Uhlelo lokungenisa imoto

Ukusebenza kwanoma iyiphi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kusekelwe ekushiseni kwenhlanganisela yomoya nophethiloli kumasilinda eyunithi. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kufanele kutholakale umoya nezinto ezivuthayo (uphethiloli, udizili noma igesi) kwisilinda ngayinye, kudingeka ukubalwa okunembile kwevolumu yento ngayinye, futhi kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngokufanelekile. Njengoba ama-motors athuthuka, kanjalo nezinhlelo ezidingekayo ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwazo kahle.

Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kuncike hhayi kuphela kukhwalithi yohlelo lwamafutha nokusebenza kokushisa. Uma uphethiloli ungahlangani kahle nomoya, iningi lawo ngeke lishe, kepha lizosuswa emotweni ngepayipi le-exhaust (ukuthi lokhu kuzothinta kanjani isiguquli se-catalytic kuchazwa lapha). Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, ubungani bemvelo nokusebenza kahle, amapharamitha ahlukahlukene weyunithi yamandla ayathuthukiswa.

Ake sicabangele ukuthi uhlelo lokudla ludlala yiphi indima kulokhu, yiziphi izinto eziqukethe, inhloso yayo, iyini inqubo yokusebenza kwayo.

Luyini uhlelo lokudla ngemoto

Ama-motors amadala, asatholakala ezimotweni ezifuywayo, abengenalo uhlelo lokudla olunjalo. Injini ye-carburetor inezinhlobo eziningi zokudla, ipayipi layo elidlula ku-carburetor liye emoyeni. Idivayisi uqobo lwayo inenqubo elandelayo yokusebenza.

Lapho i-piston ku-cylinder ethile iqeda ukushaywa kokudla, i-vacuum ikhiqizwa emgodini. Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ivula i-valve yokungenisa. Ukugeleza komoya kuqala ukuhamba ngesiteshi esiningi. Ukudlula egumbini lokuxuba le-carburetor, inani elithile likaphethiloli lingena kulo (le volumu ilawulwa yizindiza, ezichazwe ngokwehlukana). Ukuhlanza umoya kunikezwa ngesihlungi somoya esifakwe phambi kwe-carburetor.

Ingxube imunca isilinda nge-valve evulekile. Noma iyiphi injini yomkhathi inesimiso sokusebenza se-vacuum. Kuyo, ingxube kaphethiloli womoya ingena ngokwemvelo nge-vacuum ekuphindaphindweni kokudla. Ukudla kokuqala kunikeze umoya kuphela ekamelweni le-carburetor.

Lolu hlelo lunokubuyela emuva okuphawulekayo - ukusebenza kwekhwalithi ephezulu yohlelo ngqo kuncike ekwakhiweni kwendlela exhunywe ekhanda lesilinda. Futhi, njengoba i-MTC idlula kumqoqi, inani elithile likaphethiloli lingawela ezindongeni zalo, okuthinta kabi umnotho wemoto.

Lapho kuvela umjovo (uyini nokuthi usebenza kanjani, uyatshelwa ngokwehlukana), kwaba nesidingo sokwakha uhlelo lokudla oluphelele oluzoba nomsebenzi ofanayo - ukuthatha umoya nokuwuxuba nophethiloli, kepha ukusebenza kwawo kuzolawulwa yi-elekthronikhi.

I-elekthronikhi ibala kahle inani elilinganayo levolumu yomoya nophethiloli futhi igcina le parameter ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ibuye inikeze ngokugcwaliswa okungcono kwamasilinda ngejubane eliphansi lenjini. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kokutholwa kweyunithi kwandisa ukusebenza kwayo ngaphandle kokunyusa ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli. Isilinganiso esiphezulu se-air-to-fuel ngu-14.7 / 1. Uhlobo lomshini lokungeniswayo alikwazi ukugcina lesi silinganiso ngezindlela ezihlukile zokusebenza kweyunithi.

