Isakhiwo nomgomo wokusebenza kohlelo lwe-ABS

Iqoqo lokuphepha okusebenzayo kwezimoto zesimanje lifaka abasizi abahlukahlukene nezinhlelo ezivumela noma ukuvimbela isimo esiphuthumayo noma ukunciphisa ukulimala kwabantu ngesikhathi sengozi.

Phakathi kwalezi zinto kukhona uhlelo lwe-anti-lock braking system. Yini? Isebenza kanjani i-ABS yanamuhla? I-ABS isebenza kanjani nokuthi ingashayelwa kanjani imoto uma lolu hlelo luvuliwe? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zingatholakala kulokhu kubuyekezwa.

Luyini uhlelo lwe-anti-lock braking

I-anti-lock braking system isho iqoqo lezakhi ze-electro-hydraulic ezifakwe ku-chassis yemoto futhi ezihambisana namabhuleki ayo.

Inikeza ukubambelela okungcono ebusweni bomgwaqo, ivimbele amasondo ukuthi ame ngokuphelele lapho kubhuleka amabhuleki emigwaqweni engazinzile. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka emigwaqeni eneqhwa noma emanzi.

История

Ngokokuqala ngqá le ntuthuko yethulwa emphakathini ngawo-1950. Noma kunjalo, bekungeke kubizwe ngokuthi ngumqondo, ngoba lo mbono waklanywa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ngakho-ke, unjiniyela uJ. Francis ngo-1908 wakhombisa umsebenzi we "Regulator" yakhe, owavimbela ukushelela kwamasondo kwezokuthutha ngezitimela.

Uhlelo olufanayo lwakhiwa umakhenikha nonjiniyela uG. Voisin. Uzamile ukudala uhlelo lwamabhuleki ezindiza ezilawula ngokuzimela umphumela wokubacindezela ezintweni ezibhonqayo ukuze amasondo endiza angasheleli emgaqweni wendlela ngenxa yamabhuleki. Wenza ucwaningo ngokuguqulwa kwamadivayisi anjalo ngawo-20.

Izinhlelo zokuqala

Vele, njengakuzo zonke izinto zokuqala ezakha noma yiziphi izinto ezisunguliwe, ekuqaleni uhlelo oluvimbela ukuvimba lwalunesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi esidala. Ngakho-ke, uGabriel Voisin oshiwo ngenhla kumiklamo yakhe wasebenzisa iflwheel ne-valve yokubacindezela exhunywe kulayini wamabhuleki.

Uhlelo lusebenze ngokwalo mgomo. I-flywheel yayixhunywe esigubhini esesondweni futhi ijikeleziswa naso. Lapho ingekho i-skid, isigubhu ne-flywheel zizungeza ngejubane elifanayo. Lapho nje isondo lima, isigubhu sehla nalo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-flywheel iyaqhubeka nokuzungeza, i-valve yomugqa we-hydraulic ivulwe kancane, kunciphisa amandla kudramu yebhuleki.

Uhlelo olunjalo luzikhombisile ukuthi luzinzile ngokwengeziwe emotweni, ngoba uma kwenzeka kuba neskid, umshayeli ngokwemvelo ubamba amabhuleki nangaphezulu, esikhundleni sokwenza le nqubo ngokushelela. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kukhuphule ukusebenza kahle kwama-braking ngamaphesenti angama-30. Omunye umphumela omuhle - ambalwa amathayi aqhuma futhi agugile.

Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lwathola ukuqashelwa okufanele ngenxa yemizamo yonjiniyela waseJalimane uKarl Wessel. Intuthuko yayo yayinelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1928. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukufakwa akuzange kusetshenziswe kwezokuthutha ngenxa yamaphutha abalulekile ekwakhiweni kwayo.

Uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-anti-slip brake lwalusetshenziswa kwezindiza ekuqaleni kwawo-50. Futhi ngo-1958, ikhithi yakwaMaxaret yafakwa okokuqala ngesithuthuthu. IRoyal Enfield Super Meteor ibihlonyiswe ngohlelo olusebenzayo lokuvikela ukubopha amabhuleki. Uhlelo lolu belubhekwe ngabakwaRoad Laboratory. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi le nto yohlelo lwamabhuleki izonciphisa kakhulu izingozi zezithuthuthu, iningi lazo ezenzeka ngqo ngenxa yokushushuluza lapho isondo likhiyiwe ngesikhathi kubhulekiwa. Ngaphandle kwezinkomba ezinjalo, umqondisi omkhulu womnyango wezobuchwepheshe wenkampani yezithuthuthu akazange akuvume ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwe-ABS.

Ezimoto, uhlelo lwe-anti-slip lwalusetshenziswa kuphela kumamodeli athile. Enye yazo yiFord Zodiac. Isizathu salesi simo kwaba ukuthembeka okuphansi kwedivayisi. Kuphela kusukela ngama-60s. i-electronic anti-lock braking system ithole indlela eya ezindizeni ezidumile zeConcorde.

Izinhlelo zanamuhla

Umgomo wokuguqulwa kwe-elekthronikhi wamukelwa unjiniyela e-Fiat Research Center futhi waqamba igama lokuthi i-Antiskid. Ukuthuthukiswa kwathengiswa kuBosch, ngemuva kwalokho kwabizwa nge-ABS.

Ngo-1971, abakhiqizi bezimoto uChrysler wethula uhlelo oluphelele nolusebenzayo olulawulwa yikhompyutha. Intuthuko efanayo yasetshenziswa ngonyaka owedlule yiMelika yaseMelika eLincoln Continental yayo. Kancane kancane, abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili bayithatha nenduku. Maphakathi nama-70s, iningi lezimoto ezihamba ngamasondo angemuva lalinama-elektroniki ama-anti-lock braking system kumasondo edrayivu, kanti amanye afakwa ukuguqulwa okusebenza kuwo womane amasondo.

Kusukela ngo-1976, intuthuko efanayo yaqala ukusetshenziswa ezokuthutha impahla. Ngo-1986, uhlelo lwabizwa nge-EBS, njengoba lwalusebenza ngokuphelele ku-elekthronikhi.

Inhloso yohlelo lwe-anti-lock braking

Imvamisa, lapho unyathela amabhuleki endaweni engazinzile (iqhwa, iqhwa eligingqiwe, amanzi e-asphalt), umshayeli ubona ukusabela okuhluke ngokuphelele kunalokho obekulindelwe - esikhundleni sokwehlisa ijubane, ezokuthutha ziba ezingalawuleki futhi ezingami nhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezela i-brake pedal kanzima akusizi.

Lapho amabhuleki esetshenziswa ngokungazelelwe, amasondo ayavalwa, futhi ngenxa yokubambeka kabi kuthrekhi, avele ayeke ukujikeleza. Ukuvimbela lo mphumela ukuthi ungenzeki, udinga ukubamba kahle amabhuleki, kepha esimweni esiphuthumayo, umshayeli ucindezela ngokungalawuleki iphedali. Abanye ochwepheshe ezindaweni ezingazinzile bazocindezela futhi badedele isigaxa sebhuleki amahlandla amaningi ukunciphisa imoto. Ngenxa yalokhu, amasondo awavinjelwe futhi awashushizi.

Noma kungadabukisa kanjani, akuwona wonke umuntu ophumelelayo ekufundeni leli khono, futhi abanye abakucabangi ngisho nokuthi kunesidingo sokwenza lokhu, kepha mane bathenge amathayi obuchwepheshe abizayo ngokuthembeka okukhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abakhiqizi bahlomisa iningi lamamodeli abo ngohlelo lokuvikela ukukhiya.

I-ABS ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine ukulawula imoto esimweni esiphuthumayo, uvimbele amasondo ukuthi angami ngokuphelele lapho kufakwa ibhuleki.

