kuhambisana namajezi abukhali namasiliphu, futhi lokhu kungukugqoka kwangaphambi kwepakethe yokubamba kanye nokungcola kukawoyela. 

Izinkinga ze-Clutch

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sezinkinga zebhokisi lamagiya yi-clutch. I-clutch ejwayelekile iqukethe ubhasikidi, i-disc eqhutshwa kanye nokukhululwa kokuthwala. Ukukhululwa kokucindezela kucindezelwe ngemfoloko, ecindezelwa yinjini ngekhebula noma isilinda se-hydraulic. I-clutch iqaqa u-gearbox kanye nenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ukunika amandla ukuguquguquka kwegiya. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Clutch okwenza kube nzima noma kungenzeki ukufaka igiya:

• ukugqoka i-disc eqhutshwa, okusho ukuthi ibanga phakathi kwe-flywheel nebhasikidi lincane, igiya lizoshintsha ngomsindo wokugaya;
• ukwephuka kokutholakala kokukhishwa
• i-clutch master noma isilinda sesigqila
• elula ikhebula bamba.

Inkomba eyinhloko yokuthi iphakethe le-clutch lidinga ukushintshwa ukuthi imoto iqala ukusuka ku-1500 rpm nangaphezulu.

Ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo, i-clutch idlalwa nge-torque converter, equkethe iphakethe le-clutch. Injini ephehla ugesi ifakwa uwoyela, kepha ukusheshisa okucijile, ukushelela, inani elanele likawoyela kanye nokungcola kwawo kunciphisa insiza ye- "donut", kuyilapho ukushintshwa kwegiya kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwehla.

Amabhele enaliti agugile

Amagiya asemgodini wokukhipha wokudlulisa ngesandla afakwa kuma-needle bearings. Zisebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuhlangana kwemiphini namagiya. Kulokhu kufakwa, igiya lizungeza ngaphandle kokudlulisa i-torque. Izinaliti zithwala ukuxazulula izinkinga ezimbili: zenza lula ukwakheka kwebhokisi likamagiya futhi zinikeze ukunyakaza kwe-axial ye-clutch ukubandakanya igiya.

Izincomo zokusebenza nokugcinwa kokudluliswa kwamanyuwali

1. Izinga likawoyela kufanele lihambisane njalo nezincomo zefektri. Into esemqoka ukungagcini uwoyela, ngaphandle kwalokho uzokhanywa ngezimpawu zamafutha.
2. Noma umkhiqizi ebika ukuthi kukhona uwoyela owenele ku-gearbox kuyo yonke impilo yenkonzo. Uma ulandela lezi zincomo, ukudluliswa kwakho kuzohluleka ngokushesha. Ngokudluliswa kwamandla, isikhawu sokushintsha uwoyela singama-80-100 ayizinkulungwane km, sokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kusuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-70 km.
3. Shintsha i-clutch ngesikhathi, kungenjalo ukukhama okunganele kungashukumisa ukugqokwa kokuqala kwama-synchronizers.
4. Ekubonisweni okuncane kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-gearbox, xhumana nesevisi yemoto ngesikhathi esifanele.
5. Nakani okokufakwa kwebhokisi likamagiya, uma kugqokile, ukudluliswa "kuzokhipha", futhi amagiya azosebenza ngokuqinile futhi ahlukaniswe ngokuzenzekelayo.
6. Ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokuqina kweyunithi.
7. Isitayela esilinganiselayo sokushayela ngaphandle kokushelela kuzovumela indawo yokuhlola ukuthi ihlale isikhathi esimisiwe.
8. Faka kuphela futhi ungavimbeli amagiya nge-clutch ecindezelekile. 

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-gearbox kuzibonakalisa kanjani? Kumakhenikha, lokhu kuvame ukuhambisana nobunzima bokushintsha nokuququda / ukugaya lapho kushintsha. Ama-automatic transmission anezimpawu zawo zokungasebenzi kahle kuye ngohlobo lweyunithi.

Yini evame ukuphuka emshinini kagesi ozishintshayo? Isixhumanisi se-Lever, ukugqokwa kwezimpawu (ukuvuza kwamafutha, isiguquli se-torque asisebenzi kahle), ukungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yokulawula. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesiguquli se-torque ngemva kokulayisha ngaphandle kokushisa kwangaphambili.

Kungani u-gearbox uyeka ukusebenza? Igiya lokushayela lepompo likawoyela liphukile, izinga likawoyela liphansi, i-clutch igugile (kumakhenikha noma irobhothi), inzwa yehlulekile (ngokwesibonelo, ixoxo alivuli isibani sangemuva - ibhokisi ngeke ikhishwe endaweni yokupaka).