Uma phambilini imoto ibinombhobho womoya kuphela ogeleza ngokwemvelo (ivolumu yawo ibinqunywa yizakhiwo zomgudu womoya nama-actuator), khona-ke imoto yesimanje ithola lonke uhlelo oluqukethe izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezilawulwa ngogesi. Zilawulwa yi-ECU, ngenxa yokuthi i-BTC inekhwalithi engcono.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uphethiloli, kufaka phakathi igesi (usebenzisa i-non-standard noma ifektri ye-LPG), nezinjini zedizili zithola uhlelo olufanayo lokudla. Kodwa-ke, kuya ngohlobo lomjovo, ingahle ibe nedivayisi ehluke kancane. Kokunye ukubuyekeza ichaza izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokujova.

Uhlelo lokungenisa lwesimanje lusebenza ngokuvumelanisa nezinye izinhlelo emshinini. Isibonelo, lolu hlu lubandakanya ukukhipha kabusha igesi nokujovwa kukaphethiloli. Ukuze ugcwalise kangcono amasilinda ngengxenye entsha yenhlanganisela yamafutha omoya, i-turbocharger ivame ukufakwa ethekwini. Yini i-turbocharger emotweni eyi ukubuyekeza okuhlukile.

Isimiso sokusebenza kohlelo lokungenisa

Uhlelo lokungenisa lusebenza ngokwesisekelo sokwehluka kwengcindezi phakathi kwesilinda nomoya. Kubonakala lapho i-piston idlulela ezansi esikhungweni esifile ku-stroke stroke (lapho kwenziwa i-stroke, ama-valve wokufaka nawokukhipha avaliwe), ne-valve lapho umoya nophethiloli ongena khona ethangini kuvulekile khona.

Inani lomoya ngqo lixhomeke kubukhulu besilinda uqobo. Kodwa-ke, le volumu iyashintshwa ukuze injini ikwazi ukugijima ngejubane eliphansi, futhi uma kunesidingo, i-crankshaft ingashintshwa ngaphezulu (lapho imoto ihamba ngejubane). Ukushintsha imodi yokusebenza, i-valve ekhethekile yomoya ebizwa nge-valve mpintsha iyasetshenziswa.

 Ku-carburetor, le nto ihlotshaniswa ne-pedator ye-accelerator. Lapho i-valve ivuleka ngokwengeziwe, uphethiloli owengeziwe udonselwa endleleni eyengeziwe yokungenisa. Ama-injini wokujova athola ukuminyana okukhethekile. Inomshini omncane kagesi oxhunywe kuyunithi yokulawula. Lapho umshayeli ecindezela i-accelerator pedal, ikhompyutha isebenzisa ama-algorithms ahlelelwe ukuthola ukuthi ingavulwa kangakanani i-valve yomoya.

Ukugcina isilinganiso esifanele somoya nophethiloli, kukhona inzwa mpintsha eduze kwempintsha, amasiginali athunyelwa kuyunithi lokulawula elektroniki (ezinhlelweni eziningi zesimanje, izinzwa zomoya ezimbili zifakiwe: eyodwa phambi kwesidambisi, futhi omunye ngemuva kwawo). Ngemuva kokuthola le datha, i-elekthronikhi iyakhuphula / yehlise inani likaphethiloli elinikezwa ngemibhobho ye-injector (mayelana nokwakheka nenqubo yokusebenza kwayo kuchaziwe kwesinye isihloko).

Ngokuya ngohlobo lomjovo, ipheshana lokudla lingaba nomklamo ohluke kancane. Isibonelo, ekuguqulweni okusatshalaliswa, uhlelo lokudla lubandakanyeka ekwakhekeni kwenhlanganisela. Kulomklamo, ama-injectors afakwa kupayipi ngalinye eliningi kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka kuma-valve wokudla. Iningi lemishini yokujova yesimanje ithola uhlelo olunjalo.