Idivayisi ye-ABS

Idivayisi ye-ABS yanamuhla ifaka inani elincane lezakhi. Siqukethe:

• Inzwa yokujikeleza kwesondo. Amadivayisi anjalo afakwe kuwo wonke amasondo. Iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi ihlaziya imingcele evela kulowo nalowo mzwa. Ngokusekelwe kwedatha etholakele, i-ECU isebenza ngokuzimela / ingasebenzi uhlelo. Esikhathini esiningi, amadivayisi alandelayo okulandela ngomkhondo asebenza kumgomo wenzwa yeHholo;
• Iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi. Ngaphandle kwayo, ngeke kusebenze, ngoba kuthatha "ubuchopho" ukuqoqa imininingwane nokwenza kusebenze uhlelo. Kwezinye izimoto, uhlelo ngalunye lune-ECU yalo, kepha abakhiqizi bavamise ukufaka iyunithi elilodwa elicubungula zonke izinto zohlelo lokuphepha olusebenzayo (ukuzinza kokuqondisa, i-ABS, i-traction control, njll.);
• Amadivayisi aphezulu. Ekudizayineni okudala, lezi zinto ziyibhlokhi enesethi yama-valve, ama-accumulators wokucindezela, amaphampu, njll. Kwesinye isikhathi ezincwadini zobuchwepheshe ungathola igama elithi hydromodulator, elisetshenziswa kulezi zinto.

Isici sohlelo lwe-ABS ukuthi ingaxhunywa ku-braking system ngisho nemoto entsha sha. Imvamisa, ziyisethi exhunywe nje kulayini wamabhuleki nakuhlelo lomshini kagesi.

Isebenza kanjani i-ABS

Ngokuvamile, uhlelo lwe-anti-lock braking system lwehlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3:

1. Ukukhiya isondo - i-ECU ithumela isignali ukwenza kusebenze uhlelo;
2. Ukushaywa kwe-actuator - i-hydraulic block iguqula ukucindezela kohlelo, okuholela ekuvulekeni kwamasondo;
3. Ukungasebenzi kohlelo lapho ukubuyiselwa kwesondo kubuyiselwa.

Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi yonke inqubo ilawulwa ama-algorithm afakwe kusoftware yeyunithi yokulawula. Ukuthembeka kohlelo kuxhomeke ekutheni idonswa nangaphambi kokuba amasondo alahlekelwe ukudonsa. I-analogue esebenza kuphela ngesisekelo sedatha ekushintshaneni kwamasondo ingaba nesakhiwo esilula nenqubo yokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo olunjalo belungeke lusebenze kangcono kunokwakhiwa kokuqala kukaGabriel Voisin.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-ABS ayisabeli ekushintsheni kwejubane lamasondo, kodwa kumandla okucindezela i-pedal brake. Ngamanye amagama, uhlelo luvuselelwa kusengaphambili, njengokungathi kuxwayiswa i-skid engenzeka, kunquma ijubane lokujikeleza kwamasondo namandla okucindezela i-pedal. Iyunithi yokulawula ibala ukushelela okungenzeka futhi kusebenze i-actuator.

Uhlelo lusebenza ngokuya ngalesi simiso esilandelayo. Ngokushesha lapho kuphakama isimo esiphuthumayo (umshayeli ucindezele ngokucijile isigqebhezana sebhuleki, kepha amasondo akakakhiyiwe okwamanje), i-hydromodulator ithola isignali kusuka kwiyunithi yokulawula bese ivala ama-valve amabili (itheku kanye ne-outlet). Lokhu kuzinzisa ingcindezi yomugqa.

I-actuator bese idonsa uketshezi lwamabhuleki. Kule modi, i-modulator ye-hydraulic ingahlinzeka ngokushaya kancane kwesondo, noma ngokuzimela inyuse / yehlise umfutho we-brake fluid. Lezi zinqubo zincike ekuguqulweni kohlelo.

Lapho i-ABS idalwa, umshayeli uzoyizwa ngokushesha ngokushaywa njalo, okuphinde kudluliselwe kuphedali. Ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza noma cha, ungathola ngokuthintwa kwenkinobho yokwenza kusebenze. Wona kanye umgomo wokusebenza kohlelo uphinda ikhono labashayeli abanolwazi, kodwa ulwenza ngokushesha okukhulu - cishe izikhathi ezingama-20 ngomzuzwana.

