I-Flywheel: ukusebenza kweinjini okunokwethenjelwa nokuthembekile

Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ihlala iyunithi yamandla esebenza kahle kakhulu ezimotweni. Ngalesi sigaba, ungakwazi ukumboza noma yiliphi ibanga futhi ujabulele uhambo lwakho ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi esiningi ugcwalisa ithangi likaphethiloli.

Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqale imoto futhi uqinisekise ukushesha okubushelelezi, kufanele kube nengxenye ekhethekile. Lesi yisiphepho. Cabanga ukuthi kungani idingeka emotweni, yiziphi izinhlobo zamasondo endiza ezitholakalayo, nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngendlela efanele ukuze ingahluleki ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Yini i-flywheel yenjini yemoto?

Kalula nje, i-flywheel yenjini iyi-disc enamazinyo. Inamathele komunye umkhawulo we-crankshaft. Le ngxenye ixhuma imoto nokudluliswa kwemoto. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-torque idluliselwa kahle kwijubane elifanele le-gearbox, kufakwa ubhasikidi we-clutch phakathi kwezinqubo. Icindezela i-clutch disc ngokulwa nezakhi ze-flywheel, ezivumela ukudluliswa kwe-torque kusuka enqoleni iye ku-gearbox drive shaft.

Isimiso se-flywheel yenjini

I-flywheel iqondiswe ku-crankshaft eduze kakhulu ne-bearing main. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwediski, kunxephezela ukudlidlizela ngesikhathi sokuzungezisa kwendlela ye-crank. Ama-flywheels amaningi anamuhla afakwe umshini wasentwasahlobo osebenza njenge-damper lapho injini idilika.

Lapho injini iphumule, i-flywheel isetshenziselwa ukugoqa i-crankshaft. Kulokhu, kusebenza kumgomo wokuqalwa mathupha kwezimoto ezindala (i-lever yesandla yafakwa emgodini okhethekile wenjini, owavumela umshayeli ukuba ashaye i-crankshaft bese eqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi).

Idizayini ye-Flywheel

Iningi lama-flywheels alinzima ekuklanyeni. Ezimotweni eziningi, leli yidiski eliqinile, elinesisindo elinamazinyo ekugcineni. Inamathele ku-crankshaft end flange ngamabhawodi.

Ngokwanda kwamandla wamayunithi kagesi nokwanda kwejubane lawo eliphezulu, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi kudalwe izingxenye zesimanje esevele zinomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi. Bangabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi i-damper mechanism, hhayi ingxenye ejwayelekile.

Indima nendawo ye-flywheel enjinini

Ngokuya ngomklamo, ngaphezu komsebenzi wedrayivu wokudlulisa, i-flywheel inezinye izindima:

• Ukuthambisa kunyakaza ngokushintshana okungalingani. Abakhiqizi balwela ukusabalalisa isikhathi sokushaywa amasilinda wenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ukuze i-crankshaft ijikeleze ngokungqubuzana okuncane. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukudlidlizelisa i-torsional kusekhona (ama-piston ambalwa emotweni, ukucaca kuzocaca ngokwengeziwe). I-flywheel yesimanjemanje kufanele imunze ukudlidlizela okunjalo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvimbela ukugqoka ngokushesha kuka-gearbox. Kulokhu, ukwakheka kwayo kunemithombo eminingi yokuqina okuhlukile. Banikeza ukwanda okushelelayo kwamandla ngisho nokusebenza ngokungazelelwe kweyunithi.
• Ukudluliselwa kwe-torque kusuka emotweni kuya kushaft drive drive. Le nqubo iqinisekiswa ngebhasikidi yokubamba. Kuyo, idiski eqhutshwa imiswe ngokuqinile ebusweni bokungqubuzana kwe-flywheel kusetshenziswa indlela yokucindezela.
• Inikeza ukudluliswa kwe-torque kusuka ekuqaleni kuya ku-crankshaft lapho uqala injini. Ngale njongo, umqhele we-flywheel unamazinyo afaka igiya lokuqala.
• Ukulungiswa kwe-Damper kunikela ngamandla angenawo amandla okususa i-crank mechanism. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ama-piston akwazi ukuphuma kahle esikhungweni esifile (phezulu noma phansi).

Ama-Flywheels avame ukusindwa ngokwanele ukuthi angakwazi ukugcina amandla amancane we-kinetic lapho isilinda sisebenza ngokushaywa unhlangothi. Le nto ibuyisela la mandla emuva ku-crankshaft, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukusebenza kwemivimbo emithathu esele (ukudla, ukuminyana kanye nokukhululwa).