Uma injini inomjovo oqondile (esimweni samayunithi edizili, lokhu kungukuguqulwa kuphela), uhlelo lokudla lunikeza kuphela amasilinda ngengxenye entsha yomoya. Kulokhu, ukushisa kukaphethiloli kusebenza kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ukuxubana kwenzeka ngqo embotsheni yesilinda ngaphandle kokulahleka kwepheshana lokungenisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezici zokuklanywa kwalo mjovo (ama-valve angeziwe afakwa kokuphindaphindwayo kokutholwa, ukuvumelanisa kwawo kokusebenza kunikezwa nge-shaft ejwayelekile ene-drive kagesi), uhlelo lukaphethiloli lunganikeza ukwakheka kwenhlanganisela ehlukile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Uhlobo lwesendlalelo. Kule modi, umbhobho ufafaza uphethiloli kusilinda, ukusabalalisa ngangokunokwenzeka kulo lonke igumbi. Izinga lokushisa lomoya ongenayo liphezulu, ngenxa yokuthi uphethiloli uqala ukushabalala, kuhlangana kangcono nomoya. Le modi isetshenziswa ngejubane eliphansi nasemithwalweni ephansi kunjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.
2. Uhlobo olufanayo (olufanayo). Ngokuyinhlanganisela encikile. Ngokwethiyori, ingcindezi esesilinda enama-valve avaliwe ithinta ngqo ukukhishwa kwenjini ngesikhathi sokushisa kwenhlanganisela yomoya-uphethiloli. Ukusuka kulokhu, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukuze wandise i-torque ngokusetshenziswa okuncane kwephethiloli, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ivolumu yomoya ongena egumbini. Kodwa-ke, esimweni somjovo osatshalalisiwe, le nkinga elandelayo iyabonakala. Uma inani le-BTC liguqulwa lisendleleni yokwandisa inani lomoya (ingxube enciphile), ingxube enjalo izokhela kabi. Ngalesi sizathu, lolu hlobo lokwakheka kwengxube alusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezisatshalalisiwe zezinhlelo zomjovo. Kepha maqondana nomjovo oqondile, kungenziwa. Ukushisa okuthembekile kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi inani elincane likaphethiloli lifuthwa endaweni eseduze ne-spark plug. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenani eliphelele lomoya ocindezelweyo, kukhona uphethiloli omncane esilinda, kepha ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ifu elicebile eduze kwama-electrode enhlansi, injini ayilahli ukusebenza kwayo kahle ngisho nangokonga okubalulekile kukaphethiloli.

Nayi ukugqwayiza okusheshayo kokuthi isekethe lenhlanganisela eguquguqukayo lisebenza kanjani:

Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-multiple multiple? (Opopayi be-3D)

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesistimu kaphethiloli kanye nokwakheka kwama-actuator, kungahle kube nezindlela ezinjalo. Ngamunye wabo usebenza nge-elekthronikhi, erekhoda isivinini semoto nomthwalo okuyo. Ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka kwengxube, umkhiqizi ngamunye usebenzisa izindlela zakhe.

Isibonelo, kwezinye izinjini, kufakwa imibhobho ekhethekile yemodi ehlukahlukene, futhi kokunye, ngaphezu kwe-valve mpintsha, kufakwa ama-valve wokudla. Ngokuya ngemodi, bangavula futhi bavale ngokuzimela kwe-valve mpintsha.

Lapho ingxube yomoya / kaphethiloli isishile, amagesi okukhipha ayasuswa ngomshini. Lolu uhlelo lwemoto oluhlukile. Ngaphezu kokususa ukukhipha, kunxephezela ukugeleza kokugeleza kwegesi futhi kunciphise nomsindo wenjini (ukuthola eminye imininingwane mayelana nokwakheka nenhloso yohlelo lokukhipha, funda lapha).

I-booster boiler ibuye isebenzise kancane i-vacuum ekhiqizwe kaningi kokudla. Endleleni, ifakwe i-valve enqamula uhlelo lokukhipha igesi qeda.

Uhlelo lwesistimu yokudla yesimanje lubandakanya izinzwa eziningi nama-actuator ahlukahlukene, ukuze ilunge ngesekhondi elihlukanisiwe kwimodi yokusebenza yenjini noma imithwalo eshintshayo kuyunithi yamandla. Kwezinye izinhlobo zesimanje, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile, inhloso yayo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngokushintsha ubude nengxenye yendlela yokudla.

Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe i-torque ephezulu ngesivinini senjini esinciphile. Idizayini nomgomo wokusebenza komqoqi onobude obuguquguqukayo nesigaba esiphambanayo uchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ku- esinye isihloko.

