Yini iveni
Ngo-1896, amaphayona amabili embonini yezimoto aqala isahluko esibalulekile emlandweni wezokuthutha emigwaqweni. Kulo nyaka, iveni yokuqala yezimoto emhlabeni evela kwaDaimler, iMotoren-Gesellschaft, yalethwa kumakhasimende eLondon.
Le moto ibinenjini engamasilinda amabili iPhoenix ekhiqize isivinini esikhulu samamayela ayi-7 ngehora futhi ilayishe u-1500 kg. Kunemibuzo eminingi maqondana nokuthi ngabe imoto bekuyiloli noma iveni yini, kodwa ngokwamazinga anamuhla, lokho kungaba amandla okuphatha iveni.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uKarl Benz wakha imoto efana neveni eyakhelwe ku-chassis yenqola enezimoto eyakhe. Yayisetshenziselwa ukuletha izimpahla esitolo somnyango eParis.
Eqinisweni, kwakungama-1950s kanye nama-60s kuphela lapho abakhiqizi abakhulu baqala ukuklama, ukuthuthukisa nokukhiqiza amamodeli we-van esiwaziyo namuhla, amaningi awo asasebenza ekukhiqizeni.
Isibonelo, iVolkswagen Type 2 (T1), eyakhishwa ngo-1950, kwakuyisizukulwane sokuqala samaveni akwaVW Transporter. Lo mkhiqizo wemoto usakhiqizwa nanamuhla futhi manje usufinyelele ekuphindaphindweni kwawo kwe-T6.
Khonamanjalo, iFord yokuqala yokugqoka ibheji elidumile elithi "Transit" kwakuyiveni elakhiwa embonini yomkhiqizi yaseCologne ngo-1953. Kodwa-ke, leli veni alizange lithekeliswe kakhulu futhi ithegi ethi "Mark 1" yasetshenziswa kabanzi ku-British Ford Transit van eyakhiqizwa phakathi kuka-1965 no-1978.
Iveni iwuhlobo lwemoto olujwayele ukuthuthwa kakhulu impahla noma abantu. Ngokuvamile icishe ibe yi-cubic ngesimo, yinde futhi yinde kunezimoto kodwa incane kunamaloli. Izithiyo zempahla zivame ukufakwa ngemuva kwezihlalo zangaphambili zamaveni amaningi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala okubangelwa ukwehla kwesivinini kungazelelwe noma ukugingqika kwempahla. Kwesinye isikhathi izicabha zifakwa izithiyo zezimpahla ezivumela abashayeli ukuthi badlule endaweni yemoto. Igama elithi iveni lezimoto libonakale liphikisana negama elithi ikharavani. Ngokwencazelo yokuqala yenqola, iyinqola emboziwe esetshenziselwa ukuthutha impahla.
Lezi zimoto akuzona ezenkathi edlule. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bancamela ukuthenga amaveni njengoba enikeza indawo enkulu, enza ukuhamba kube ntofontofo futhi ayindlela ephephile yokuthutha. Lena imoto enkulu yemindeni emikhulu. Kuye ngezidingo zabathengi, maningi amaveni atholakalayo emakethe: amaveni agcwele, abagibeli, amakhumbi nabanye abaningi. Amanye amaveni adumile asengabonakala emigwaqeni manje iNissan Quest LE, Toyota Sienna XLE, Subaru 360 van.
UVan: izici ezihlukile
Uma umuntu engazazi kakhulu izimoto, kodwa angathanda ukuqonda iveni eduze kwakhe noma imoto ejwayelekile, kwanele ukuqonda ukuthi ukwakheka nezici ezihlukile zalolu hlobo lwemoto kusekelwephi.
Imoto
Uma imoto yakho yomndeni iyi-sedan evamile, i-station wagon, noma i-hatchback, kusho ukuthi imoto yabagibeli.
Izimoto zinezihlalo ezihleliwe noma ezigoqwayo zasentwasahlobo, amawindi nezicabha zabagibeli kanye ne-boot hatch ekhuphuka isuka ezansi iye phezulu.
UVan
Imoto ithathwa njengeveni uma inomsebenzi owodwa noma eminingi elandelayo:
1. Izindawo ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili
2. I-cockpit enezindawo ezimbili (indawo ehlukile yabashayeli nabagibeli ngemuva kwemoto)
3. Igumbi lokuthathwa ngemuva, elenzelwe ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla (ngophahla noma ngaphandle kwalo)
4. Uma umshini ungenawo amawindi emaphaneli ohlangothini angemuva
5. Uma umthamo ophelele wemoto ungaphezu kuka-1000 kg
6. Uma ngabe inhloso yayo yasekuqaleni yayikokuhweba nokwasekhaya
Ukuhlukaniswa
Amaveni manje asethola ukuthandwa ngokwengeziwe ezweni lanamuhla. Ikakhulu, ziyadingeka kubantu abahlala kude nedolobha, ukuthenga inani elikhulu lezimpahla ngezidingo zabo, noma kosomabhizinisi, ukwenza lula ukulethwa kwezimpahla. Amaveni angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo:
Amaveni okulethwa
Izimoto ezinjalo ziyizakhiwo ezakhiwe ngesisekelo sezimoto zabagibeli zohlobo lwe "station wagon". Bahlukile ngokuthi idokodo elikhethekile lifakwe emshinini onjalo, otholakala ngemuva kwekhebula lomshayeli.
Amaveni wensimbi yonke
Kulomklamo, indawo lapho umshayeli atholakala khona kanye negumbi lezimpahla ahlukanisiwe zaba izingxenye ezihlukene. Iningi lamaveni ethwala izimpahla kungabangelwa kalula ukuthi kube kulesi sigaba.