Izinhlobo zama-anti-lock braking system

Ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezinhlelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo, izinhlobo ezine ze-ABS zingatholakala emakethe yezingxenye zezimoto:

• Isiteshi esisodwa. Isiginali yeyunithi yokulawula nasemuva ifakwa ngasikhathi sinye ngentambo eyodwa enentambo. Esikhathini esiningi, ngaphambili-wheel drive izimoto anemisila ke, bese kuphela amasondo drive. Lolu hlelo lusebenza kungakhathalekile ukuthi iliphi isondo elikhiyiwe. Lokhu kuguqulwa kune-valve eyodwa lapho kungena khona i-hydromodulator nenye ephumayo. Ibuye isebenzise inzwa eyodwa. Lokhu kuguqulwa kungasebenzi kakhulu;
• Iziteshi ezimbili. Ezinguqulweni ezinjalo kusetshenziswa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi kusebhodini. Ilawula uhlangothi lwangakwesokudla ngokuhlukile kwesobunxele. Lokhu kuguqulwa kufakazelwe ukuthi kunokwethenjelwa impela, ngoba uma kwenzeka kuba nesimo esiphuthumayo imoto iyiswa eceleni komgwaqo. Kulokhu, amasondo ezinhlangothi ezingakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele asendaweni ehlukile, ngakho-ke, i-ABS kufanele futhi ithumele amasiginali ahlukile kuma-actuator;
• Iziteshi ezintathu. Lokhu kuguqulwa kungabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi yi-hybrid yokuqala neyesibili. Kuma-ABS anjalo, amaphedi wamabhuleki angemuva alawulwa yisiteshi esisodwa, njengasekuqaleni, futhi amasondo angaphambili asebenza kumgomo we-ABS onboard;
• Iziteshi ezine. Lokhu ukuguqulwa okuphumelela kakhulu kuze kube manje. Inenzwa ngayinye ne-hydromodulator yesondo ngalinye. I-ECU ilawula ukujikeleza kwesondo ngalinye lokudonswa okuphezulu.

Izindlela zokusebenzisa

Ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-ABS yesimanje kungenziwa ngezindlela ezintathu:

1. Imodi yokujova. Lena imodi ejwayelekile, esetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zakudala zesistimu yamabhuleki. Kuhlelo lwe-anti-lock braking, i-valve yokukhipha umoya ivaliwe futhi i-valve yokudonsa ivuliwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, lapho i-pedal ye-brake icindezelwa, uketshezi luqala ukuhamba kumjikelezo, lubeka i-cylinder ye-brake yesondo ngalinye.
2. Bamba imodi. Kule modi, iyunithi yokulawula ithola ukuthi elinye lamasondo lehla ngokushesha kakhulu kunamanye. Ukuze uvimbele ukulahlekelwa ukuthintana nomgwaqo, i-ABS ivimba i-valve yokungena yomugqa wesondo elithile. Ngenxa yalokhu, akukho mandla ku-caliper, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo amanye amasondo aqhubeka nokuhamba kancane.
3. Imodi yokukhishwa kwengcindezi. Le modi yenziwa isebenze uma eyedlule ingakwazi ukumelana nokukhiya kwesondo okuwumphumela. Kulesi simo, i-valve yokungena yomugqa iyaqhubeka ivaliwe, futhi i-valve yokuphuma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ivula ukukhulula ingcindezi kulo mjikelezo.

Ukuphumelela kokubhuleka uma isistimu ye-ABS ivuliwe kuncike ekutheni ishintsha kanjani isuka kwenye imodi iye kwenye. Ngokungafani ne-standard braking system, ne-ABS ivuliwe, asikho isidingo sokuphinda ubambe amabhuleki ukuze amasondo angalahleki. Kulokhu, umshayeli kufanele acindezele ngokugcwele i-pedal ye-brake. Omunye umsebenzi uzokwenziwa wuhlelo ngokwalo.

