Ukubunjelwa kwezimoto nokumaka kwazo

Ukubunjwa embonini yezimoto sekusetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70 futhi akwenzi nje umsebenzi wokuhlobisa. Mayelana nokuthi yikuphi ukubunjwa, iyini injongo yabo, ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani futhi unamathele emotweni - funda.

Kuyini ukubunjwa kwemoto

Ukubunjwa kuyisici sokuhlobisa somzimba, okuwumugqa oqoshiwe wepulasitiki, insimbi (i-chrome-plated) noma irabha eqinile, etholakala eduze kwamafasitela, umzimba kanye nezakhi zawo. Ama-molding afakwa njalo, futhi kukhona nemizimba yendawo yonke yokuvikela umsebenzi wokupenda, onamathiselwe ezindaweni ezisengozini ngokusobala. 

Yini ukubunjwa?

Ukubunjwa kwezimoto kunencazelo yobuhle, kuklanyelwe ukuvala izindawo ngegebe le-interpanel elikhulile, kanye nezikhala phakathi kwengilazi nomzimba, ukuvala igebe eligcwele i-glue. Umsebenzi wokuvikela umzimba wenziwa ngokubumba okufakwe eceleni kweminyango (phakathi naphansi), ekhoneni lama-bumpers nasephrofayilini ye-sill.

Izici zokubumba:

• ingilazi - ivikela ingaphakathi nengaphakathi lomzimba kusuka kumswakama nokugqwala;
• ku-bumper kanye nama-fenders - ivikela lezi zindawo ekuklwebheni, futhi futhi ayivumeli izingcezu zokungcola ziqoqwe;
• eminyango - ukubunjwa ngombala womzimba kudala umphumela wobuhle wevolumu nokunciphisa umzimba, zenziwe ngepulasitiki futhi ziboshwe ngeziqeshana. Ama-moldings angenapende avikela upende ekuklwebheni, okuwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho ukupaka kanye nebanga elincane phakathi kwenye imoto noma enye into. Futhi, lesi sixazululo sigwema ukwakheka kwamazinyo;
• uphahla - vikela ekungeneni komswakama kanye nokugqwala kuma-drain, usebenze njenge-drain yamanzi futhi ugcwalise ukwakheka komklamo wophahla.

Izinhlobo zemicu ye-convex emotweni

Uma uthatha isinqumo sokufaka okokufaka okwengeziwe, udinga ukuthi wazi izinhlobo ezilandelayo zemichilo ebhalwe ngezansi.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngendlela yokusetshenziswa nokwenziwa

1. Inothi lomthwalo - iningi lalezi zinketho zenzelwe ukufakwa eziqeshaneni, kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokufaka, noma kunjalo, kunengozi yokungangeni kahle endizeni, ngenxa yokuthi ukungcola nomswakama kuzovala lesi sikhala, esibangele ukugqwala.
2. Ngomzila wemvula - ngaphakathi kolwelwesi kukhona umzila wokuqondisa wokudonsa amanzi ku-drain. Lokhu ukubumba okukhethekile kwe-windshield nefasitela elingemuva. Kufakwe neziqeshana kuphela.
3. Ibha evuleke uhhafu iyisiqephu esimise oku-monolithic esingu-U esivikela uhlangothi lomzimba, sivale uguquko phakathi kwephaneli yomzimba kanye nengilazi, futhi sinencazelo yobuhle.
4. Okuvamile. Ingafakwa kunoma iyiphi imoto. Futhi, ukubunjwa okunjalo kusentengo engabizi, kuvame ukuzinamathisela. Kuvame ukufakwa esikhundleni sokubumba okudala ngenxa yokuthi akunakwenzeka ukufaka okufanayo, nakwezinye izindawo ezinganikezelwanga ngumklamo.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokumbozwa kozimele

Ukubunjwa kwehlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo:

• ezinezinhlangothi ezine - zama-windshields, ingxenye ye-monolithic efakwe eceleni kwengilazi, cishe ngamamitha angu-4.5 ngobukhulu;
• izinhlangothi ezintathu - futhi isetshenziselwa i-windshield, kodwa ngenxa yobunzima bokufaka endaweni yokukhweza izingalo ze-wiper, ingxenye engezansi ayinikeziwe. Isilinganiso sobude obungamamitha ama-3;
• uhlangothi, oluphansi nangaphezulu - luyingxenye ehlukile yerabha eqinile, ephansi nangaphezulu isetshenziselwa ukuvala i-windshield ngama-angles alungile, futhi amahlangothini ngokuvamile ayipulasitiki, ngezinye izikhathi adlala indima yesibili, okwenza umphumela we-aerodynamic;
• kuhlangene - ikhithi yokufakwa lula, ehlinzekwe ezimweni lapho kungenakwenzeka khona noma kunzima ukufaka i-monolithic sealant.