Amaveni amabhokisi
Kulokhu, indawo okulayishwa kuyo yehlukaniswe nekalishi lokushayela. Lokhu kuvumela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabhokisi ukuthi zifakwe emshinini kuzimele ezilungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Ngokuyinhloko, lolu hlobo lwamaveni lutholakala phakathi kwezimoto ezithengiswayo.
Ukusebenza kweveni kungahluka kuye ngokuthi umzimba wenziwa kanjani. Ukukhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo zamadizayini eveni, okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa:
Ifreyimu
Idizayini yalolu hlobo lweveni isuselwa ohlakeni lwensimbi oluqinile kakhulu. Izinto zokwakha i-sheathing zinamathele kuyo ngokulandelana. Lokhu kungaba ama-awnings, insimbi ehlanganisiwe, i-plywood yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, amaphaneli we-foam, njll.
Uhlaka
Idizayini enjalo yamaveni isuselwa kuma-sandwich panels, anezinto ezimbili zangaphandle nezinokufakwa, okuqukethe izingqimba eziningana zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Konke lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokufakwa uphawu okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuhanjiswa okuphansi kwe-van. Ukuhlanganisa isakhiwo esinjalo, ifreyimu ayidingeki.
Izinhlobo
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaveni ezitholakalayo?
Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu nokucaciswa kwamaveni, aqoqwe ngosayizi nohlobo:
Amaveni amancane
Usayizi uyisici esibucayi evenini, kangangoba kungabhekwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu kunohlobo lweveni. Amaveni amancane njengeCitroen Berlingo anamasondo amafushane nokuhamba kalula, kepha kusobala ukuthi anikela ngokukhokha okuncane.
Amaveni aphakathi nendawo
Ukuvala ngobunono igebe phakathi kwamaveni amancane namakhulu, amaveni aphakathi nendawo ahlinzeka indawo eningi yokugcina kanye nokuhamba ngokunethezeka okungafani neze nemoto yabagibeli ejwayelekile. Amaveni ama-Camper namaveni aphakathi nendawo njengeFord Transit Custom ahlukaniswa njengamaveni aphakathi nendawo.
Amaveni amakhulu
Ukunikezela ngokulayishwa okuphezulu kakhulu, amaveni amakhulu anama-wheelbase amade futhi ahlinzeka ngokushelela okushisayo ngenxa yesikhala esithe xaxa phakathi kwama-ekseli. Amaveni amakhulu afana namaLuton / amaveni ebhokisi, iMercedes-Benz Sprinter yiwona maveni amakhulu.
Ukuthatha / 4 × 4
Izithombe zithathwa kalula njengoba zinendawo yokuvula impahla ngemuva ngemuva kwekhebhu, njengeMitsubishi L200. Futhi olubonwa njengeloli, lolu hlobo lweveni luvamise ukuza ngamasondo amabili noma amane futhi luthandwa kakhulu ngabantu abajwayele ukuthenga ngohambo olulodwa.
Amaveni eCombi
Iyakwazi ukuthwala abantu kahle kanye / noma imithwalo, ama-combo amaningi noma amaveni abagibeli afaka izihlalo zokugoqa ukuze kwandiswe isikhala semithwalo. Izibonelo zamaveni ahlanganisiwe zifaka iRenault Trafic.
Minibus
Ilungele imindeni emikhulu, amabhasi amancane nezimoto ezinemisebenzi eminingi kunezihlalo zabagibeli ezifika kweziyisikhombisa, ezimbili zazo okufanele zikwazi ukugoba phansi. Lolu hlobo lweveni kufanele lunikeze induduzo nobubanzi, njengoba kwenza iVolkswagen Caravelle.
ILuton / ibhokisi leveni
Lolu hlobo lweveni luhlanganisa umzimba ovaliwe - indawo ende, eyisikwele yempahla - enekhebhu ehlukile futhi ivamise ukuba banzi kuneveni lephaneli. Isibonelo seveni yeLuton yiPeugeot Boxer. Lolu hlobo lweveni luyintandokazi ngezithunywa nabashayeli bokulethwa, njengoba umumo wesikwele wenza kube lula ukuletha amaphakheji amakhulu noma imithwalo emikhulu. Lawa maveni ngokuvamile afinyeleleka kuphela eminyango yangemuva futhi avame ukuba namakheshi ukuze enze ukulayisha kube lula, njengoba evame ukuphakama ukusuka phansi.
Indawo yokulahla iloli / i-dropide van
Uma sikhuluma nje, amaloli alahlayo noma amaveni angaphansi awuhlobo oluncane lweloli, kodwa anenkundla ephakama ngaphambili ukuze "ithiphu" okuqukethwe ngemuva. Amanye amaloli okulahla futhi akuvumela ukuthi utshekele nhlangothi zombili, kanye nangemuva, njengeFord Transit Dropside.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo:
Hlobo luni lwamaveni ezimpahla akhona? Kukhona amaveni anesisitho selanga endlini, iziqandisi, isothermal, "butterflies" (izingxenye ezisemaceleni ziyaphakama, okwenza kube lula ukulayisha / ukukhulula iveni).
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaveni akhona? Uhlobo lweveni luncike enjongweni yalo. Kukhona isinkwa, isothermal, "sandwich", izimpahla ekhiqizwa, iziqandisi, isisitho selanga endlini, amaveni (izimoto eguquliwe), zonke-metal, amabhokisi (ngokusekelwe iloli).
Kuyini ukuthutha impahla? Lezi yizimoto ezinendawo ehlukile yezimpahla, futhi ubude bemoto budlula amamitha ayi-6. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa nezimoto ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-14.