Izici zokushayela imoto nge-ABS

Njengokwethenjelwa kohlelo lwamabhuleki emotweni, alususi isidingo sokunakwa komshayeli. I-anti-lock braking system inezici zayo. Uma zinganakwa, imoto ingahle ilahlekelwe ukuzinza. Nayi imithetho eyisisekelo yezimo eziphuthumayo:

1. Uma imoto ifakwe i-ABS elula, khona-ke ukuze isebenze, udinga ukucindezela ngokuqinile i-pedal brake. Amanye amamodeli wesimanje afakwe umsizi wamabhuleki. Kulokhu, iyunithi yokulawula ithola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukulahleka kwe-traction futhi isebenzise lo msizi. Ngisho nengcindezi encane ku-pedal, uhlelo luyasebenza futhi ngokuzimela lwandisa ukucindezela kulayini kupharamitha oyifunayo;
2. Njengoba sekushiwo, lapho uhlelo luvulwa, i-brake pedal pulsates. Umshayeli ongenalwazi ngokushesha ucabanga ukuthi kukhona okwenzekile emotweni bese ethatha isinqumo sokuyidedela ibhuleki;
3. Lapho ushayela amathayi agcwele, kungcono ukucisha i-ABS, ngoba izikopelo ezisemathangeni zisebenza kahle lapho nje isondo livinjiwe;
4. Ngenkathi ushayela iqhwa elixegayo, isihlabathi, amatshe, nokunye I-ABS nayo ayisizi ngalutho kunokusiza. Iqiniso ngukuthi isondo elikhiyiwe ngaphambi kwalo liqoqa isigaxa esincane ezintweni zokwakha umgwaqo. Lokhu kudala ukumelana okwengeziwe kwesiliphu. Uma isondo liphenduka, ngeke kube khona umphumela onjalo;
5. Futhi, uhlelo lwe-ABS kungenzeka lungasebenzi ngokwanele lapho lushayela ngejubane ezindaweni ezingalingani. Noma kubhulekiwa okuncane, isondo emoyeni lizoma ngokushesha, okuzocasula iyunithi yokulawula ukwenza kusebenze idivaysi lapho ingadingeki;
6. Uma i-ABS ivuliwe, amabhuleki kufanele futhi asetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Emotweni ejwayelekile, lokhu kuzomcasula kuphela umuntu oshibilika eqhweni noma owangaphansi. Kodwa-ke, imoto ene-ABS izimisele kakhulu ukulalela isiteringi uma uhlelo lwe-anti-lock lusebenza.

Ukusebenza kwamabhuleki

Uhlelo lwe-ABS alufinyezi nje kuphela ibanga lokuma, kodwa futhi lunikeza ukulawula okuphezulu phezu kwemoto. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto engahlomile ngalolu hlelo, izimoto ezine-ABS zizobhuleka kahle. Akudingi ukuqinisekiswa. Ngaphezu kwebanga elifushane lokubhuleka emotweni enjalo, amathayi azoguga ngokulinganayo, ngoba amandla okubhuleka asakazwa ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke amasondo.

Lolu hlelo luzokwaziswa ngokukhethekile ngabashayeli abavame ukushayela emigwaqweni enezindawo ezingazinzile, isibonelo, lapho i-asphalt imanzi noma ishelela. Nakuba lungekho uhlelo olukwazi ukuqeda wonke amaphutha, luvikela abashayeli esimweni esiphuthumayo (akekho ohoxise ukunaka komshayeli nokubona izinto kusengaphambili), amabhuleki e-ABS enza imoto ikwazi ukubikezelwa futhi ilawuleke.

Uma kubhekwa ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki, ongoti abaningi batusa ukuthi abaqalayo bazijwayeze ukushayela izimoto ezinama-ABS, okuzonyusa ukuphepha emgwaqeni. Yiqiniso, uma umshayeli ephula imithetho yokudlula kanye nemingcele yesivinini, uhlelo lwe-ABS ngeke lukwazi ukuvimbela imiphumela yokwephulwa okunjalo. Isibonelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kahle kangakanani, alusizi uma umshayeli engazange ayifake ebusika imoto futhi eqhubeka nokushayela amathayi ehlobo.

Ukusebenza kwe-ABS

Uhlelo lwesimanje lwe-ABS luthathwa njengoluthembekile futhi oluzinzile. Ingasebenza kahle isikhathi eside, kodwa isadinga ukusebenza kahle nokugcinwa ngesikhathi. Iyunithi yokulawula ayivamile ukuhluleka.