Izimo ezijwayelekile

Ukubunjwa okunjalo kufanelekile kunoma iyiphi imoto. Zinobude obuhlukene, ububanzi kanye nokwakheka. Ngenxa yalokhu, izakhi ezinjalo zokuhlobisa zikuvumela ukuthi udale umklamo wemoto oyingqayizivele lapho wenza ukulungisa okubukwayo.

Ukubunjwa kwendawo yonke kuvame ukwenziwa ngepulasitiki, kancane kancane ngensimbi. Izinketho eziningi zixhunywe emotweni nge-tape enezinhlangothi ezimbili, kodwa kukhona nohlobo lwezinto zokuhlobisa ezihlanganiswe nama-rivets noma iziqeshana zepulasitiki ezikhethekile.

Ukubunjwa kwendawo yonke ishibhile kunozakwabo bokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi abanikazi bezimoto bazimisele kakhulu ukuthenga amakhithi anjalo. Ububi bemikhiqizo enjalo yizinto ezisezingeni eliphansi ezenziwe ngazo. Ukwenza umkhiqizo ushibhe, abakhiqizi bawenza ngokuthatha indawo yerabha ye-butyl.

Kwezinye izimo, ukwenza isitayela imoto, abanikazi bezimoto bathenga ama-moldings wokwakha. Ikakhulukazi zenziwe nge-aluminium futhi ziboleka kahle ekucutshungulweni okwengeziwe (zingakhubazeka ukuze zilingane ne-contour yendawo ezonamathiselwa). Uma uchwepheshe ehlanganyela ekuhlobiseni imoto, ngenxa yokufaka ama-moldings wokwakha, imoto ingabukeka ihloniphekile.

Ukumaka

Uhlobo ngalunye lokubumba lunophawu lwalo. Okokuqala, lezi zimpawu zikuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yemoto lezi zinto zokuhlobisa ezihloselwe zona. Okwesibili, ngezimpawu, umnikazi wemoto angakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibonakalayo zezingxenye ezinjalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, uyaqonda ukuthi yini engacutshungulwa, isibonelo, ngaphambi kokudweba noma lapho uhlanza i-bitumen enamathela emzimbeni lapho ushayela ehlobo emigwaqweni ene-asphalt yekhwalithi embi.

Izincazelo ezifushanisiwe

Njengoba ukubunjwa kwezimoto kwenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye yazo ithola isifinyezo sayo, ukuze ukwazi ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi into yokuhlobisa ongayifaka emotweni yakho.

Nali umaka ojwayelekile okhombisa uhlobo lokubumba:

• I-PVC Mld - impahla yokukhiqiza ye-PVC noma i-polymer yokwenziwa;
• I-TPR - irabha ye-thermoplastic;
• Nge-Butyl Mld - ukwakheka kwezinto okwenziwa ngazo isakhi kuhlanganisa i-butyl;
• I-EPDM - ukwakheka kwezinto kuhlanganisa irabha kanye ne-ethylene-propylene. Le nto izwela kakhulu emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, amakhemikhali kanye nezinguquko eziqinile zokushisa (-50 + 120 degrees);
• I-Cavity Mld - ukwakheka komkhiqizo kunohlelo lokudonsa amanzi;
• Ngaphansi kwe-Mld - ukubumba okufihliwe (ukugubha ngomzimba wemoto);
• Nge-Detail Strip Mld - ene-strip yokuhlobisa;
• I-Ecapsulation Mld iwukubumba kwefekthri ekhiqizwa kanye nengilazi yemodeli ethile yemoto.

Ezinye izigaba

Emakethe yezingxenye zezimoto nezesekeli, ungathola ngokuvamile ukubumba kwepulasitiki emnyama. Angaba ecwebezelayo noma matte. Kunzima kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka, ukuthola ukubumba okuguquguqukayo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwalezi zakhi zokuhlobisa kusekelwe endaweni yokufaka.