Izinhlobo zama-flywheels

Njengoba sekushiwo, ezimotweni ezindala i-flywheel yayenziwe nge-iron iron disc, ekugcineni kwayo kwacindezelwa indandatho yegiya kuyo. Ngokuthuthuka komkhakha wezimoto nokwanda kwezimpawu zamandla amayunithi kagesi, kuye kwakhiwa amaflaya amasha ahlukile komunye nomunye ngokusebenza kahle.

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo, ezintathu ziyahlukaniswa:

• Isisindo esisodwa;
• Ubuningi bobabili;
• Engasindi.

Ama-flywheels amaningi angabodwa

Izinjini eziningi zangaphakathi zomlilo zihlonyiswe ngalolu hlobo lokuguqulwa kwamawashi. Iningi lalezi zingxenye zenziwe ngensimbi yensimbi noma ngensimbi. Kukhona umgodi omkhulu lapho unamathiselwa khona kwi-crankshaft shank, futhi izimbobo ezihlanganayo zamabhawodi wokufaka zenziwa ezindlini ezizungezile. Ngosizo lwabo, ingxenye ibambeke ngokuqinile ku-flange eduze ne-main bearing.

Ngaphandle kukhona ipulatifomu yokuxhumana ye-clutch drive plate (indawo yokushayisana). Umqhele ekugcineni kwengxenye usetshenziswa kuphela lapho injini iqalwa.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza efektri, ama-disc anjalo alinganisela ukuqeda ukudlidliza okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini. Ukulinganisela kutholakala ngokususa ingxenye yensimbi ebusweni bengxenye (imvamisa imbobo ehambelana nayo).

Ama-flywheels amabili-mass

I-flywheel enesisindo esiphindwe kabili noma esinezikhala ezinzima kakhulu. Umkhiqizi ngamunye uzama ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okunjalo, okungaholela ekwakhiweni okuhlukahlukene kwamamodeli ahlukahlukene. Izakhi ezisemqoka kulezi zinqubo yilezi:

• Idrayivu eqhutshwa. Indandatho yamazinyo ilungiswe kuyo.
• Idiski eholayo. Inamathele ku-crankshaft flange.
• Ama-dampers we-Torsional vibration. Zitholakala phakathi kwama-disc amabili futhi zenziwe ngesimo semithombo yensimbi yokuqina okuhlukile.
• Amagiya. Lezi zinto zifakwe kuma-flywheels ayinkimbinkimbi. Zisebenza njengamagiya aseplanethi.

Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kubiza kakhulu kunama-flywheels aqinile ajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, zenza ukudluliswa kube lula ukusebenza (kunikeze ubushelelezi obukhulu) futhi kuvimbele ukugqokwa ekushayweni nasekuvevezeni ngenkathi ushayela.

Ama-flywheels alula

I-flywheel engasindi wuhlobo lozakwabo oyedwa. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwalezi zingxenye ukuma kwazo. Ukwehlisa isisindo, ingxenye yensimbi iyasuswa ebusweni obukhulu bediski esitshalweni.

Ama-flywheels anjalo asetshenziselwa ukulungisa izimoto. Ngenxa yesisindo sediski elula, kulula ukuthi imoto ifinyelele ku-rpm omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhlala kwenziwa ngokubambisana nokunye ukukhohlisa ngenjini nokudlulisa.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izinto ezinjalo azifakiwe, ngoba ziphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-motor. Ngejubane eliphakeme lokhu akubonakali kangako, kepha ngejubane eliphansi, kungavela izinkinga ezinkulu nokuphazamiseka.

Ukusebenza kwe-Flywheel kanye nokungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka

Ngokuvamile, i-flywheel ingenye yezakhi zenjini ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Imvamisa, insiza yayo yokusebenza iyafana naleyo yunithi yamandla. Ngokuya ngokwenziwe nomakhi, lezi zingxenye zinakekela amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-350 noma ngaphezulu.

Ingxenye eyinkinga kakhulu ye-flywheel ngamazinyo egiya. Isisetshenziswa sale nto sincike ngqo empilweni yokuqala. Izinyo elivela ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala kokuqala lingaphuka noma limane liphele. Uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka okufanayo, ungathenga umqhele omusha bese uwufaka esikhundleni sendala. Kulokhu, yonke i-disc kufanele isuswe enjinini, futhi ngemuva kokulungiswa, ifakwe emuva, kusetshenziswa kuphela amabhawodi amasha.