Kodwa uma sithatha izinzwa zokuzungezisa amasondo, khona-ke lena yindawo esengozini kakhulu ohlelweni olunjalo. Isizathu siwukuthi inzwa inquma isivinini sokujikeleza kwesondo, okusho ukuthi kufanele ifakwe eduze kwayo - kuhabhu lesondo.

Lapho imoto iqhutshwa odakeni, ama-puddles, isihlabathi noma iqhwa elimanzi, inzwa iba ngcolile kakhulu futhi ingahluleka ngokushesha noma inikeze amanani angalungile, okuzoholela ekungazinzini kwesistimu. Uma ibhethri iphansi noma i-voltage ohlelweni lwe-on-board yemoto iphansi, iyunithi yokulawula izovala isistimu ngenxa ye-voltage ephansi kakhulu.

Uma uhlelo luhluleka, imoto ngeke ilahlekelwe amabhuleki. Kulokhu, umshayeli udinga ukukwazi ukwehlisa ijubane emgwaqeni ongazinzile ngosizo lwe-classic braking system.

Ukusebenza kwe-ABS

Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-ABS lukuvumela ukuthi wenze i-braking ephuthumayo ngokuphepha, futhi wenze kube nokwenzeka ukwenza ukuqondisa nge-pedal pedal ucindezeleke ngokugcwele. Lezi zinhlaka ezimbili ezibalulekile zenza lolu hlelo lube yingxenye ebalulekile yemoto efakwe isistimu yokuphepha esebenzayo ethuthukisiwe.

Ukuba khona kwe-ABS kuyakhethwa kumshayeli onolwazi. Kodwa oqalayo kufanele afunde amakhono amaningi ahlukene eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi imoto yomshayeli onjalo inezinhlelo eziningana ezihlinzeka ngenetha lokuphepha.

Umshayeli onolwazi ngaphandle kobunzima (ikakhulukazi uma eseneminyaka eminingi eshayela imoto yakhe) uzokwazi ukulawula umzuzu wokugoba amasondo ngokushintsha umzamo wokunyathela ibhuleki. Kodwa noma unolwazi olude lokushayela, uhlelo lweziteshi eziningi lungaqhudelana nekhono elinjalo. Isizathu siwukuthi umshayeli akakwazi ukulawula amandla esondweni ngalinye, kodwa i-ABS ingakwazi (uhlelo lwesiteshi esisodwa lusebenza njengomshayeli onolwazi olushintsha amandla kuwo wonke umugqa wamabhuleki).

Kodwa uhlelo lwe-ABS alukwazi ukubhekwa njenge-panacea ezimeni eziphuthumayo kunoma yimuphi umgwaqo. Isibonelo, uma imoto igxumela esihlabathini noma eqhweni elixegayo, khona-ke, ngokuphambene nalokho, izobangela ukwanda kwebanga lokubhuleka. Emgwaqweni onjalo, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuvimba amasondo kuzoba usizo kakhulu - angena emhlabathini, okusheshisa ukubopha. Ukuze imoto ibe yindawo yonke kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomgwaqo, abakhiqizi bezimoto zesimanje bahlomisa imikhiqizo yabo nge-ABS eshintshwayo.

Yini ukungasebenzi

Ngokuqondene nokwethenjelwa kohlelo lwe-anti-lock braking, lokhu kungenye yezinhlelo ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu emotweni. Izakhi zayo azivamile ukwehluleka, futhi kaningi lokhu kungenxa yokwephula imithetho yokusebenza nokugcinwa. Zonke izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zivikeleke ngokuthembekile ekulayisheni ngokweqile ngama-fuse nangokudlulisela, ngakho-ke iyunithi yokulawula ngeke ihluleke.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo okuvame kakhulu ukwehluleka kwezinzwa zesondo, ngoba zitholakala ezindaweni lapho kunzima kakhulu ukukhipha amanzi, uthuli noma ukungcola ekungeneni kuzo. Uma ukuthwala kwehabhu kukhululeke kakhulu, izinzwa ngeke zisebenze kahle.