Nazi izigaba ezibalulekile zokubumba izimoto:

1. Umnyango. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi zakhi zifakwe ezingxenyeni ze-convex zeminyango ukuze zivikeleke ngokumelene nemithelela. Ngaphezu kokuvikela upende, izakhi ezinjalo zinikeza imoto okwangempela.
2. Okwamabhampa. Izakhi ezinjalo zenziwe ngepulasitiki, kancane kancane ngerabha. Ngaphezu kwenhloso yesitayela, bavikela obhampa bepulasitiki ekulimaleni ngesikhathi semithelela emincane. Ngokuvamile, lezi ukubunjwa zenziwa ngesitayela esifanayo njengoba izinketho umnyango umphelelisi design imoto.
3. Okwezibuko. Lezi zinto ezibunjwayo ngokuvamile zenziwe ngerabha ukuze zilingane kahle nengilazi. Ngaphezu kokuhlobisa imoto, izakhi ezinjalo zinikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ekungeneni kwamanzi phakathi kwengilazi nomzimba.
4. Okwephahla. Lezi zingxenye zifakwe ku-gutters ophahleni futhi zingaba ukuphela kokuphothula kwesitayela sokubumba okusetshenziselwa imoto.
5. Okwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ukwengeza, izingxenye ezincane zingafakwa emibundwini, ama-wheel arches, ama-fenders. Ngaphandle kwenhloso ye-stylistic, ukubunjwa kwalesi sigaba kungafakwa ukuvikela umzimba emthelela wamatshe amancane ngenkathi ushayela imoto noma amakhemikhali afafaza umgwaqo ebusika. Kodwa ngokuvamile izakhi ezinjalo zifakwa abathengisi abangenangqondo ukuze bafihle umonakalo wokupenda komzimba.

Iyiphi ingxenye yemoto ozoyifaka

Ngokuya ngesimo, ukubunjwa kufakwe ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• iminyango. Imvamisa, amapheshana epulasitiki asetshenziswa ngaphansi nje komnyango, okusengozini enkulu yokulimala. Ukubumba okunjalo kumunca ngokuphelele imithelela emincane, ukuvikela umsebenzi wokupenda;
• bumper. Kufakwe ku-bumper ngokunamathisela, ukufakwa kwenziwa eceleni kwephepha lepulasitiki, okwenza ukupaka ezindaweni eziqinile kungabi yingozi kakhulu kupende;
• ingilazi. Izingxenye zisetshenziswa esikhundleni sezonakele ukukhipha amanzi, ukuvikela ingilazi, kanye nokufihla igebe phakathi kwamapaneli omzimba.

Ukuxoshwa

Hlukanisa ukubunjwa ezimweni eziningi:

• Uma kunesifiso sokufaka inguqulo enhle kakhulu yesici sokuhlobisa;
• Uma ukugqwala komzimba kuvele ngaphansi kokubunjwa;
• Uma ingxenye yesici sokuhlobisa iphukile, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokugeza okungalungile noma ngesikhathi sengozi.

Okunye ukubumba kungabuyiselwa ngokupenda kabusha. Kodwa ngokuvamile lezi zakhi zokuhlobisa zivele zithathelwe indawo ezintsha. Uma udinga ukuphinda upende ukubunjwa, khona-ke kuhlanzwa ukungcola, umzimba uhlanganiswe eduze nokubunjwa futhi kusetshenziswe ungqimba lwepende.

Kodwa uma kudingekile ukufaka esikhundleni sesici sokuhlobisa esisha, khona-ke okokuqala kudingekile ukuthola ukuthi zilungiswa kanjani emzimbeni. Uma usebenzisa ama-rivets (imvamisa amapulaki epulasitiki axhunywa kubha futhi afakwe ngqo embobeni emzimbeni), anqanyulwa ngaphakathi komnyango noma i-fender noma avele aphuke.

Kulula kancane ukususa ama-moldings ahlanganiswe ne-glue. Zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Ngosizo lokushisa. Ukuze ukubunjwa kukhishwe ebusweni bomzimba, kufanele kushiswe ngesomisi sezinwele zasendlini. Ukwakhiwa, nakuba kungcono ukubhekana nokushisa kwepulasitiki, kodwa kunamathuba amaningi okulimaza umdwebo wemoto. Lapho kushisa, ukubumba kuyasuswa kancane kancane kusuka phezulu.
2. Ngosizo lwezincibilikisi. Le ndlela isetshenziswa ngaphambi kokupenda kabusha umzimba wemoto uma ukubumba okudala kuzobuyiselwa endaweni yawo. Lapho ucubungula isisekelo sokunamathela nge-solvent, udinga ukuqaphela ukuthi ungalimazi upende.

Ukufakwa kokulingisa

Ukufaka ukubunjwa kwemoto efayo, indawo kumele ilungiswe kuqala. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokugeza indawo enamathiselwe ngegwebu, ukomiswa, nangemva kokugcotshwa. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukubunjwa kwekhwalithi, bese ukhetha lezo ezinempendulo enhle kakhulu.