Okunye ukwehluleka kwe-flywheel okuvamile ukushisa kobuso bokungqubuzana. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okungafanele kwemoto, okuhambisana nokuphulwa kwemithetho yokushintshwa kwegiya (ngokwesibonelo, ipedali ye-clutch ayicindezelekile ngokuphelele).

Ukushisa ngokweqile kungadala ukuthi i-disc ikhubazeke noma iqhekeke. Esinye sezimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo ukuqaliswa okuqhubekayo kwe-clutch ebangeni elithile le-rev. Iphinde ihambisane nokudlidlizela okunamandla. Uma umshayeli eshisa i-clutch bese eyifaka entsha ngokushesha, asikho isidingo sokushintsha iflaya.

Amamodeli we-Dual-mass ahluleka kaningi, njengoba kunezingxenye ezengeziwe ekwakhiweni kwawo. Intwasahlobo ingaqhuma, ukuvuza kwe-lubricant, noma ukwehluleka kokuthwala (lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kepha kwenzeka kulolu hlu).

Esinye isizathu sokugqokwa kwe-flywheel ukushintshwa okungazelelwe kwe-clutch disc friction disc. Kulokhu, ama-rivets azonwaya indawo yengxenye, imiphumela yayo engeke iqedwe yinoma yini, kuphela ngokufaka ingxenye yayo.

Isitayela sokushayela singathinta nempilo ye-flywheel. Isibonelo, uma umshayeli eshayela imoto ngejubane elincishisiwe ebangeni elide, ukudlidliza okuvela kuyunithi kuyakhula, okungalimaza izinto ezigudluzelayo. Abanye abashayeli baqala futhi bayimise injini ngaphandle kokucindezela i-clutch pedal.

I-flywheel ayisebenzisi ngokwehlukile. Ngokuyinhloko, le nqubo yenziwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa esikhundleni se-clutch. Kulokhu, ukuhlola okubonakalayo kwengxenye kuyenziwa. Uma kungenasici, akukho lutho olwenziwayo. Uma kuzwakala umsindo wokugaya,-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uhambise imoto esiteshini senkonzo ukuze i-fiction disc esetshenzisiwe ingagugi ebusweni be-flywheel.

Ingabe i-flywheel ingalungiswa futhi ivuselelwe?

Lo mbuzo uvame ukukhulunywa ngama-fwwels amabili. Uma ukuguqulwa okuqinile kwehluleka, kuguqulwa kuphela kube okusha. Ingxenye ejwayelekile ayibizi kakhulu ukubuza umbuzo onjalo.

Kodwa-ke, ukulungiswa kokudonswa okubizayo kuvame ukuholela ekucabangeni okufanayo. Abanye ochwepheshe bagaya ingwebu yokususa umlilo ukuze basuse noma yikuphi ukuklwebeka okubangelwa i-disc ye-clutch egqokile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukulungiswa okunjalo akulethi umphumela oyifunayo. Indawo encane yokuphambana kwemithwalo ephezulu ingaqhuma, okungahileli kuphela ukufakelwa kwe-flywheel, kepha nokulungiswa kwe-clutch.

Eminye imihlangano yokusebenzela ngokubambisana inikela ngokulungisa i-flywheel ebizayo ngemali ethize. Kodwa-ke, lokhu futhi kuyinqubo engabazisayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngaphandle komqhele, akukho ngxenye eyodwa yeflaya ethengiswa ngokwahlukana. Ngalesi sizathu, umsebenzi "wokubuyisela" onjalo uyangabazeka.

Ukuphetha, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ngokucophelela i-clutch kanye nesitayela sokulinganisa sokushayela, ngeke kube nezinkinga nge-flywheel. Uma umshini ungasetshenziswa kakhulu, ungacabanga ngokufaka i-famper flywheel. Kwezinye izimo, ama-analogi aqinile azothembeka ngokwengeziwe.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini i-flywheel enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi? Le disc, efakwe ku-crankshaft, inikeza amandla angenayo (ishelela ukujikeleza okungalingani kwe-shaft), yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqala injini (umqhele ekugcineni) futhi idlulisele i-torque ku-gearbox.

Yini i-flywheel yemoto? Leli yidiski elixhunywe ku-crankshaft yenjini. Kuye ngokuguqulwa, i-flywheel ingaba yi-single-mass (i-disc eqinile) noma i-dual-mass (izingxenye ezimbili ezinemithombo phakathi kwazo).

I-flywheel ihlala isikhathi esingakanani? Kuya ngezimo zokusebenza zemoto. I-single-mass ngokuvamile isebenza inqobo nje uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngokwayo. Inguqulo ye-mass amabili inakekela isilinganiso samakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-150-200.