Ukwakhiwa

Idivayisi yohlelo lokungenisa ifaka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukudla komoya. Imodeli ngayinye yemoto inokwakheka kwayo. Into esemqoka kule yunithi isihlungi somoya. Ibekwe endlini (imvamisa kuyitreyi elenziwe ngofeleba nhlangothi zonke, kepha kukhona nezihlungi ezivulekile ezifakwe ngqo ekudleni komoya), enepayipi legatsha elivulekile ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngale mbobo, umoya ungena entweni yokuhlunga, uyahlanzwa bese ungena kumbhobho wokungenisa. Imininingwane mayelana nezihlungi zomoya ichaziwe lapha.
• Mpintsha. Ekudizayinweni kwayo kwesimanje, iyi-valve esebenza ngogesi efakwe kwipayipi eligijima lisuka ekungeneni emoyeni liye ezininginingi. Ngokuya ngezidingo nemithwalo yemoto, iyunithi yokulawula elektroniki ikhipha umyalo ofanele wokuvula / ukuvala i-damper. Ngale ndlela ukugeleza komoya kwangaphakathi kulawulwa.
• Umamukeli (noma umqokeleli). Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokufakwa phakathi kwe-mpintsha nekhanda lesilinda. Leli yipayipi eliyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inesinye, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemibhobho eminingi (inombolo yabo incike kwinani lamasilinda ebhulokini). Inhloso yale ngxenye ukusabalalisa ukugeleza komoya kwangaphakathi phakathi kwamasilinda. Uma uhlelo lukaphethiloli luhlobo olusatshalaliswa, kuzokwenziwa imbobo kwipayipi ngalinye, lapho kuzolungiswa khona umjovo wephethiloli. Kulokhu, uhlelo lokudla lubandakanyeka ngqo ekwakheni ingxube yomoya-uphethiloli. Uma injini inomjovo oqondile (ama-injector aseduze nama-spark plugs noma ama-glow plugs ezinjini zikadizili), lapho-ke ukumane kulawulwe ukunikezwa komoya.
• Iziphuphu zokudla. Lawa ngama-valve angeziwe afakwe ngaphakathi kwamapayipi amaningi wokulawula uhlobo lwenhlanganisela yokwakheka. Lezi zinto zisetshenziselwa izinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo ngomjovo oqondile.
• Izinzwa zomoya. Baqopha amandla wokugeleza komoya ngaphambili nangasemuva kwe-damper, kanye nokushisa kwalo. Amasiginali avela kulezi zinzwa athunyelwa kuphiko lokulawula.

I-ECU ibhekele ukusebenza ngokuvumelanisa kwabo bonke abasebenza ohlelweni lokudla. Ngokuya ngamasiginali atholakele esisekelweni segesi, inzwa yokugeleza kwesisindo nezinye izinzwa lapho imoto ifakwe khona, i-elekthronikhi isebenzisa i-algorithm ethile. Ngokuhambisana nohlelo lobuchopho, wonke amadivayisi ngasikhathi sinye athola amasiginali afanele.

Yenzelwe ini

Ngakho-ke, njengoba ubona, ngaphandle kwesistimu yokudla esezingeni eliphakeme, equkethe inombolo ehlukile yezinzwa nama-actuator, akunakwenzeka ukudala ukonga, kepha ngasikhathi sinye imoto enamandla futhi enobungani bemvelo.

Okuwukuphela kwempendulo yezinhlelo zokudla zesimanje izindleko nobunzima besondlo. Uma injini ye-carburetor ingatholakala futhi ilungiswe yimizamo yomakhenikha onolwazi, i-electronics ihlolwa kuphela kwimishini ekhethekile. Ukuze uyilungise, udinga ukuvakashela isikhungo sezinsizakalo ezikhethekile.

Njengokwengeza, siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke inkulumo yevidiyo mayelana nohlelo lokungenisa imoto:

I-ICE Theory: Izinhlelo Zokungenisa

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kuyini ukufakwa kwenjini? Elinye igama uhlelo lokuthatha. Lokhu ukungenisa komoya okuxhunywe epayipini eliphuma libe ngamapayipi amaningana (elilodwa isilinda). Uhlelo luyadingeka ukuze kuhlinzekwe umoya ohlanzekile futhi kwakhiwe i-VTS.

Kwenzekani uma ubuningi bokudla bukhuliswa? Ukwelulwa kwe-manifold efiselekayo kuzoholela ekungangeni okukhulu kokungena, okuzoholela ekushiseni okungekuhle kwe-VTS. Lokhu kuzoholela ekwehleni kwe-torque namandla.