Ungayinamathisela kanjani ingxenye 

Okulandelayo uhlu lwamakhemikhali anconyelwa ukufaka isikhunta sokunamathisela:

• iglue cyanoacrylate. Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu yi-tape ewuketshezi, efanelekile ngokunamathisela izingxenye ezingxenyeni zensimbi nezingilazi. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuchitheka ezindaweni ezingafuneki, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukususa iglue enjalo;
• ingilazi sealant. Ingasetshenziselwa ezinye izindawo, kepha ngokulungiswa okulandelayo nge-tape;
• isipikili esiwuketshezi. Kudinga ukucindezelwa kwesikhathi eside kwengxenye ukuthi inanyathiselwe ebusweni;
• Iteyipu emaceleni amabili. Kufanelekile ukunamathisela ukubunjwa komzimba jikelele;
• isikhashana seglue. Uma kutholakala ukulandelana okulungile, kulungisa izingxenye ezizonamatheliswa isikhathi eside.

Ubuhle nobubi bokuhlangana ngokwakho

Ngenxa yokulula kokufakwa, ukubunjwa kungafakwa emshinini ngokwakho. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwengxenye nokuthi ivikelwa kanjani, umsebenzi ungadinga:

• Ukwakhiwa noma isomisi sezinwele zasendlini;
• I-Screwdriver noma i-drill nge-nozzle, lapho kuzosuswa khona itheyiphu yokunamathela endala;
• Izindlela zokukhipha amafutha endaweni ephathwayo;
• I-spatula encane;
• Umaka (kubalulekile ukuthi ungagezwa - ngakho-ke ngeke kube khona iminonjana yokumaka ngemuva kokunamathisela ukubunjwa);
• I-tape yokunamathisela emaceleni amabili (uma isilungisi sefekthri sisetshenziswa kumkhiqizo, ngokuvamile akwanele, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukubunjwa kuzokhipha) esikhundleni sokuvamile;
• Ama-rags ahlanzekile ukuze ucindezele ukubumba hhayi ngeminwe yakho.

Inzuzo eyinhloko yokuzihlanganisa kwe-moldings yizindleko eziphansi zenqubo. Umnikazi wemoto udinga ukuchitha imali kuphela ukuthenga izinto zokuhlobisa kanye ne-adhesive tape. Amanye amathuluzi namathuluzi angatholakala ekhaya (noma yiliphi ikhaya linomshini wokubhoboza, i-spatula notshwala bokukhipha amafutha).

Kodwa ngokufaka kalula, ukubunjwa kokuzinamathisela kunezinkinga eziningana. Ukuhlakazwa ngokunganaki kwezakhi ezindala kungaholela ekulimaleni kopende. Uma ukugqwala kuvele ngaphansi kopende, khona-ke upende luzophuma kanye nokubunjwa. Umonakalo onjalo uzodinga nakanjani ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokufaka into entsha yokuhlobisa.

Ingabe impahla ingaphumela ngaphandle kwe-trailer body?

Uma sikhuluma ngempahla emikhulu, izwe ngalinye lingase libe nemingcele yalo kanye nezincazelo zalo. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yamazwe e-CIS ukuthuthwa kwemithwalo esindayo kunomthetho oyinhloko: isisindo sawo akufanele sidlule umthamo wokuthwala oboniswe ezincwadini zobuchwepheshe ze-trailer noma imoto ngokwayo.

Izinto zokuhamba ngazinye zinemikhawulo yazo. Uma imoto iyimoto yabagibeli, khona-ke umthwalo akufanele uphume ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa ngaphambi kwe-trailer, namamitha angu-1.5 esiphezulu ngemuva. Ububanzi bezimpahla ezinkulu kuleli cala akufanele bube banzi kuno-2.65m. Kwezinye izimo, imithwalo ibhekwa njengobukhulu obukhulu, futhi kufanele ihanjiswe ngezimoto ezikhethekile, isibonelo, iloli eline-flatbed noma ugandaganda.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Ekuphetheni - ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ungafaka kanjani ukubunjwa emotweni:

INDLELA YOKUNAMAMATISA NGEMPELA FUTHI KALULA ISIGCAWU KU-3M TAPE EMOTWENI, IZIMFIHLO ZOKUNGENA INGCWEPHESHE.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kuyini ukubumba imoto? Kuwucezu lokuhlobisa oluhlanganisa isici somzimba njengama-fender flares noma iminyango.

Kuyini ukubumba kwe-windshield? Lesi yisici sepulasitiki se-drainage esingalungiswa kokubili ku-windshield ngokwayo nangaphansi kophawu lwayo.

Imoto yokubumba kungani? Ngokwezwi nezwi lisuka esiNgisini, le nkulumo ihunyushwa ngokuthi ukubumba. Emotweni, lesi sici singenza kokubili ukuhlobisa nokuvikela (ivimbela amaconsi emvula ukuthi angangeni endaweni yabagibeli ngefasitela elivuliwe).