Ezinye izinkinga sezihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezinhlelo ezihambisana nemoto. Isibonelo salokhu ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kunethiwekhi kagesi yomshini. Kulokhu, i-ABS izokwenziwa ingasebenzi ngenxa yokudluliswa okusebenzayo. Inkinga efanayo ingabonwa ngokunyuka kwamandla kunethiwekhi.

Uma i-anti-lock braking system izivalela yodwa, ungethuki - imoto izomane iziphathe sengathi ayinayo i-ABS.

Ukulungiswa nokunakekelwa kohlelo lwamabhuleki lwemoto ene-ABS kunezici zalo. Isibonelo, ngaphambi kokushintsha uketshezi lwamabhuleki, lapho ukuthungela kucishiwe, cindezela ibhuleki amahlandla ambalwa bese uwadedela (cishe izikhathi ezingama-20). Lokhu kuzokhipha ingcindezi ku-accumulator yomzimba we-valve. Ngemininingwane yokuthi ungalususa kanjani kahle uketshezi lwamabhuleki bese wopha uhlelo, funda esihlokweni esehlukile.

Umshayeli uzofunda ngokushesha ngokungasebenzi kahle kwe-ABS ngesiginali ehambisanayo kudeshibhodi. Uma ilambu lesixwayiso livela bese liyacima - kufanele unake ukuxhumana kwezinzwa zamasondo. Kungenzeka, ngenxa yokulahleka koxhumana naye, iyunithi yokulawula ayitholi isignali evela kulezi zinto, futhi isayina ukungasebenzi kahle.

Izinzuzo zesistimu nokubi

Asikho isidingo sokukhuluma kakhulu ngezinzuzo zohlelo lwe-anti-lock braking system, ngoba inzuzo yalo enkulu ikukuzinzisa imoto uma kwenzeka isiliphu samasondo ngesikhathi sokubopha amabhuleki. Nazi izinzuzo zemoto enohlelo olunje:

• Emvuleni noma eqhweni (i-asphalt eshelelayo) imoto ikhombisa ukuzinza okukhulu nokulawula;
• Lapho wenza i-maneuver, ungasebenzisa amabhuleki ngenkuthalo ukuze uthole impendulo engcono yokuqondisa;
• Ezindaweni ezibushelelezi, ibanga lokubhima lifushane kunemoto engenayo i-ABS.

Okunye okungahambi kahle kohlelo ukuthi aluhambisani kahle nezindawo zomgwaqo ezithambile. Kulokhu, ibanga lamabhuleki lizofushane uma amasondo evinjiwe. Yize ukuguqulwa kwakamuva kwe-ABS sekuvele kucatshangelwa izici zenhlabathi (imodi ehambisanayo ikhethiwe kusikhethi sokudlulisa), futhi ivumelane nesimo somgwaqo esinikeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgomo wokusebenza kwe-ABS kanye nezinzuzo zayo uchazwe kule vidiyo elandelayo:

Izimiso zomsebenzi we-ABS

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Ekupheleni kokubuyekezwa, sinikeza ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ungabhuleka kanjani imoto nge-ABS nangaphandle kwayo:

Ukubhuleka nge-ABS noma ngaphandle kwayo

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Isho ukuthini i-anti-lock braking system? Iwuhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi oluvimbela amasondo ukuthi angakhiyi ngesikhathi sokubhuleka ngokunciphisa kancane umfutho we-brake fluid.

Yenzelweni i-anti-lock braking system? Uma amabhuleki esebenza ngokucijile, amasondo angase alahlekelwe ukudonsa futhi imoto izoba nokuntengantenga. I-ABS inikeza i-impulse braking, evumela amasondo ukuthi agcine ukudonsa.

Isebenza kanjani i-anti-lock braking system? I-Electronics ihlola ukukhiya kwamasondo kanye nokushelela kwamasondo. Ngenxa yama-valve ku-brake caliper ngayinye, ingcindezi ye-TJ ku-piston ethile iyalawulwa.

Ungabhuleka kanjani nge-anti-lock braking system? Ezimotweni ezine-ABS, udinga ukucindezela i-pedal yonke indlela, futhi isistimu ngokwayo izohlinzeka nge-impulse braking. Asikho isidingo sokucindezela / ukukhulula i-pedal ngesikhathi sokubhuleka.